American War of Independence

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Mexican-American War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Conversly, the war also elicited the sense of national unity in Mexico, which had been lacking since the Independence movement dissolved in 1821.
Although by then aware of the American positions, Santa Anna and his troops were unprepared for the onslaught that followed.
Among many Americans, victory in the war brought a surge in patriotism as the acquisition of new western lands—the country had also acquired the southern half of the Oregon Country in 1846—seemed to fulfill citizens' belief in their country's Manifest Destiny.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican-American_War (3637 words)



AlterNet: DrugReporter: This Is Kerry on Drugs

After all, American style liberty and the bill of rights are generally viewed as pesky impediments to the drug war mission, and counter-terrorism as secondary to the well being of the bureaucracy.
But that the presidential challenger intends to place at the top of the Homeland Security bureaucracy a key architect and defender of a failed, cruel, destructive war on some of the poorest people on this planet is especially depressing.
Not according to many drug policy observers of each political stripe, who claim the war on drugs has been a complete, and extremely costly, failure.

http://www.alternet.org/drugreporter/19315 (2194 words)



Mexican War of Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The coup leaders, who had been assembled as an expeditionary force to suppress the American independence movements, compelled a reluctant Ferdinand to sign the liberal Spanish constitution of 1812.
After ten years of civil war and the death of two of its founders, by early 1820 the independence movement was stalemated and close to collapse.
The Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821) was Mexico's struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence (1314 words)



US - Greek Naval Relations Begin: Antipiracy Operations in the Aegean Sea

The suppression of Greek piracy and the achievement of Greek independence in 1830 did not, however, mean the end of Greek-American naval relations, nor of US Navy operations to suppress global piracy.
Such tactical operations eased the Greek pirate threat to American commerce, but did little to eliminate its root causes: The breakdown of law and order in the Aegean; the desperation of the Greek rebels fighting for their nation's freedom from the Ottomans; and the reluctance of the European naval powers to intervene.
In the wake of the 1823 Greek naval defeat at Bodrum, however, the Greek Navy turned to privateering to support the revolt, and attacked merchantmen-including American merchantmen.

http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/greek.html (2092 words)



ALHN-Texas History- Famous Texans

Angered by the actions of the Mexican government that they considered unjust, the American settlers began to demand more political independence.
He brought hundreds of American families into Texas, and was perhaps the most important figure in the movement for Texas independence.
(1809-1836), a commander of the Texas troops at the battle of the Alamo during the Texas war for independence.

http://louisianahistory.ourfamily.com/texas/texans.html (760 words)



Reader's Companion to American History - -MEXICAN WAR

Fears for the safety of Texas and rumors that Mexico would transfer California to Great Britain in lieu of its debt payment, combined with a new sense of national identity and destiny, heightened American sensitivity to Mexico's threats and moved Americans closer to a war spirit.
Jack Bauer, The Mexican War, 1846-1848 (1974); Robert W. Johannsen, To the Halls of the Montezumas: The Mexican War in the American Imagination (1985); David M. Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War (1973).
Some members of the Whig party and the abolitionists opposed the war, the former because they felt it was unconstitutional, the latter believing erroneously that it was part of a slaveholders' conspiracy to extend slavery.

http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_059100_mexicanwar.htm (1173 words)



The History Guy: The U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1848)

The second basic cause of the war was the Texas War of Independence and the subsequent annexation of that area to the United States.
The Mexican-American War was the first major conflict driven by the idea of "Manifest Destiny"; the belief that America had a God-given right, or destiny, to expand the country's borders from 'sea to shining sea'.
The Mexican-American War was largely a conventional conflict fought by traditional armies consisting of infantry, cavalry and artillery using established European-style tactics.

http://www.historyguy.com/Mexican-American_War.html (2331 words)



Chinese Civil War - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch

Cold war and revolution: Soviet-American rivalry and the origins of the Chinese Civil War, 1944-1946
After numerous operational set-backs in Manchuria, especially in attempting to take the major cities, the Communists were ultimately able to seize the region and then focus on the war south of the Great Wall.
Ironically, in Taiwan itself, the Kuomintang has become one of the more active supporters of a conciliatory policy toward the PRC and the Communist Party.

http://encyclopedia.worldsearch.com/chinese_civil_war.htm (2331 words)



The Chaco War

After independence, Indians, the most populous ethnic group, were forced into manual labor positions and servitude to caudillos like in many other Latin American nations.
The duration of the Chaco War was three years, from 1932 to 1935.
No reported acts of retaliation against the land were reported.

http://www.american.edu/TED/ice/chaco.htm (1475 words)



Use of U.S. Forces Abroad

The number of troops involved range from a few sailors or Marines landed to protect American lives and property to hundreds of thousands in Vietnam and millions in World War II.
Five of the instances are declared wars: the War of 1812, the Mexican War of 1846, the Spanish American War of 1898, World War I declared in 1917, and World War II declared in 1941.
A naval party landed and burned towns after the murder of an American seaman on Upolu Island.

http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm (1475 words)



South America - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although Bolivar attempted to keep the Spanish-speaking parts of the continent politically unified, they rapidly became independent of one another as well, and several further wars were fought, such as the War of the Triple Alliance and the War of the Pacific.
Geographically, South America is generally considered a continent forming the southern portion of the American landmass, south and east of the Panama Canal transecting the Isthmus of Panama.
However, most initial attempts at this were only partially successful, as American groups simply blended Catholicism with their traditional beliefs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America (2154 words)



Minutemen Vigilantism Raises Civil War Fears

All it would take is a crazy gringo terrorist to blow up and kill an American family of Mexican descent and admit that he did it on behalf of the Minutemen vigilantes.
Most interesting of all, there are efforts among US Marines of Mexican descent to form a super secret battalion to respond to any attack of the Mexican-American community.
The Minutemen are racists, bigots and xenophobes and are operating out of hate for Mexicans.

http://www.aztlan.net/ethnic_civil_war.htm (1121 words)



The History Guy: The U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1848)

The second basic cause of the war was the Texas War of Independence and the subsequent annexation of that area to the United States.
The Mexican-American War was the first major conflict driven by the idea of "Manifest Destiny"; the belief that America had a God-given right, or destiny, to expand the country's borders from 'sea to shining sea'.
The Mexican-American War was largely a conventional conflict fought by traditional armies consisting of infantry, cavalry and artillery using established European-style tactics.

http://www.historyguy.com/Mexican-American_War.html (2331 words)



Aliyah Bet & Machal Virtual Museum

Proportional to population, the number of Israeli deaths in the War of Independence -- 1% of the population -- was five times higher than the number of American combat deaths in World War II.
Twenty-two of the 40 Americans and Canadians killed during the War of Independence served in the ground forces.
The stories of Israeli heroism and sacrifice abound, deservedly, in the annals of the War of Independence.

http://www.israelvets.com/hist_machal.asp (859 words)



A History of American Wars

Post World War II, the United States has also assisted in over 20 different coups throughout the world, and the CIA was responsible for half a dozen assassinations of political heads of state.
Lebanon - 1982-84 - Marines occupied Beirut during Lebanon's civil war; 241 were killed in the American barracks and Reagan "redeployed" the troops to the Mediterranean.
Cambodia - 1975 - Twenty-eight Americans killed in an effort to retrieve the crew of the ayaquez, which had been seized.

http://www.ilaam.net/Sept11/AmericanWars.html (2244 words)



South American Wars

The discovery of oil in the Bolivian lowlands and the alleged involvement of American oil companies led to full-scale warfare in 1932.
The war devastated Paraguay, and when López's death ended the conflict in 1870, more than half of the population had been killed, the economy had been destroyed, agricultural activity was at a standstill and the country had lost more than 142,500 sq km (55,000 sq mi).
He was succeeded by his son, Francisco Solano López who, seeking to build an empire, led the country into a war against an alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.

http://berclo.net/page94/94en-hist-sam-wars.html (2282 words)



American Revolution - Books on the War of Independence

This enduring and exceptionally readable resource, first published in 1976 under the title In Defense of the Public Liberty: Britain, America, and the Struggle for Independence from 1760 to the Surrender at Yorktown in 1781, was honored with the Sons of Liberty Award for the best book on the American Revolution.
Indeed, under different circumstances the American Judas might have gone down in history as the most revered military leader of the Revolutionary War, save George Washington.
The War for American Independence: From 1760 to the Surrender at Yorktown in 1781

http://www.dropbears.com/b/broughsbooks/military/american_revolution.htm (2282 words)



History Reviews

State of War is a short but clear account of CIA incompetence, finally speaking up in the last year, but now no one will listen as they have lost all credibility.
Even more incredible, the Afghani drug king-pin, Noorzai, known to have financed al Quada in the past, offered to make a deal with the American authorities, by offering key information regarding al Quada, however, he was left waiting at the rendezvous point, and told later that the government was too preoccupied with Iraq.
To your typical American Vietnam is as distant as the revolutionary war.

http://www.e-book-store.com/History/History_4.html (8324 words)



NYPL Digital Gallery Africana & Black History

History of American conspiracies: a record of treason, insurrection, rebellion & c., in the United States of America, from 1760 to 1860.
The colored patriots of the American Revolution: with sketches of several distinguished colored persons: to which is added a brief survey of the condition and prospects of colored Americans/ by Willi....
Kelly Miller's history of the world war for human rights; being an intensely human and brilliant account of the world war and why and for what purpose America and the allies are fighting and the impor....

http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/explore/dgexplore.cfm?topic=arts&collection_list=AfricanaBlackHistory&col_id=147 (3885 words)



Independence

North American energy independence North American energy independence is a goal of many advocates of enhanced North Amer...
War of Independence of 1857 This article should be merged with Indian Mutiny, upon the resolution of the dispute regardi...
Wars of Scottish Independence The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of campaigns launched after the 1296.

http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/independence.html (1417 words)



American Civil War - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch

This includes the Second War of Independence, to claim that the South carried on the tradition of the early American republic.
Southern partisans have claimed that this term, too, is inaccurate, since they believed that the war was really about allowing the South to be independent or not, preferring to call it the War of Southern Independence instead.
One of the reasons that the US Civil War wore on as long as it did and the battles were so fierce was that leaders on both sides had formerly served in the United States Armed Forces together, many including Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee during the Mexican-American War between 1846 and 1848.

http://encyclopedia.worldsearch.com/american_civil_war.htm (4920 words)



Free Essay The Mexican Independence Movement

According to Brune Leones The Mexican War of Independence the Criollo resentment in particular had greatly weakened the relations between New Spain and its mother country by the start of the 19th century.
Besides the military aspects, the American and Mexican independence were incredibly similar in the reasons for seeking independence and the first outcomes after independence.
The Mexican leaders were dismayed by these liberal political tendencies in Spain, but their biggest concern was the instability of Spain.

http://www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=34 (1711 words)



At the beginnings....

The main problem for the Cuban independence fighters in all their wars was what to do with the large numbers of Spanish prisoners.
British opponents of the the Boer War charged their country had copied Spanish tactics in Cuba when it herded Boer civilian populations into concentration camps to isolate Boer guerrillas.
Unknowingly, the Dominicans were drifting apart from the kind of Spanish-American identity that defined their Cuban and Puerto Rican neighbors.

http://www.worldlymind.org/garcia.htm (1711 words)



TeacherSource . Recommended Books . Social Studies PBS

This encyclopedia of American patriotism is organized in sections covering the flag; visions of America; portraits of Americans; rule of law; freedom; freedom of speech and press; freedom of religion; the right to be left alone; equality; the individual; war and peace; work, opportunity, and invention; and the land.
Sir Gregor Macgregor fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the South American wars for independence under Simon Bolivar.
In 1823, Macgregor, now a self-styled Central American prince, convinced a group of Scots to immigrate to his nation of Poyais.

http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/recommended/social_studies/bk_9-12.shtm (8306 words)



The New York Review of Books: The World Is Round

Friedman's advocacy of American energy independence illustrates the error of a unidirectional view of history.
In this and other countries, American energy independence could well further the advance of radical Islam.
In an American setting these may be useful proposals, and it is strange that in the countries that have been most exposed to the disruptive effects of globalization Friedman appears to favor neoliberal policies of the most conventional kind.

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/18154 (3807 words)



tbmmgov.html

Recovery of the lands lost to tsarists in 1877 and 1914 was completed by Karabekir and the TBMM-Bolshevik border formally recognized.182 The Turkish War of Independence formally continued until the ratification of the Lausanne Treaty.
On 31 July, the Commission began interviews of all political parties.30 Despite the censorship, on 1 August 1919, Istanbul newspapers report the arrival in Istanbul of an American Delegation, which contacted the representatives of all political parties there.
Karabekir's gtlerim was reprinted, combined with his ocuk Davamiz (Istanbul, 1990) This paper makes extensive use of Karabekir's records, as they exhibit the nature of an archive, containing copies of actual documents, as opposed to an analytical history treatise.

http://www.angelfire.com/on/paksoy/tbmmgov.html (15420 words)



First War- Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is the most important of all American historical documents.
The overtures of the First Continental Congress in 1774 came to nothing, discontent grew, and as the armed skirmishes at Lexington and Concord (Apr. 19, 1775) developed into the American Revolution, many members of the Second Continental Congress of Philadelphia followed the leadership of John Hancock, John Adams, and Samuel Adams in demanding independence.
It is essentially a partisan document, a justification of the American Revolution presented to the world; but its unique combination of general principles and an abstract theory of government with a detailed enumeration of specific grievances and injustices has given it enduring power as one of the great political documents of the West.

http://www.angelfire.com/ny5/firstwar77/dofind.html (15420 words)



The Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922

The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) established the present boundaries of Turkey, except for the disputed region of Alexandretta.Under a separate agreement negotiated at Lausanne in 1923, approximately 1.5 million Greeks living in Turkey were repatriated to Greece, and approximately 800,000 Turks living in Greece and Bulgaria were resettled in Turkey.(from History on Encyclopedia.com 2002).
The Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs documents relating to the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922.
He is particularly concerned to elaborate the contrasting and complementary eastern and western strategies which preserved the delicate balance of Bolshevic friendship (but not control) and western hostility (but eventual friendship) and the same time permitted Turkey to reach a modus vivendi with Caucasian and Arab neighbours."(part of review by American Historical Review; Feb77, Vol.

http://www.albany.edu/~pd6062/pathfinder.html (3370 words)



Bolívar's War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

These wars eventually led to the independence of several South American states from the colonial rule of Spain.
Bolívar's War refers to a series of independence wars in South America from 1811 to 1825 led by the famous South American nationalist and general Simón Bolívar.
After defeat in Venezuelan War of Independence in 1811-1812 rebel leader Simón Bolívar fled to New Granada and returned with a new army, while the war had entered a tremendously violent phase.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivar's_War (1006 words)



Guyana: The Shape Of Guyana

The booklet represented to the American people that Venezuelan territory was being gradually absorbed by the British in defiance of the Monroe Doctrine, an allegation which was then picked up by the press with some animation.
The war was to last eighty years, during the course of which the Dutch hammered the Spaniards in the colonial theatre as well as at home, and attempted to set up colonies in the Americas.
She claimed in front of the seventeenth session of the UN General Assembly that Venezuelan rights to territory had been ignored by the tribunal which had settled the frontier, and that the whole award had been the result, not of a judicial process, but of a political deal.

http://www.guyana.org/features/shape_guyana.html (5499 words)