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| | Vinland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | While the theory that Vinland was further south is a legitimate line of inquiry, for some the motivation to search Vinland further south could have been more personal to justify or romanticize the later (post-Columbian) history of Scandinavian colonization of areas in the present-day United States. | | | The first scholarly theory for the idea was put forth in 1837 by Danish literary historian and antiquarian Carl Christian Rafn in his book Antiquitates Americanæ. | | | The first discovery made by Leif was according to the stories Helluland ("flatstone land"), possibly Baffin Island. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinland
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| | ScienceDaily: Vindication For Vinland Map: New Study Supports Authenticity |
| | Recent conclusions that the storied Vinland Map is merely a clever forgery are based on a flawed understanding of the evidence, according to a scientist at the Smithsonian Institution. | | | Scientists Determine Age Of New World Map; "Vinland Map" Parchment Predates Columbus's Arrival In North America (July 30, 2002) -- Scientists from the University of Arizona, the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the Smithsonian Institution have used carbon-dating technology to determine the age of a... | | | Results from last year's study debunking the map's authenticity can also be construed to boost the validity of its medieval origins, the scientist claims. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/11/031128083243.htm
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| | Vinland Map - review article by Paul Saenger |
| | At the first Vinland Map conference in 1966, Witten had disingenuously claimed that he had personally visited the library from which the map had come, which he described as `a private library of fairly large dimensions. | | | The denial was prompted by the fact that Ferrajoli, from whom Rauch had acquired both codices, had been imprisoned by the Franco regime for thefts from this source. | | | Instead, Washburn's added essay, citing an unpublished article of Ardell Abrahamson, muses on the possible presence of the Vinland Map in Columbus's library without offering any solid evidence whatsoever. |
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http://www.maphistory.info/saenger.html
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| | Vinland the Good |
| | From the artic regions of northern Canada to Mexico and from the East Coast all the way to Minnesota alleged clues to Vinland and the extent of the Norse voyages have been 'found.' Some are obvious forgeries and fakes, others may legitimately offer some bona fide evidence. | | | Truth has been cast aside to support Ingstad's untenable claims for this bleak, yet undeniably Norse outpost. | | | This despite the simple fact that not one shred of the historical saga evidence matched the site. |
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http://users.adelphia.net/~kmjviking/Vinland_Main.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pre-Columbian Discovery of America |
| | We also learn from the well-informed geographer that Thorfinn Karlsefni, setting out later to seek Vinland the Good, came to a country "where this land was supposed to be". | | | The last historical notice of Vinland relates to the year 1121. | | | As Leif on the same voyage rescued some shipwrecked mariners from certain death, he was surnamed "the Lucky". |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01416a.htm
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| | SCMRE Without Comparative Studies of Inks, What Do We Know About the Vinland Map? |
| | The men also observed that the worm-holes, which are evident in, and which had been repaired on, the Vinland Map, matched the worm-holes of the SH. | | | While this new evidence did not deter some people who believed the Map to be authentic, others developed new doubts about its authenticity. | | | This report of the presence of anatase, in 1974, created a new round of controversy regarding the Vinland Map. |
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http://www.si.edu/scmre/learning/vinland_map_ink.htm
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| | Vinland 1996 |
| | Reading the old accounts, I get a strong intuition that after Eriksson& larger party abandoned Vinland, parties from Scandinavia – the territories of what we know today as Iceland,Norway, Denmark, and Sweden were Differently arranged then—tried to return to Vinland and never made it back home. | | | In Vinland they found Quartzite and Anthracite coal, you can’t find these things on the East Coast. | | | Regular sea travel through the northwest passage never resumed, though special parties led by the heaviest ice breakers can navigate the area [if the purpose, of the voyage justifies the immense cost.]It has been centuries since people thought of the Arctic Ocean as open sea |
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http://forest.facts.tripod.com/vinland1996.htm
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| | Vinland Map |
| | These vague “New Lands” in the east are drawn to nicely balance the new lands of Greenland and Vinland in the west, and hence drive home the message of the map that there is new turf in all directions just waiting for conversion to Christianity, with no claim to geographical precision. | | | Another recent discussion of the map, one that Tim Spalding finds particularly persuasive in his excellent website "Vinlanda: The Vinland Map on the Web", is a review article by Paul Saenger that appeared in 1998 in the journal Imago Mundi. | | | It is generally assumed that these lobes represent "Helluland", a barren land of flat stones believed to have been Baffin Island, "Markland," a forested land identified with Labrador, and "Vinland," a land with grapes believed to have been Newfoundland. |
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http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/vinland/vinland.htm
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| | Vinland on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Later expeditions, particularly that of Thorfinn Karlsefni, attempted to rediscover that land. | | | Long dismissed as hoax, Vinland map resurfaces; A Minnesotan's work has contributed to fresh interest in a document that some say proves the Vikings beat Columbus to the New World.(NEWS) | | | There has been much speculation as to the identification of Vinland. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/V/Vinland.asp
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| | Ice Vinland interview |
| | I did an interview with Ice Vinland to find out more behind the early beginnings of the band, the Viking interest, the French heritage, religion, and the inevitable future plans. | | | Could you tell me which other groups you were in before Ice Vinland? | | | SR: It would have been excellent with Ice Vinland on the soundtrack!!! |
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http://www.dvsrecords.com/edgeoftime/interviews/inicevin.shtml
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| | MSN Encarta - Leif Eriksson |
| | Leif lent his ship to his brother Thorvald for further exploration of Vinland where, according to some sagas, Thorvald was killed by Native Americans. | | | As he sailed, he reached what he called Helluland (perhaps Baffin Island) and Markland (perhaps Labrador) before finding Vinland. | | | Leif and his crew built shelters and stayed in Vinland for a year or two before returning to Greenland. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558409/Eriksson_Leif.html
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| | Vinland Site/Leif Erickson/Leifur Eiricksson/Thorfinn Karlseffni/Aquired immunities |
| | This peculiarity results in common belief that Vinland and its Icelandic/Greenlandic explorers are mere myths. | | | 18 landings and landfalls upon the coast of Vinland itself were clearly and sometimes vividly described enroute to Leif Erickson's famous camp. | | | The coast of Vinland as it may have been in the long ago. |
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http://www.vinlandsite.com
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| | New Page 0 |
| | The problem looms large for Alfric, who insists that, since the Norse are living in a Christian land, they too must pay the tithe, and demands cooperation from the Norwegian and Vinlandic authorities in collecting. | | | Get the loaded ships out to sea!" The Norsemen's blood is up and they want to continue the fight, but they look into that one glimmering eye and do as they are bidden. | | | Norse Vinlanders protest vigorously, but they are outnumbered. |
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http://www.althist.com/EA01.htm
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| | Vinland |
| | If I could find some mark on the coasts, that would support my translation of the Kensington rune as the Vinland center stone. | | | after a long voyage from the island of Greenland to the south toward the most distant remaining parts of the western ocean sea, sailing southward amidst the ice, the companions Bjarni and Leif Eiriksson discovered a new land, extremely fertile and even having vines, the which island they named Vinland. | | | From: "mike welch" vinland at cms.net NOMANS ISLAND, CAPE COD On the island they found some rock formations, and markings,bass river on the mainland they found the same, also remains of a small viking boat,at the upper part off the river. |
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http://www.sjolander.com/viking/vinland
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| | vinland voyages - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library |
| | ...landfall in a place they called Vinland, and established a short-lived...In fact, Columbus and his voyages received little attention from...currents. | | | Bibliography See W. Hovgaard, The Voyages of the Norsemen to America (1914, repr. | | | Caleb Catlum's America: The Enlivening Wonders of His Adventures, Voyages, Discoveries, Loves, Hoaxes, Bombast and Rigmaroles in All Parts of America, from His Birth in 1798 Almost to the Present Year, Told by Himself |
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http://www.questia.com/search/vinland-voyages
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| | Analyzing the Vinland Map : Full-text article: Olin, 2003 |
| | The identification of titanium in the form of anatase titanium dioxide in the ink of the map caused McCrone to claim that the map was a forgery. | | | The authors cited the absence of ilmenite as proof that the anatase was not a precipitated form from the fifteenth century. | | | This paper is presented, therefore, as evidence that the Vinland Map is medieval. |
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http://webexhibits.org/vinland/paper-olin03.html
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| | Vinland's History Page |
| | The following are some of the projects completed by Vinland under Mr. | | | Approximately 7,000 units were manufactured for them by Vinland. | | | The motion control systems have also been extensively modified, and in some cases, custom designed. |
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http://www.vinland.com/_History.html
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| | The Vinland Sagas |
| | ..Like most historians, I am convinced that L'Anse aux Meadows is not Vinland. | | | The story leaked out and Freydis was condemned for her evil deeds. | | | Another group of Greenlanders had joined with her family's expedition to Vinland. |
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http://www.applet-magic.com/saga.htm
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| | Vinland and the Vinland Map |
| | This page explores the controversy surrounding the so called "Vinland Map," assembling some 100 pages on the topic from every corner of the web. | | | Since its announcement and publication in 1965 the Vinland Map has been in and out of favor. | | | Welcome to Vinlanda: The Vinland Map on the Web. |
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http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/vinland
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| | TrajectoryLabs.com |
| | Long before Columbus came to "America", the Vikings came to VINLAND. | | | Fight Sea Monsters, Skraelings, Frost Giants and a host of other adversaries in this epic journey into Viking Lore. |
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http://www.trajectorylabs.com/vinland.html
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| | Vinland map - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Is a pre-Columbus map of North America truly a hoax? | | | It is believed by some that the map demonstrates that Viking explorers found and mapped the New World before Columbus did in 1492. | | | Jacqueline S. Olin, "Evidence That the Vinland Map Is Medieval", Analytical Chemistry, 75(23):6745-6747, 2003. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinland_map
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| | Vinland Map |
| | Tests support theory that Vinland Map is hundreds of years old -canoe.ca | | | To some, the Vinland map offers proof that Norse explorers discovered North America before Columbus did; to others, it is simply a well-crafted forgery. | | | Last year, the publication of two studies that supported opposite conclusions fueled debate over the map's origins. |
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http://www.mirabilis.ca/archives/001300.html
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| | Athena Review 1,3: The Vikings in Vinland |
| | Archaeological finds at L'Anse aux Meadows: Routes of the Vikings' North American voyages and the location of the various places mentioned in the sagas have been the subject of much speculation. | | | As described in the Graenlendinga Saga, Bjarni Herjolfsson was the first to sight the North American coast around 985 AD, but did not allow his crew to land. | | | Better known is the Viking explorer Leif Eirikson (called Leif the Lucky), whose voyages to the North American coasts are recorded in both of the Vinland sagas. |
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http://www.athenapub.com/vinland1.htm
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| | Civilization.ca - Oracle - Vinland |
| | The Discovery of Helluland, Markland and Vinland | | | With this expedition, the decade of Vinland exploration seems to have ended, and there are no further mentions of Vinland voyages in the saga accounts. | | | The country named "Vinland," or Wineland, began to be mentioned by European scholars almost 1000 years ago, and the name has echoed down the centuries. |
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http://www.civilization.ca/educat/oracle/modules/rmcghee/page01_e.html
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| | The Norse in the North Atlantic: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage |
| | The discovery of the Norse habitation at L'Anse aux Meadows gave powerful support for those who believed that Vinland was in Newfoundland. | | | When Leif and his crew returned to Greenland, their reports of this new land aroused interest in further exploration. | | | This expedition apparently remained in Vinland for two or three years, but eventually abandoned the effort after hostilities broke out with the natives. |
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http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/norse.html
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| | Vinland - Alternative History |
| | Eventually the colony there is abandoned as it had never been self-sufficient anyway. | | | 1100 The population of Greenland and Vinland is about 19,000. | | | Vinland, now a town and capital of the colony, is home to over 10,000 people. |
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http://althistory.wikicities.com/wiki/Vinland
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| | History of Medieval Greenland |
| | Iceland, Greenland and Vinland are mentioned by Adam of Bremen's Descriptio insularum aquilonis or Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum [Jones, 1964:85; Vaughan, 326]. | | | It is at Leifsbudir that Tyrkir, the German, discovers the grapevines which they name Vinland after. | | | Thorgils Orrabeinfostre and his crew are shipwrecked on the East Coast of Greenland, and they take three years to return to civilization. |
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http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/history/grontime.html
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| | NewsHour Online: Vinland Map |
| | The Vinland map, first published in 1965, has been called the most exciting cartographic discovery of the century -- but it's also been called a fake. | | | But in the green area on the left, in the ocean sea | | | At the second Vinland Map Conference which occurred in New Haven on Saturday, Walter McCrone came and others came and said that it was still a forgery. |
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http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/map_2-13.html
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| | Vinland Archeology |
| | This discovery indicates that the people who lived at L'Anse aux Meadows had traveled further south into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and had brought back nuts and wood native to those southern areas and were sampling the region's resources as described in the sagas. | | | In the 11th century these areas were occupied by large numbers of people organized into different native groups who traveled widely along the coast by boat in summer. | | | The picture that emerges from archeology is that Vinland is further north than suggested by the sagas, and also involved fewer people and less extensive exploration than suggested by the sagas. |
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http://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/voyage/subset/vinland/archeo.html
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| | Icelanders discover Greenland & Vínland (North America) (the s.c.nordic FAQ) |
| | There are two other references to grapes in Vinland by parties in the Karlseffni expedition. | | | Þorfinnr Karlsefni stays in Vinland with many families for two years his son Snorri is born there. | | | He name it Vinland after the grapes or because of it's good meadows. |
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http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq532.html
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| | Vinland Map and Shroud Updates |
| | For nearly 30 years, the Vinland Map and the Shroud of Turin have been objects of contention between those who believe both to be authentic and those who have analyzed them micro-analytically and found both to be fakes. | | | With some great help from my colleagues back in 1973, I found the Vinland Map to be a fake. | | | Far more serious than either the VM and Shroud or any individual scientist, I hope something can be done to convince scientists to use the proper technique and instruments to solve today's analytical problems. |
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http://www.mcri.org/vm_shroud_update.html
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| | Scientists Determine Age of New World Map |
| | In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, however, it also shows the “Island of Vinland,” which has been taken to represent an unknown part of present-day Labrador, Newfoundland, or Baffin Island. | | | The map and the accompanying “Tartar Relation,” a manuscript of undoubted authenticity that was at some point bound with the Vinland Map in book form, were purchased in 1958 for $1 million by Paul A. Mellon, known for his many important gifts to Yale, and, at Mellon's request, subjected to an exhaustive six-year investigation. | | | “Many scholars have agreed that if the Vinland Map is authentic, it is the first known cartographic representation of North America, and its date would be key in establishing the history of European knowledge of the lands bordering the western Atlantic Ocean,” said chemist Garman Harbottle, the lead Brookhaven researcher on the project. |
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http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/2002/bnlpr072902a.htm
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| | The Rhine River: Vinland without its Map |
| | The fact that Vikings did not make maps is, however, not proof that the Vinland Map could not predate Columbus. | | | Someone could have used the information in the "Vinland Sagas", which were somewhat specific in the orientation of landmasses and provided some compelling details about geology and environment, to create a map of far-off and inhospitable places. | | | The knowledge within the sagas might still have been valid when they were written down. |
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http://rhineriver.blogspot.com/2005/02/vinland-without-its-map.html
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| | Bibliography |
| | This is the most recent and scholarly publication focused on the Vinland map controversy, with a step-by-step evaluation of the problems that have developed. | | | This includes a detailed analysis of what Ptolemy expected his readers to know, and a scholarly commentary on the maps and plates. | | | It may not be the last word, but it is an interesting mix of scientific analysis, history and academic politics. |
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http://www.theprimemeridian.com/bibliography.htm
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| | SCMRE Vinland Map Press Release |
| | Collaborators from the Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education (SCMRE), Suitland, Md., the University of Arizona, Tucson, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y., used carbon-dating techniques to analyze the parchment on which the map is drawn. | | | For the first time, scientists have ascribed a date - 1434 A.D., plus or minus 11 years - to the parchment of the controversial Vinland Map, possibly the first map of the North American continent. | | | Concluded Olin, "While the date result itself cannot prove that the map is authentic, it is an important piece of new evidence that must be considered by those who argue that the map is a forgery and without cartographic merit." |
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http://www.si.edu/scmre/about/vinlandmap.htm
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| | Vinland Sagas |
| | The two accounts were written independently, though both tell of things which took place in the early 11th century that were passed down by word of mouth in Greenland and Iceland until they were written down in the 13th century in Iceland. | | | While in Vinland, Gudrid gave birth to Snorri, the first European known to be born in America. | | | It describes hostilities with skraelings, the Norse term for the native peoples they met in the lands visited south and west of Greenland which they called Vinland and Markland. |
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http://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/voyage/subset/vinland/sagas.html
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| | The norse settlers in Greenland - A short history |
| | Soon hereafter, the first Christian church on the North American continent, Thjódhildur's Church, is built at Brattahlid. | | | Leif Eriksson discovers and names land in present-day Canada: Helluland, Markland and Vinland. | | | Thus, he becomes the first person of European origin ever to set foot on the North American mainland. |
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http://www.greenland-guide.gl/leif2000/history.htm
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| | Thor in Vinland |
| | Then a break came in the weather to allow them to go out fishing, and after that there was no scarcity of provisions. | | | They [the Norsemen] stayed there [in Vinland] that winter, which turned out to be a very severe one.... | | | Source: The Vinland Sagas: The Norse Discovery of America. |
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http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/thorvinland.html
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| | Vinland map large photo |
| | This is a translation of the text written above the Island of Vinland from the Vinland map. | | | Two historical events are here described: first, a voyage of discovery by Bjarni [no patronymic] and Leif Eiriksson "southward" from Greenland to Vinland; and second, a visit to Vinland by Bishop Eirik [Gnupsson] in a specified year, viz. | | | ("By God's will, after a long voyage from the island of Greenland to the south toward the most distant remaining parts of the western ocean sea, sailing southward amidst the ice, the companions Bjarni and Leif Eiriksson discovered a new land, extremely fertile and even having vines, the which island they named Vinland. |
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http://www.sjolander.com/viking/vinland/m/vmap.htm
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| | Vinland Music - Music Camp |
| | Also there is an article by By Edwina Power titled "Vinland Music Camp: province's best kept secret". | | | Vinland Music Camp, at Killdevil Camp and Conference Centre, Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland and Labrador, August 20-26, 2006 | | | His publishing company, Vinland Music, has produced songbooks which are used throughout the province. |
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http://www.vinlandmusic.ca/html/music_camp.html
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| | Irminsul Ættir Archives - Odinic Rite Vinland |
| | The OR(V) is now publishing various OR materials for Vinland Odinists. | | | The Odinic Rite Vinland, under the leadership of Osferth OR(V), has issued the following News Release: | | | This allows all members to communicate with one another and will ultimately lead to more social interaction amongst members. |
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http://www.irminsul.org/arc/199705b.html
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| | Vinland Location |
| | In their introduction to The Vinland Sagas, Magnusson and Palsson concluded that L'anse Aux Meadows was probably not Vinland and that there may have been other Viking North American settlements unknown to the saga writers. | | | However, the nature of the literary and archaeological evidence is such that we will probably never be certain. | | | Adam of Bremen, writing about 1075 AD also mentioned vines at Vinland. |
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http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/vikings/vinloc.html
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| | Vinland the Good - Leif Eriksson & Norse / Viking Explorations |
| | To disprove the accepted myth that L'Anse aux Meadows was Leif’s Vinland | | | His incredible journey took him to three distinct places. | | | The southernmost of these, he named Vinland the Good because of its mild climate and abundant natural resources |
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http://users.adelphia.net/~kmjviking
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| | Virtual Tour |
| | While the university no longer owns these items, their significance to the history and study of the building is duly noted through archival literature. | | | In 1896, Vinland was sold to railroad tycoon Hamilton McKnown Twombly and his wife, Florence Vanderbilt Twombly, whose brother Cornelius Vanderbilt II, owned The Breakers next door. | | | This is an Official Page of Salve Regina University © 2004 |
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http://www.salve.edu/virtualtour/buildings/mcauley_hall.html
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| | Amazon.com: Vinland Saga: Music: Leaves' Eyes |
| | I also noticed that this time around the release would be a little bit heavier than the last. | | | If she was any more easier on the eyes you would have to be gazing upon divinity. | | | In fact "The Vinland Saga" is perhaps a better choice as a first time purchase when looking into this group. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0009IFEN6?v=glance
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