|
| |
| | Vichy France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Vichy France, or the Vichy regime was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II. | | | The Vichy government's claim to be the de jure French government was challenged by the Free French Forces of Charles de Gaulle, based first in London and later in Algiers, and French governments ever since have held that the Vichy regime was an illegal government run by traitors. | | | The Vichy government helped in the deportation of 75,000 Jews to German concentration camps. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy_France
(3460 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France |
| | The Vichy government gave in to the demands of the Nazis and were told to supply lists of Jews. | | | Between 1942 and July 1944 nearly 76,000 Jews residing in France were deported to concentration camps in the east via transit camps in France. | | | The Vichy authorities were directly responsible for sending over 73,000 Jews to their deaths. |
|
http://personal.monm.edu/cdelre/vichy_france.htm
(833 words)
|
|
| |
| | France and the Final Solution |
| | Mitterand was unwilling to openly condemn the Vichy régime. | | | France, like other European countries under Nazi occupation, was obliged to carry out this policy, handing over Jews for deportation to Nazi extermination camps. | | | It was thus out of a desire to safeguard the independance of Vichy that the French police became involved in the mass arrest and deportation of thousands of Jews resident on French soil. |
|
http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/occupied/final.htm
(2789 words)
|
|
| |
| | NYT 971019 |
| | For the influential writer Charles Maurras, Vichy was the "divine surprise," and his conviction for treason at the end of the war "the revenge of Dreyfus." Of course, if three-fourths of France's Jewish population survived the war, it was precisely because many people rejected such attitudes and helped the Jews. | | | From the Revolution to the Dreyfus Affair, from Dreyfus to Vichy, and from Vichy to the contemporary National Front, the place of the Jews in French society has been a recurring issue. | | | At the same time, the trial in Bordeaux of 87-year-old Maurice Papon, the first and almost certainly the last Vichy official to be prosecuted for the deportation of Jews from France, has confronted the French with an agonizing fact: Mr. |
|
http://www.amgot.org/nyt7j19.htm
(1251 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France, Free French, Operation Torch |
| | General DeGaulle does not command the support of the French people, and he is not politically powerful enough to rally the Vichy to his side. | | | Marshal Pétain’s Vichy France attempts to preserve its autonomy following its defeat in 1940. | | | The Vichy Navy considers itself as the primary defender of France’s national interest. |
|
http://mason.gmu.edu/~ssledge/situation1.htm
(1095 words)
|
|
| |
| | Occupied France |
| | France was enjuivée (riddled with Jews) or négrifié (riddled with blacks). | | | The Vichy régime were convinced that a favourable relationship with a Germany that was going to conquer Europe would be secured through collaboration. | | | Letters to the Vichy or German military authorities identifing black marketeers, réfractaires, resistance members and sympathizers, and, of course, Jews were commonplace and even encouraged by the collaborationist press. |
|
http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/occupied/collab.htm
(3002 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France |
| | In 1945 the leaders of the Vichy government were arrested and some, including Pierre Laval and Joseph Darnand, were executed for war crimes. | | | The armistice was signed on 12th July and pro-British regimes were maintained in Syria for the rest of the war. | | | Other provisions of the armistice included the surrender of all Jews living in France to the Germans. |
|
http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-enemy/vichy.htm
(3781 words)
|
|
| |
| | WHKMLA : History of France, Vichy 1940-1944 |
| | While the Vichy administration attempted to preserve as much sovereignty over German interference as possible, the defeat was explained by a lack of morale and discipline; unisone with Nazi ideology, Jews, freemasons and Bolzheviks (communists) were blamed. | | | French authorities participated in the arrest and transport to the annihilation camps of 80,000 of the country's 330,000 Jews (about half of whom were French citizens). | | | with those who worked for the Vichy government. |
|
http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/france/vichy.html
(735 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | That silence was emphatically broken in 1995 when newly elected President Chirac made a public apology to the survivors of the Holocaust, acknowledging that the... | | | formally French State, French État Français (July 1940–September 1944), France under the regime of Marshal Philippe Pétain from the Nazi German defeat of France to the Allied liberation in World War II. | | | For some five decades after the end of World War II, silence shrouded the subject of France's complicity with Germany's wartime government in the exportation and ultimate execution of some 76,000 French Jews. |
|
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9075232
(743 words)
|
|
| |
| | Rule 77. VICHY FRANCE |
| | All hexes in Vichy France and Corsica are deemed to have been controlled and fully supplied by Germany from the start of the Axis player turn in which it declared war, and may be entered by Axis units regardless of the presence of Vichy French units. | | | All Vichy French-controlled hexes in Vichy French colonies are deemed to have been controlled, but not supplied, by Germany from the start of the Axis player turn in which it declared war until the end of the Axis movement phase of that turn. | | | 77.32 AXIS CONTROL: The Axis gain control of the Vichy French hexes after a diplomatic result for Vichy France of "8" or greater. |
|
http://aworldatwar.com/eRules/77.HTM
(1808 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France, The Nazis, and the Jews |
| | Papon --- a distinguished member of the government of de Gaulle --- was tried in Bordeaux a few years ago because of his intimate involvement in the dispatch of 1,560 Jews to German concentration camps between 1942 and 1944. | | | Nossiter calls and visits the families in Tulle, Vichy, Bordeaux, both those who are Jewish (thus those whose parents perished), and those who worked for the Nazis. | | | Nossiter interviewed citizens, asking about life in fascist France, the only non-occupied country outside of Bulgaria (he points out) that voluntarily dispatched Jews to their death. |
|
http://www.ralphmag.org/AZ/vichy-france.html
(1321 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France to Be Reexamined at Conference Honoring Robert Paxton. Columbia University Record, September 26, 1997 |
| | ew research on Vichy France will be presented by leading international historians of the period during a conference at Columbia this Friday and Saturday to honor historian Robert Paxton, the Columbia professor whose book Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order 25 years ago challenged the myth of French resistance under Nazi occupation. | | | By examining German and American diplomatic records and some French materials published at the time, Paxton discredited the accepted notion developed after World War II that the Vichy government has sought to protect a nation of "40 million resisters" from the worst cruelties of the German occupiers. | | | "Professor Paxton held up a mirror and, though many in France did not like what they saw, scholars both there and in the United States have rigorously pursued the inquiry that he began," said Sinanoglou. |
|
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/23/04/16.html
(625 words)
|
|
| |
| | H-Net Review: Donna F. Ryan on Politics, Society, and Christianity in Vichy France |
| | By the time a major shift in public opinion occurred against the regime, all of the groundwork had been laid to identify and incarcerate most of the 42,000 Jews who were deported east in the summer of 1942, a project largely carried out by French police and prefectural officials. | | | Finally, this is a beautifully written work which is compulsory reading for students of Vichy, of religion in France, and of the Holocaust. | | | By synthesizing the secondary literature, while using extensive documentation from the National Archives in Paris, the Public Records Office in London and the minutes of the meetings of the French Cardinals and Archbishops, Halls raises new questions for scholarly research. |
|
http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=24917884976463
(1950 words)
|
|
| |
| | studies3 |
| | Nearly twenty years ago, while researching Vichy France and the Jews, Robert Paxton and I were struck by the degree to which the murders of Jews from France during 1942+44 were facilitated by two years of aggressive persecution of the Jewish minority, initiated and implemented by the collaborationist régime at Vichy. | | | Weisberg's starting point is that law was critical to the fate of Jews in France: “life on,and death from,French soil remained for victim and oppressor alike matters of law, negotiated by ordinary people using the tools of their prosaic craft.” These “ordinary people,” the legal professionals, are the focus of this book. | | | Weisberg, Richard H. Vichy Law and the Holocaust in France. |
|
http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/studies3.html
(3583 words)
|
|
| |
| | netWMD - France Goes Vichy On Its Jews |
| | They try to justify the violence against Jews in France. | | | When I told him about everything I had read about the rising tide of anti-Jewish hatred, he told me I was being "influenced by the Jew lobby" and that whatever I was reading was "Jewish propaganda." | | | So has the Representative Council of Jewish Institutions of France (CRIF), “the umbrella body representing the organized Jewish community in France.” Carole Raphaelle Davis, writing for The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles, has been good enough to translate text describing some of these incidents into English: |
|
http://netwmd.com/articles/article570.html
(1158 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Chiraqi Regime of Vichy France |
| | One possible reason they don’t tread that line is because of the politically wobbly US government policy toward Ivory Coast, one that essentially supports the Vichy French position. | | | For decades, the Ivory Coast has been a regional bulwark of economic development, with a secular government, full religious freedom, and a President democratically-elected in 2000, Laurent Gbagbo (a Christian). | | | No doubt, because of the Islamist rebels’ long-standing, great and continuing historical contributions to theory and practice of democratic governance! |
|
http://home.earthlink.net/~joeh/Vichy.htm
(2039 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France |
| | Through primary and secondary sources, we investigate Germany's occupation of France and French collaboration with and resistance to the Nazis, in particular in the Holocaust. | | | We also consider the turn-of-the-century roots of these responses in the Dreyfus Affair, the interwar spread of French fascism and conservative authoritarianism, the rise of a Popular Front of the Left in opposition to fascism, as well as how selective remembrance and forgetfulness contributed to forging a postwar French national identity. | | | This course explores the French experience of World War II. |
|
http://www.people.memphis.edu/~jjudaken/4061-6061.html
(789 words)
|
|
| |
| | French Culture books: Robert Paxton - Vichy: Old Guard |
| | The Vichy leaders actively pursued their own double agenda - internally, the authoritarian and racist "national revolution," and, externally, an attempt to persuade Hitler to accept this new France as a partner in his new Europe. | | | Robert O. Paxton's classic study of the aftermath of France´s sudden collapse under Nazi invasion utilizes captured German archives and other contemporary materials to construct a strong and disturbing account of the Vichy period in France. | | | His other books include Parades and Politics at Vichy, Europe in the Twentieth Century, and French Peasant Fascism. |
|
http://www.frenchculture.org/books/release/history/paxton.html
(201 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France - SZO Forums |
| | I think that if Hitler had insisted - and perhaps he should have - that German troops be allowed to garrison some strategic Vichy cities, the French would have been unable to resist his demands. | | | If so, then for the Axis to have free regin in Vichy "occupied" NA seems a bit unfair towards the Allies. | | | The Vichy government did its best to discourage other Axis troops from being based in its territory, as it was clinging to the fiction that it was an independent power. |
|
http://www.strategyzoneonline.com/forums/showthread.php?t=122
(530 words)
|
|
| |
| | French State, Vichy government (1940-1944) |
| | État français is also called État de Vichy, from the thermal city in the center of France where the MPs met, because it was far enough from the front and had a lot of facilities, and where Pétain's regime was established. | | | The historical truth was officially recognized only last year by President Chirac, who stated the responsability of French government, whatever its official name was, in the war facts of this period. | | | The 'state' was under total German control but tried to maintain the fiction of an independent state, with a French administration, especially for police and justice. |
|
http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-etatf.html
(710 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Infography about Vichy France |
| | Marrus, Michael R., and Paxton, Robert O. Vichy France and the Jews. | | | Collaborationism in France during the Second World War. | | | The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944. |
|
http://www.infography.com/content/749496711301.html
(60 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy France Vichy Regime Vichy Government Questia.com Online Library |
| | But at Vichy these widely held views were...most chose repatriation to Vichy France. | | | Vichy's Afterlife: History and Counterhistory in Postwar France | | | Uneasy Asylum: France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933-1942 (Chap. |
|
http://www.questia.com/library/history/european-history/france/contemporary-france/vichy-france.jsp
(494 words)
|
|
| |
| | Forward: Les Français; Verdict on Vichy: Power and Prejudice in the Vichy France Regime@ HighBeam Research |
| | Their object was a rafle -- a "roundup" -- of some 28,000 French and foreign Jews. | | | They acted on orders from Vichy, the former spa-town in central France that now served as the capital of the authoritarian French state under Marshall Petain. | | | Forward: Les Français; Verdict on Vichy: Power and Prejudice in the Vichy France Regime@ HighBeam Research |
|
http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:78805300&refid=holomed_1
(228 words)
|
|
| |
| | Amazon.com: The Vichy Syndrome : History and Memory in France Since 1944: Books: Henry Rousso,Arthur Goldhammer |
| | Join Amazon Prime and ship Two-Day for free and Overnight for $3.99. | | | This new book by a young French scholar is an interesting and valuable review of the changing ways the French have interpreted the Vichy era. | | | From the Liberation purges to the Barbie trial, France has struggled with the memory of the Vichy experience: a memory of defeat, occupation, and repression. |
|
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/067493539X?v=glance
(636 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | For the collaborationist regime based in Vichy during World War II, see Vichy France. | | | Vichy is a spa and resort town in central France, near Clermont-Ferrand and was the capital of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944. | | | Vichy is also a kind of bottled water from Vichy: Vichy Célestins. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy
(235 words)
|
|
| |
| | History Today: Thailand's war with Vichy France. (1940-41)@ HighBeam Research |
| | French firmness against Thailand had also been stiffened by a tragi-comic... | | | France fought a brief war with its First World War ally, Siam, in an effort to secure control over its colonial possessions in Indochina. | | | The conflict, over Thai claims to territories annexed by France, has been noteworthy to military historians solely because of a surprising French naval victory. |
|
http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:16637335&refid=holomed_1
(201 words)
|
|
| |
| | A2Z Languages: Information on sporting activities while learning French in Vichy, France |
| | Soccer is a very popular sport in France and Vichy has been the official training ground for French team that participated in the world cup held in 1998. | | | Center National préolympique is a national Centre where French matelote are trained for the olympic games. | | | Vichy has been pre-selected by the Fédération Française de Rugby as the site of the future National Rugby Center. |
|
http://www.a2zlanguages.com/France/Vichy/vi_sports.htm
(165 words)
|
|
| |
| | The city of Vichy, France |
| | At this same period, the Vichy waters were recognized by the Medical Academy for their qualities. | | | The city and Thermal Spa were renovated and Vichy was not only a resort to take the waters, but also a place of pleasure and elegance. | | | Being situated in the heart of France in the Auvergne mountainous region, Vichy is in fact the French city which has most thermal spa springs. |
|
http://www.vichy.com/us/labos/source/source01.htm
(182 words)
|
|
| |
| | French Course in Vichy :: Learn French in Vichy, France |
| | There are numerous cultural, historical and leisure activities to enjoy in Vichy, and the school helps to arrange activities and excursions with French students as well as with people from all over the world. | | | It attracts students from some 90 countries worldwide, including China, Germany, Japan, Spain and Switzerland, many of whom tend to be in their 20s and 30s - although all ages are attracted to the area. | | | Since the visits of Napoleon III in the 1860s, people have swarmed to this beautiful spa town seeking relief from ailments such as rheumatism and arthritis in its curative thermal baths, whose mineral water is literally on tap due to the underlying topography. |
|
http://www.cactuslanguage.com/en/languages/french/france/vichy.php
(500 words)
|
|
| |
| | Vichy, France : Vichy Hotels |
| | This is the hotels listing for Vichy, France on D-Hotels.com, the web site for Vichy discounts and online reservations. | | | To find discounts and online reservations in Vichy, France, use our search form to check availability. | | | D-Hotels.com is an internet only reservations site that features Vichy hotels, hotel rates and Vichy reservations through TravelNow incorporating hotels.com discounts. |
|
http://www.d-hotels.com/fr_vichy.html
(132 words)
|
|
| |
| | Ibis Vichy - Vichy, France Reservations |
| | This information is supplied by Ibis Vichy but is not a comprehensive list. | | | If supplied by the property, you will be able to view hotel photos, a location map and a list of local area attractions. | | | For full Ibis Vichy information click to query the reservation system and see full details. |
|
http://www.o-hotels.com/france/vichy/ibis_vichy.html
(149 words)
|
|
| |
| | HotelsInVichy - Cheap Hotels in Vichy France |
| | The Logis de France Midland is situated in Vichy, near the city centre. | | | 11-13 Avenue Pierre Coulon, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne, France | | | The hotel ' Les Nations ' has an ideal location, close to the new parks of the Allier county. |
|
http://www.hotel-europe.co.uk/hotel/vichyprc.htm
(227 words)
|
|
| |
| | France |
| | France which is expanded 12 Nov 1942, but from | | | 11 Nov 1942 - 3 Sep 1944 Vichy France occupied by Germany. | | | - kings of the West Franks; later of France - |
|
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/France.html
(5016 words)
|
|
| |
| | Language Study Abroad - Mexico & Europe |
| | Study with us in France, Italy, Spain and Mexico. | | | Total immersion - no English spoken on campus. | | | Language Study Abroad offers courses in Spanish, French, and Italian. |
|
http://www.languagestudy.com
(68 words)
|
|
| |
| | France hotels. Search, compare and book all hotels in France. |
| | Search, compare and book all hotels in France. | | | Compare and book your hotel in France at the best rate | | | Our travel consultants are at your service 24h/day — 7d/week! |
|
http://fhr.fr/contexthandling?pg=10765&DNSType=+&...&lang=EN&setLang=true
(137 words)
|
|
| |
| | Hotels in Vichy, France |
| | You are here: Home > France > Vichy | | | Nice hotel, closed to the center of Vichy, located between the Thermal Center and the Allier river with the beautiful Lac of Vichy. | | | The Royal Hotel is situated opposite the Casino-Opéra and Palais des Congrès, in city centre near the Thermal Quarter. |
|
http://bookings.net/city/fr/vichy.en.html
(304 words)
|
|
| |
| | HOTELS IN VICHY FRANCE |
| | VICHY HOTELS > > > Plus Much - Much More! | | | Reserve your stay online using ReserveOnlineAndSave.com's simple interface to thousands of international destinations including popular cities like | | | When do you plan to arrive and depart? |
|
http://www.reserveonlineandsave.com/VICHY-FRANCE.html
(138 words)
|
|
| |
| | Ibis Vichy, Vichy MyTravelGuide.com |
| | Improve the Ibis Vichy listing by providing a photo, description or suggesting a correction. | | | Be the first to share your review » | | | Home → Hotels → Europe → France → Vichy → Ibis Vichy |
|
http://mytravelguide.com/hotels/profile-74671805-France_Vichy_Ibis_Vichy.html
(312 words)
|
|
| |
| | Discount Hotel Rooms in Vichy, France at Orbitz |
| | Orbitz is a leading online travel company offering leisure and business travelers a wide selection of low airfares, as well as deals on lodging, car rentals, cruises, vacation packages and other travel.--> | | | Discount Hotel Rooms in Vichy, France at Orbitz |
|
http://www.orbitz.com/hotel-info/FRFR/C8685-1.html
(142 words)
|
|
|
