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| | Who were Illyrians |
 | | Bopp demonstrated in 1838 that the Celtic languages were Indo-European, as had been asserted by Jones. | | | The detailed evidence on which Jones based his conclusion was not presented until the 19th century. | | | (The asterisk marks a form that is not actually found in any document or living dialect but is reconstructed as having once existed in the prehistory of the language.) The statable phonetic rules referred to earlier are not always obvious without careful observation. |
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http://www.geocities.com/iliria1
(15583 words)
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| | The Kingdom of Urartu, by Rafi Issagholian |
| | This theory is given more credence considering that Lake Van, center of the Urartian state, receives its name from the Armenian pronounciation of Biaini as Van, and that the Assyrians themselves referred to the lake as the Sea of Nairi. | | | Near the end of his reign, Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria reorganized the Assyrian army and led a powerful campaign against Urartu, but was unable to take the capital city of Tushpa. | | | The gap between Aramu and Sarduri is unexplained, and there is no evidence either for or against the theory that Sarduri is a descendant of Aramu. |
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http://cdli.ucla.edu/staff/englund/m104websubmissions/urartu/urartu.html
(2463 words)
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| | About Synchronized Ancient History |
| | The Urartian federation would thus be nothing mare than a new Hurrian formation which arose immediately following, and perhaps because of, the destruction of Mitanni in the ninth century BC. | | | Mitanni was a hereditary monarchy, supposedly Hurrian-speaking, and certainly the Hurrian language was used by them in their writings. | | | Thus, while Velikovsky errs in thinking them to have been remnants of the Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean state which he identifies with the `Hittite' Empire of central Anatolia. |
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http://www.specialtyinterests.net/anatolia.html
(2859 words)
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| | Zimansky.html |
| | The Urartian kingdom was thoroughly destroyed, not simply taken over. | | | Their presumption that it had the same sort of structure as the later Achaemenid Empire-which might well have co-opted Urartian administrative mechanisms-is highly suspect (Sancisi-Weerdenburg 1988). | | | We learn of this not from any public claim, but from letters transmitting intelligence gathered by spies along the Assyrian/Urartian border to Sargon's court. |
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http://www.asor.org/pubs/nea/ba/Zimansky.html
(3491 words)
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| | The Alekseev Manuscript - Chapter VII: Bronze Age in Eurasia |
| | This language is known from quotations in Hittite documents and from ancient scripts from Crete and Cyprus. | | | Alexeev does not list a Caucasian language family because he claims that there is no such thing; that the evidence does not substantiate one. | | | Polabians are Slavic people dwelling in the basin of the Elbe and on the Baltic coast of Germany; Slovaks are people living in eastern Czechoslovakia, and, as per Arutiunov, the Sorbians are a Slavic people occupying eastern Germany, near Dresden, who maintain a costume and speak two dialects: Upper Lausitz and Lower Lausitz. |
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http://www.drummingnet.com/alekseev/ChapterVII.html
(12823 words)
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| | Margins of writing, origins of cultures: 2005 |
| | By 581 BCE (the Babylonian exile), the linguistic landscape in Palestine had changed dramatically and the written Hebrew language was almost lost in the mist of the displacement of the Jewish people. | | | Our models of the emergence of codified language as a state project (Anderson, Bourdieu, Eugen Weber) deal with cases absurdly late for the posing of basic questions. | | | This conference attempts to set a new agenda for ancient Near Eastern studies by focusing on a missing foundation: without marginal languages, there would be no Near Eastern history as we understand it. |
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http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/IS/OIS/MARGINS_2005/Margins_2005.html
(5024 words)
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| | All Empires History Forum: Armenian Origins ? |
| | Urartu's had nothing to do with anything related to Asia according to wikkpedia.Its probably another attempt of the Turks to claim them as part of their history i suppose. | | | I have even heard of a far-fetched theory that Armenians were the surviving Trojans of the Trojan war who migrated east after Troy's collapse. | | | The Nairi were clearly Hurrian, in that the Biainili which were a Nairi tribe and which were the creators of the Urartean state spoke a Hurrian language. |
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http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=3901&PN=1
(3011 words)
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| | Orkish |
| | Whatever the cause, the language was generally perceived as singularly harsh: When Gandalf quoted the inscription on the Ring during the council of Elrond, "the change in the wizard's voice was astounding. | | | The historian Alexandre Nemirovsky, who specializes in the history of the Hittites and the Hurrians that lived in the Late Bronze Age, believes Tolkien's Black Speech may be inspired by the languages of these ancient peoples. | | | However, it is also said that Morgoth, the first Dark Lord, "had made a language for those who served him" (VT39:27). |
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http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/orkish.htm
(3580 words)
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| | Hurrians |
| | Hurrian speakers formed the majority population of the kingdom of Mitanni, though they appear to have been governed by a class of foreign nobility. | | | The Hurrian states apparently became more politically prominent after being dominated by an elite of foreign rulers. | | | While this foreign aristocracy eventually abandoned their language in favor of that of their Hurrian subjects, they retained Indo-Iranian names, they invoked Vedic gods in some of their treaties, and some words from their Indo-Iranian language survived as loanwords in Hurrian, particularly technical terms related to horses and their training. |
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http://q-basic.xodox.de/Hurrians
(1174 words)
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| | Alarodian languages: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic |
| | and Laz (The laz language (lazuri in laz, chanuri in georgian) is spoken by an ethnic group of the same...) | | | Penutian (A member of a North American Indian people speaking one of the Penutian languages) | | | The Alarodian languages are a proposed language family that encompasses two language families of the Caucasus[click link for more facts about this subject]: Northeast (The northeastern region of the United States) |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/ref/alarodian_languages
(1143 words)
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| | Urartu Special Topics Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art |
| | The precise date of this massive organized action and the identity of the perpetrators are still being investigated. | | | This means that archaeologists have been deprived of a complete and contextual knowledge of the culture. | | | These states were kingdoms, each with its own language, ethnicity, religion, and characteristic material culture. |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/urar/hd_urar.htm
(870 words)
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| | "Forgotten Empires" Remembered - Text |
| | First, the Hittites are to be seen as a multi-ethnic polity, with an aristocracy (possibly of foreign origin) ruling over native peoples: | | | The seven years during which Hattusilis claims he was loyal to his brother and his nephew may have been from his accession in Tushpa until his accession in Hattusas, and include the end of Muwatallis's reign and the short reign of Mursilis III. | | | These Urartian names were those by which the Hittites were known by the Hurrian peoples native to the area. |
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http://www.starways.net/lisa/essays/hittites.html
(1716 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Since one of these niches is smaller than the other, local people refer to them as Anali Kiz (Mother and Daughter). | | | This tradition has survived for 3000 years, and today young people wishing to marry still sacrifice sheep or goats here on Thursdays, and then slide down the channel where the blood flows in the belief that their wish will be fulfilled. | | | Nearly 3000 years ago the eastern Turkish city of Van, then known as Tushpa, was capital of the Kingdom of Urartu which ruled Eastern Anatolia, Transcaucasia and Northwestern Iran from the 9th to the 6th centuries BC. |
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http://www.byegm.gov.tr/yayinlarimiz/NEWSPOT/25/N23.htm
(1082 words)
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| | JTW News - Urartian language courses open in Van |
| | Officials from the Van Public Education Center explained that Kushan is one of the 23 people in Turkey who knows how to read and write Urartian. | | | Kushan's reply to journalists was that he's been learning Urartian language off his own back for 13 years and that he's now able to read and write it. | | | Mehmet Kushan, who's been working as a security guard for 42 years and who learned the Urartian language on his own, is to be the teacher. |
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http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=18908
(837 words)
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| | METU Industrial Engineering Department |
| | The theocratic Urartian state was governed by a feudal system. | | | The subterranean burial chambers of the Urartian rulers were hewn out of the rock. | | | the Urartians, who had to resist these attacks, became unified at the beginning of the 1st millennium B.C. and established the state of Urartu. |
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http://www.geocities.com/anadolu_muzesi/urartu/urartu.html
(1283 words)
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| | Urartu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | There is no question that the Hurrian and Urartian languages were very similar, and some have used this as evidence that the Hurrian peoples of Syrian Mesopotamia had origins in the Urartu area. | | | Urartu had absorbed a large influx of Armenians, while some modern Armenians claim descent from the Urartians; and it seems that both Armenians and the Urartians had a major link with the Hurrians. | | | Even before the Urartian empire came to an end, Armenians had been mixing with the Urartians. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urartu
(1073 words)
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| | Hurrian Language |
| | The Hurrian language has been found not only in the archives of the Hurrian dominated lands but also in the archives of the peoples they communicated with such as the Hittites, Assyrians. | | | This later surviving Urartian language is thought to be descended from a parent language of Hurrian. | | | Numerous passages, especially from the Hittite archives of ancient Hattusas, at modern Bogazköy among the Hittite cuneiform texts, have been discovered. |
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http://idcs0100.lib.iup.edu/westcivi/hurrian_language.htm
(335 words)
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| | Hurro-Urartian languages |
| | Urartian was the language of Urartu, an ancient kingdom located around Lake Van (presently in Turkey) which were there between 1200 BC or earlier and 580 BC. | | | Hurrian was the language of the Hurrians (occasionally called "Hurrites"), a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC, whose apogee was the kingdom of Mitanni (1450–1270 BC). | | | The Hurro-Urartian languages are an extinct language family of the Ancient Near East, which comprises only two languages, Hurrian and Urartian (Asia Minor and the Caucasus). |
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http://www.centipedia.com/articles/Hurro-Urartian_languages
(215 words)
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| | Chaldean - Biocrawler |
| | However, Biblical Aramaic also used to be referred to as Chaldean or Chaldee. | | | Chaldean mythology is a general term used to refer to the mythologies of ancient Sumer, Assyria and Babylonia. | | | Chaldean language may refer to the Urartian language also known as Vannic. |
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http://www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Chaldean
(349 words)
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| | Urartian Language |
| | Urartian, during the 9th through 6th centuries B.C., was used in northeastern Anatolia as the official language of the government of Urartu, which centered around Lake Van. | | | Archibald H. Sayce, an English archaeologist who was a professor of comparative philology at Oxford, was the first scholar to devote his attention to the Urartian language in the 1880s and 1890s. | | | The use of the language also extended over the Transcaucasian regions of modern Russia and into northwestern Iran and at times even into parts of northern Syria. |
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http://idcs0100.lib.iup.edu/WestCivI/urartian_language.htm
(130 words)
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| | The Powerful Kings of the Van Kingdom |
| | Oldest Urartian cuneiform inscriptions found are from the end of ninth century B.C. However, Aramaic inscriptions are also found in the ruins of the Urartian city of Teishebaini (Karmir Blur) which was apparently destroyed by the Scythians. | | | According to the information provided by the bilingual inscription on the Kelishin Stele, King Ishpuini had acquired the city of Musasir, which had been regarded as one of the sacred cities of the Near East ever since the 9th century B.C... | | | The effect of the Urartian script, together with their culture and civilization, on the neighbouring peoples is also stressed by Prof. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1183118/posts
(576 words)
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| | Urartu Mehmet |
| | Mustafa’s presentations have taken him all over the world, often to meet the few others who share his knowledge of the Urartian language. | | | Today there are 38 people, worldwide, able to read and write Urartian; 23 of those people are from Turkey, the rest from Russia and Europe. | | | Mustafa, known locally as “Urartu Mehmet”, explains how he first came to the Urartian ruins in 1963, at the age of 23, to work as a security guard at the new archaeological dig. |
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http://www.polosbastards.com/artman/publish/mustafa-kusman.shtml
(647 words)
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| | :::► Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net ◄::: |
| | This term was introduced by Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1836 to classify languages from a morphology (linguistics) morphological point of view. | | | Rather one should think of these as two ends of a continuum, with various languages falling more toward one end or the other. | | | In the past, most of the Ancient Near East and what is now Iran also spoke such languages, like Sumerian language Sumerian, Elamite language Elamite, Hurrian language Hurrian, Urartian language Urartian, Hattic language Hattic, Gutian, Lullubi, Kassites#Kassite language Kassite, and some native american languages such as Salishan_languages Salish. |
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http://www.mauspfeil.net/agglutinative_language.html
(498 words)
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| | Turkey's challenge to the Armenians - Page 23 - Armenian Genocide Forum |
| | Inaccurate theories are all we have and some are used for political reasons to “prove” that the indigenous Armenians are comers and the nomadic Turkish invaders were civilized people 90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 years ago. | | | As you know some people who have the same point of view with you that live in Turkey. | | | It seems that you even claim that the Hattians were Proto-Armenians even though they didn’t belong to the Indo-European language group. |
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http://www.armeniangenocide.com/forum/showthread.php?p=1420
(5838 words)
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| | April 2003 |
| | Though possessing a language and literature of their own (some have suggested that at least three of the letters of the Ugarit cuneiform alphabet were invented for Hurrian), according to archaeological discoveries they were apparently classy enough to collect various copies of the Gilgamish epic. | | | The local population who lived in northern Mesopotamia, at the time, resisted Christianity and retained pagan beliefs from Urartian, Median (pre-Zoroastrian Indo-Aryan), and Zoroastrian and associated influences. | | | Following convention and beginning history with Sumer, just as the Sumerians were starting to enjoy civilization and their unique agglutinative language, they were conquered by the Akkadians, a Semitic-speaking people. |
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http://www.flavinscorner.com/april2003.htm
(2370 words)
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| | Languages : Caucasian Family |
| | Ubykh (an extinct language whose last speaker died in 1992 in eastern Turkey) had 81 separate consonant sounds. | | | Many of these languages have a large number of noun cases. | | | Urartian (extinct language of the Urartu Empire of Eastern Turkey) also belongs to this family. |
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http://www.krysstal.com/langfams_caucas.html
(197 words)
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| | Chechnya, The Milli Gazette, Vol.6 No.01, MG119 (1-15 Jan 05) |
| | Russian Cossacks also in the 18th and 19th century used to kidnap and marry Chechen women, because of their outstanding beauty, as described by Tolstoy in his flowery language. | | | Ottoman Turks who had occupied Caucasus in the 16th century used to kidnap and marry Vainakh-Russian-Khazar-Mongol women; that does not make the Chechens, the descendents of the Ottoman Turks as Vainakh. | | | Ossetians, living in north Caucasus, speak an ancient language of Sarmatian (one of the oldest Indo-European languages). |
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http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2005/01-15Jan05-Print-Edition/011501200553.htm
(1917 words)
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| | Phrasebase™ - URARTIAN LANGUAGE Facts and Information - URARTIAN Statistics |
| | This is just for fun, to gauge the public's opinion. | | | Internet's largest intelligent database of detailed facts, information and statistics about every human language in the world | | | Base your opinion on factors such as how easy it is to learn, how it sounds, how well you can use it to convey your thoughts, etc... |
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http://63.217.229.7/languages/index.php?cat=336
(179 words)
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| | Deciphering the Ages |
| | "Frustratingly, no. I have reason to believe it is Urartian, a language which has only been partially translated, with a small amount of known vocabulary. | | | "This site is Urartian, from the 7th century BC, correct? | | | And even that is wrong, because the style is 5th century BC, while the writing and every other artifact and feature found at this site is Urartian." |
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http://www.anime-palace.org/fanfics/deciphering_the_ages04.html
(815 words)
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| | L.C. Subject Headings Weekly List 21 (May 26, 1999) |
| | Supply instructions for shelflisting based on the analytical added entry. | | | [sp 99-4144] 260 USE subject headings beginning with or qualified by the word Urartian, e.g. | | | USMARC LANGUAGE CODE LIST Users of the USMARC Code List for Languages should add the following new captions and code assignments: Kalanga (Botswana and Zimbabwe) [bnt] Yemba [bai] |
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http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/wls99/awls9921.html
(593 words)
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