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| | ICL - Soviet Union (Former~) - Constitution |
 | | Citizens of the USSR are obliged to concern themselves with the upbringing of children, to train them for socially useful work, and to raise them as worthy members of socialist society. | | | The USSR, as part of the world system of socialism and of the socialist community, promotes and strengthens friendship, cooperation, and comradely mutual assistance with other socialist countries on the basis of the principle of socialist internationalism, and takes an active part in socialist economic integration and the socialist international division of labor. | | | (3) A session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR shall consist of separate and joint sittings of the chambers, and of meetings of the standing commissions of the chambers or commissions of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR held between the sittings of the chambers. |
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http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/r100000_.html
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| | The USSR MGB's Top Secret Operation Priboi ('The Surf') for the Deportation of |
| | Despite, however, the reputation of the USSR's state security structures as being Number One in the world for secrecy and misinformation, it was impossible to keep the upcoming operation completely secret, mainly due to the alertness of society as a whole. | | | State-organised communist genocide in the USSR during this third, post-war stage was carried out more and more on the inter-republican level, with top secret code names and secret dates ("D-1"), although the main brunt of the operation was against only one republic. | | | From the USSR MGB reports, it would also be possible to find out more about the activities of the penal expedition's "field workers". |
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http://vip.latnet.lv/LPRA/priboi.htm
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| | USSR: History |
| | The USSR continued to support the faltering Cuban economy through trade, loans, and technical aid, a policy that gave it great influence in Cuban affairs. | | | In 1954 the USSR granted independence to East Germany, which was freed from further reparations payments but retained a large contingent of Soviet troops. | | | In its approach to postwar problems the Soviet government was motivated by an expansionist policy designed to enlarge the area ruled by Communists loyal to the USSR, to strengthen its security against future aggression, and to utilize the world Communist movement as a means of subverting other countries and bringing them into the Soviet orbit. |
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http://members.aol.com/kwiersma/ussr_history.html
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| | The Fall of Communism in Russia..... |
| | In USSR, Yeltsin and the republican governement took steps to end the power of the Communist party in Russia by suspending and banning the party and seizing all their property. | | | Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the USSR in 1985 and he introduced many reforms in an attempt to modernize the economy and make the Communist Party more democratic. | | | This caused great dissatisfaction among the people of Russia and strikes were conducted to protest against the government. |
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http://library.thinkquest.org/C0112205/communismfalls.html
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| | Theories of the USSR in light of its collapse |
| | Stalin and his heirs claimed that the USSR had achieved socialism in the 1930s and was a classless society. | | | The theory that the USSR was bureaucratic collectivism held that the bureaucracy had become a ruling class of a new type. | | | The official state ideology that the USSR was a classless society, without a privileged bureaucracy, was so at variance with the bureaucratic reality that the privileged themselves became cynical. |
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http://www.dsp.org.au/links/back/issue18/Sheppard.htm
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| | Soviet Archives Exhibit |
| | The second section, dedicated to Soviet-American relations, shows how those relations were conducted between governments, between the publics of the two countries, and between the Communist parties of the USSR and the USA. | | | These include the unannounced decisions and votes of the higher organs of the Communist Party, as well as the repressive activities of the Soviet security organs and various organs charged with controlling literary freedom and organized religion. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/soviet.archive.html
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| | Joseph Stalin killer file |
| | Thousands of people from across the USSR flock to Moscow to view his body as it lies in state, culminating in a stampede that kills hundreds rushing to pay their last respects. | | | From 1926 to 1930, he progressively ousts his opponents on the left and right of the party, silencing debate about options for the development of communism and the USSR. | | | When Lenin dies in 1924, Communist Party leaders begin to jostle for the top position. |
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http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/stalin.htm
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| | Gabriel: Policy on the USSR and Stalinism (1945) |
| | In the event that a prolonged retardation of the world revolution results in the reintegration of the USSR in the capitalist system, the statified property in that country will be replaced by private property (e.g., the destruction by the Germans of Russian statification in the Ukraine). | | | In order to avoid this danger it deliberately sacrificed the interests of the revolution by pursuing a policy which consisted of allaying the misgivings of imperialism and dissipating its mistrust. | | | At the same time we favor the most intransigent policy of revolutionary opposition to the Stalinist regime, calling for the formation of an underground Bolshevik-Leninist party in the USSR and for the revolutionary overthrow of Stalin. |
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http://www.marxists.org/archive/pablo/1945/05/ussr.htm
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| | Mikhail Gorbachev's Glasnost and its affect on Russia |
| | The silence was followed by complete honesty and unparallel information of the like that had never been seen in the USSR before. | | | The difference this time was that a liberal press had been allowed to grow and flourish within the USSR. | | | Khrushchev had previously criticised Stalin however he only let out partial truths to help his own career. |
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http://www.historyorb.com/russia/glasnost.shtml
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| | [No title] |
| | To implement the project the initiative Board of Trustees of the Museum of the USSR, including public and state chambers, should be organized. | | | Rather distant ones are "The Holocaust Museum" in Washington, "The S.Wisental Center" in Los-Angeles, "The Yad-Vashem Museum" in Jerusalem whose mission is supposed to create a visual image and to keep up a historic memory about the millions of people, who have become the Nazi's victims due to there definite ethnic origin. | | | Was it a Society used to believe in Communist ideals and its leaders and to live in self-isolation from the other entire World? |
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http://www.sakharov-center.ru/doc_uss/ideaMusUssrEng.htm
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| | USSR on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Immigrant entrepreneurs from the former USSR in Israel: not the traditional enclave economy.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included) | | | Was the collapse of the USSR entirely unforeseen? |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/X/X-U1S1S1R1.asp
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| | Report on the USSR |
| | HU OSA 300-8-33 Report on the USSR: Indices, 1989-1991 | | | Report on the USSR supersedes the Radio Liberty Research Bulletin. | | | HU OSA 300-8-36 Report on the USSR: Republics, 1991 |
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http://www.osa.ceu.hu/db/fa/300-8-38.htm
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| | Jew Watch - Jewish Occupied Governments - USSR - Jews and Communism |
| | The Vinnitsa Christians Genocide--Committed by the USSR's Jews and Who Controlled the NKVD | | | Lutheran Synod/Missouri Reports on 95.5 Million Murdered Christians in USSR by Jews | | | The Red Revolution and Its Strong Jewish Conspiracy Yakov Sverdlov, A Jew, Named The First President of the USSR |
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http://www.jewwatch.com/jew-occupiedgovernments-USSR.html
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| | Aggression Against the USSR |
| | This memorandum speculates on the possibility of a disagreement with the USSR which would result in a quick occupation of an important part of that country. | | | Aggression Against the U.S.S.R. (Part 9 of 16) | | | The memorandum then considers what the political goal of such occupation should be and suggests ways for reaching such a goal. |
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http://vex.net/~nizkor/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-09-aggression-12-09.html
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| | Modern History Sourcebook: USA and USSR: Exchange of Notes on the Berlin Wall, 1961 |
| | It is evident that no Germans, particularly those whose freedom of movement is being forcibly restrained, think this is so. | | | Modern History Sourcebook: USA and USSR: Exchange of Notes on the Berlin Wall, 1961 | | | The United States Government notes that the powers which associated themselves with the USSR by signing the Warsaw Pact are thus intervening in a domain in which they have no competence. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1961berlin-usa-ussr.html
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| | NewsHour Extra: History of Russian Coup - August 22, 2001 |
| | The coup plotters were hoping to gather public support, but that support never came. | | | The group staged a coup in Moscow in an attempt to take back the government, saying that Gorbachev's perestroika policies represented a "mortal danger" to the homeland. | | | They decided to take over the Russian "White House" -- the administrative headquarters of the Russian Republic of the USSR. |
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http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec01/russia_coup.html
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| | ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC CHANGE IN THE FORMER USSR |
| | Green Party movements in the former USSR were often linked to anti-Russian, pro-nationalist fervor, and it remains to be seen whether a true environmental Consciousness, particularly under a revival of Islam, will take flower in the new states. | | | Critics of the soviet system charged that two deficiencies in particular impaired the USSR from creating a valid system of biodiversity maintenance: (1) lack of access to public funds, information, and political power for grassroots environmental movements and (2) a flawed economic system in which private ownership rights for resources and land were not established. | | | Until December 1991, one-sixth of the land surface of the earth was under the management of a single state, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, directed ostensibly by a centrally planned economic system. |
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http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/eworks/proceedings/engeo/braden/braden.html
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| | FIFA.com |
| | Silas was a class act, and his impressive performances in the USSR proved to be the launchpad for a distinguished career that saw him play in two FIFA World Cups (1986 and 1990) and ply his trade with Brazilian side Sao Paulo, Sporting Lisbon of Portugal, Italian outfit Sampdoria and Argentina's San Lorenzo. | | | Seleçao linchpin Paulo Silas was voted the tournament's most valuable player for his role as passer and linkman between the lines of attack. | | | USSR 1985: Brazil in a class of their own |
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http://www.fifa.com/en/comp/tournament.html?static=104&comp=WYC&year=2005
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| | Russia |
| | Trotsky was dismissed from the Politburo (Trotsky was exiled in 1929 and murdered in 1940) Next he caused Kamenev and Zinoviev to argue, and they were arrested (They were shot in 1936) With these rivals removed Stalin became sole ruler at the Party Conference in December 1927. | | | The USSR was a ONE PARTY STATE (Totalitarian). | | | This proclaimed the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). |
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http://www.rpfuller.com/gcse/history/7.html
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| | Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | of the underground Marxist classic that analyzed class exploitation in the USSR", New York, NY : Free Press, 1985 | | | The Soviet leader could also have one (or both) of these positions, besides of the position of General-Secretary of the party. | | | A referendum for the preservation of the USSR was held on March 17, 1991, with the population voting for preservation of the Union in most republics. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR
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| | CIA FOIA - Overview |
| | The CIA has established this site to provide the public with an overview of access to CIA information, including electronic access to previously released documents. | | | -> Intelligence Analyses on USSR Produced by CIA's |
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http://www.foia.ucia.gov
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| | SLEE History Period 3: 1917 to the Present |
| | The narrative is supplemented by recently released documents from the old Soviet archives which show how collectivization led to massive loss of livestock and even famine among the peasantry. | | | Secondly, it reports on how each of the fifteen newly independent states of the former Soviet Union were doing in 2001, a full decade after the USSR imploded. | | | this website provides a brief but thoughtful biography of the founder of the Soviet state, who ruled the USSR from 1917 to his death in 1924. |
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http://www.coe.ohio-state.edu/mmerryfield/global_resources/modules/SLEEHistory3.htm
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| | SHOULD USSR CONTINUE |
| | What actually is USSR and what are its primary objectives? | | | This article describes some significant similarities and differences between the USSR programme and another reading programme, the Extensive Reading Programme (ERP). | | | Pupils from some schools seem to be enjoying reading their USSR material. |
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http://www.extensivereading.net/er/seow1999.html
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| | BBC News EUROPE The new world order |
| | How could we possibly imagine a world where the USA and the USSR did not compete for global domination? | | | I didn't believe him, and nor, I reckon, did many Western analysts for a year or two. | | | I remember a Soviet deputy foreign minister telling me in 1988 that not only that the USSR was pulling its troops out of Afghanistan, but that the Soviet Union intended to abandon its client states in Africa and Central America. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1480000/1480801.stm
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| | Russian / American Cultural Contrasts |
| | Many Russians today still hold jobs because of nepotism, friendships, or former party membership. | | | Russia has a history of power centrally concentrated in the economy, culture, education, media, religion, and citizens private lives. | | | Many officials in the USSR considered themselves a superior species, appointed to drive the herds of human cattle. |
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http://www.goehner.com/russinfo.htm
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| | SovLit.com - Soviet Literature Summarized |
| | In fact, the site williing accepts denunciations of any one for any reason. | | | Of course the denouncer might in turn find him/herself purged, but that's all part of the fun of the Cyber USSR. |
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http://www.sovlit.com
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| | World War II in the USSR |
| | Books on the USSR and Soviet history from Amazon | | | Italy and Romania then declared war on the USSR. | | | But Stalin could not avoid war with the Axis powers. |
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http://www.worldwariihistory.info/in/USSR.html
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| | The National Archives Learning Curve Heroes & Villains Stalin & industrialisation |
| | The USSR became strong enough to help defeat Germany during World War 2 and after the war was one of the most powerful nations in the world. | | | During his lifetime he was glorified in newspapers and films, cities and streets were named after him, and statues of him were put up around the USSR. | | | Stalin intended to turn the economy around and make the USSR competitive with capitalist countries. |
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http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/heroesvillains/stalin/st_1.htm
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| | Gorbachev Speech Dissolving the Soviet Union (USSR): Christmas 1991 |
| | This action was the final act in a peaceful dissolution of this communist (socialist) nation that had been borne out of the October 1917 revolution. | | | Addressing you for the last time in the capacity of president of the U.S.S.R., I consider it necessary to express my evaluation of the road we have traveled since 1985, especially as there are a lot of contradictory, superficial and subjective judgments on that matter. | | | Yet, I will continue to do everything in my power so that agreements signed there should lead to real accord in the society, (and) facilitate the escape from the crisis and the reform process. |
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http://www.publicpurpose.com/lib-gorb911225.htm
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| | GI -- World War II Commemoration |
| | German Invasion of the U.S.S.R. The summer of 1940, after France had surrendered, found Adolf HITLER in a quandary. | | | The more he thought it over, the more Hitler became convinced that the British hope eventually to find an ally in the USSR. | | | Before it ended, the human arithmetic could be expected to turn irreversibly against the USSR. |
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http://gi.grolier.com/wwii/wwii_6.html
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| | Illustrated history of Russia and the Former USSR.(C) Copyright 1995, RUSphoto |
| | At the beginning of 1992, just after the breakdown of the U.S.S.R., Yeltsin and his government started a hard-lined monetary economical policy which was increasingly unpopular. | | | At the end of 1991, Yeltsin and other presidents of former Soviet republics signed the treaty dissolving the U.S.S.R.; at the end of December of 1991, M.Gorbachev, (the President of the Former U.S.S.R.) leaved the Kremlin. | | | Due to breakdown of U.S.S.R and the centralized state-planned economy, many traditional economic and trade ties and markets were lost. |
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http://www.friends-partners.org/oldfriends/mes/russia/period/october93.html
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| | The Cold War |
| | Following the conclusion of World War II, technology became an intrinsic part of daily life. | | | With this came a great sense of competition, especially between the US and the USSR to become the first in everything, from reaching space all the way to proving that their political system was indeed the strongest. |
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http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/ColdWar/index2.html
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| | Music under Soviet rule: Oceania/USSR |
| | Banned for forty years in the USSR as counter-revolutionary propaganda, these books were published there during the late 1980s as part of Mikhail Gorbachev's drive to discredit Stalinism. | | | Long famous by repute throughout the Communist bloc, they would have been known of by Shostakovich, though he is unlikely to have read them. | | | Thus, like Stalin's USSR, Oceania has its "renegades and backsliders" who are arrested at night, questioned by relays of interrogators, "unmasked" and "unpersoned" for "counterrevolutionary activities" and then either sent to the "saltmines" or "vaporised" (liquidated). |
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http://www.siue.edu/~aho/musov/oceania/1984.html
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| | Bush, Gorbachev, Shultz and Soviet Education |
| | The USSR had been banned from the World Psychiatric Association in 1983 for such practices. | | | As taught in the Soviet Union, all humanities are marinated in Leninist Marxism as a matter of course. | | | Whether we agree with Martin's conclusion or not, the process he describes matches history. |
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http://www.crossroad.to/text/articles/Bush4-99.html
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| | Music from Russia and the former USSR states -RealAudio,Soviet National Anthem,russian folk music,international folk ... |
| | Music from Russia and the former USSR States | | | Music from Russia and the former USSR states -RealAudio,Soviet National Anthem,russian folk music,international folk music,russia,karelia,ukraine,byelorussia,kazakhstan,balalaika,ussr | | | As Russia and the other former USSR states rush to modernize themselves, regional traditional music is becoming an endangered species. |
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http://richka.com
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| | Brief information: Yeltsin Boris Nickolaevich |
| | 1978-1989: a deputy of the USSR Supreme Council (a member of the union's Council). | | | 1984-1985; 1986-1988: a member of the USSR Supreme Council. | | | November 1987 - 1989: First deputy-chairman of the USSR State Construction. |
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http://www.nns.ru/e-elects/e-persons/eltzin.html
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| | Soviet-Empire.com - Chernenko, Konstantin Ustinovich |
| | These words are used by the USSR to describe relations between the Soviet Union and the East Bloc states. | | | To do this he decided to have a parade of world leaders come to him. | | | He spent his whole working career a clerk of the Party, never holding a major provincial post like others before and after him. |
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http://www.soviet-empire.com/ussr/ussr_leaders/chernenko.php
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| | History of Russia |
| | Stalin, Concerning Questions of Agrarian Policy in the USSR (1929). | | | All the information here is arranged in rough chronological order, ending with some link sites that we found useful. | | | The Economic History of Russia and the USSR 1860-Present |
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http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/econgs/Rusland.html
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| | BiW: The Berlin Wall |
| | Generally, measures of the government of the GDR were expected with the aim of preventing people from leaving the GDR. | | | The meeting between US President Kennedy and the Prime Minister of the USSR, Khrushchev, on 1961-06-03/04 in Vienna ended without any noticeable results. | | | On 1958-11-27, the Soviets (Khrushchev) had delivered their Berlin ultimatum, demanding that the western allies should withdraw their troops from West Berlin and that West Berlin should become a "Free City" within six months. |
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http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/BIW/wall.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Our own strategic missiles have never been transferred to the territory of any other nation under a cloak of secrecy and deception; and our history-unlike that of the Soviets since the end of World War II-demonstrates that we have no desire to dominate or conquer any other nation or impose our system upon its people. | | | In that sense, missiles in Cuba add to an already clear and present danger- although it should be noted the nations of Latin America have never previously been subjected to a potential nuclear threat. | | | Nevertheless, American citizens have become adjusted to living daily on the bull's-eye of Soviet missiles located inside the U.S.S.R. or in submarines. |
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http://www.multied.com/JFKCuba.txt
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| | Home Page - Dressage With Alex Chterba Website |
| | Certified by Equestrian Federation of the USSR in 1990 as "The Coach of Highest Qualifications" | | | Best Trainer of the USSR in 1989 and 1990 | | | Recognized by elite trainers and riders including Bertalan de Nemethy, Kyra Kirklund, and Carol Lavell, Alex Chterba is truly an International Trainer of the highest caliber. |
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http://www.alexdressage.com
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| | Russian Gold Coins |
| | The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II preceded the Russian (October) revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks and the SDLP gained power, and the various states formed the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, which in 1922 under Lenin became the USSR, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. | | | We have now given the Chervonetz issues of the RSFSR (and the later USSR) their own page. | | | In 1991, a number of the republics broke away from the USSR, and the CIS or Commonwealth of Independent States was formed. |
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http://www.taxfreegold.co.uk/russia.html
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| | Back in the USSR? |
| | (As Soviet forces were driving the Germans westward, Stalin decreed that the city be taken back from the Wehrmacht before the USSR's celebration of the November 7th Revolution Day holiday--regardless of the cost.) This year's parade had been brought forward nine days for no other reason than to be a live campaign event for Yanukovich. |
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http://weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/980pbnyu.asp
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| | The Avalon Project : Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939-1941: Treaty of Nonaggression Between Germany and the Union of Soviet ... |
| | The Government of the German Reich and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics desirous of strengthening the cause of peace between Germany and the U.S.S.R and proceeding from the fundamental provisions of the Neutrality Agreement concluded in April 1926 between Germany and the U.S.S.R., have reached the following agreement: | | | With full power of the Government of the U.S.S.R.: | | | Both High Contracting Parties obligate, themselves to desist from any act of violence, any aggressive action, and any attack on each other, either individually or jointly with other powers. |
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http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/nazsov/nonagres.htm
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| | Russian Women Marriage Agency |
| | Often you will also find their telephone number and e-mail address. | | | All women on Amore USSR are listed with their residence address, or the address of the domestic agency they are registered in. | | | Amore USSR has gathered many women interested in meeting men from outside USSR for friendship and marriage. |
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http://www.amoreussr.com
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| | USSR Clan Forums |
| | This is the right place to express your thoughts about the forum and server admins/moderators. | | | Yesterday, 04:38 AM In: New USSR Public Onslaught S... | | | USSR Clan Forums latest news: UT 2004 Patch Released! |
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http://www.ussrclan.com/forums
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| | CCCP Hockey International: 1954-1991 |
| | And, like in the other hockey projects at chidlovski.com, no hockey league, no federation, no specific product, no political system are being intentionally endorsed by this project. | | | The Hockey CCCP International web project is a tribute to the national hockey team of the Soviet Union, one of the most memorable phenomenon in the world hockey history. | | | Unforgettable moments of the world hockey of the 1970s captured in educational mini web clips with commentaries and game analysis by guest speakers including legendary players, coaches, writers and more. |
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http://www.chidlovski.com/personal/1954
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