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| | Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Although there were many ethnic Jews in the Soviet Union, actual practice of Judaism was rare in Communist times. | | | The signing of the treaty, however, was interruped by the August Coup - an attempted coup d'état against Mikhail Gorbachev by conservative members of the Communist Party. | | | Although myriad bureaucracies were involved in the formation and execution of Soviet foreign policy, the major policy guidelines were determined by the Politburo of the Communist Party. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet
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| | Soviet Archives Exhibit |
| | These include the unannounced decisions and votes of the higher organs of the Communist Party, as well as the repressive activities of the Soviet security organs and various organs charged with controlling literary freedom and organized religion. | | | They include material from archives that had been key working files of the Communist rulers until August 1991: the archives of the Central Committee, the Presidential archive, and the KGB. | | | But the documents that the Library of Congress has here chosen from the 500 made available from the Russian archives cover the entire range of Soviet history from the October Revolution of 1917 to the failed coup of August 1991. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/soviet.archive.html
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| | Soviet Jewry Movement |
| | The protest movement on behalf of Soviet Jewry, which spread throughout the United States and other Jewish communities during the 1960s and 1970s, was in large measure a response to the Holocaust. | | | To cite one example: When Soviet performers visited the United States, whether they were a small string quartet or the world renowned Bolshoi Ballet, they were greeted by Jewish pickets demanding rights for Soviet Jews. | | | Cartoons of Israeli General Moshe Dayan routinely appeared in Soviet newspapers showing him wearing an armband with the Nazi swastika. |
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http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Human_Rights/sjmove.html
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| | Glossary of Organisations: So |
| | The Soviet was the axis of all events, every thread ran towards it, every call to action emanated from it. | | | The Petersberg Soviet also seized a print shop to begin issuing their own newspaper: Izvestiya Soveta Robochikh Deputatov, what would later be called simply Izvestia. | | | While the party laid claims to representation of the working class, it was not an organ of working class power: according to Lenin only Soviets, i.e. |
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http://www.marxists.org/glossary/orgs/s/o.htm
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| | Modern History Sourcebook: Stalin's Purges, 1935 |
| | The main lesson which the Party organizations had to draw from the trials of the persons implicated in the foul murder of S. Kirov was that they must put an end to their own political blindness and political heedlessness, and must increase their vigilance and the vigilance of all Party members.... | | | To such depths of duplicity and villainy had these people sunk that Zinoviev, who was one of the organizers and instigators of the assassination of S. Kirov, and who had urged the murderer to hasten the crime, wrote an obituary of Kirov speaking of him in terms of eulogy, and demanded that it be published. | | | Soon afterwards the existence of an underground counter-revolutionary organization called the "Moscow Centre" was discovered. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1936purges.html
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| | Soviet Democide |
| | Millions were sent to the Gulags, Soviet concentration camps, where perhaps 20% of all prisoners died. | | | As an all-powerful state, the Soviet government attracted the most depraved people who then unleashed the worst depravity. | | | In 1919, hundreds of thousands of Don Cossacks were slaughtered in wholesale murder. |
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http://www.freedomsnest.com/rummel_soviet.html
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| | At Cold War's End: US Intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989-1991 |
| | In one case, a CIA study on the petroleum industry may have led the Soviet leadership to change an economic policy headed for disaster. | | | Many consider the Soviet Union's sudden about-face on German unification in mid-1990 a surprise, a miracle, or a mystery that still eludes a convincing explanation. | | | In 1988, when the Reagan administration complained that a large, phased-array radar located near Krasnoyarsk (Siberia) violated the 1972 US-Soviet ABM Treaty, the Soviet military denied the US charge, falsely claiming that the radar's sole purpose was to track artificial Earth satellites and other space objects. |
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http://www.cia.gov/csi/books/19335/art-1.html
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| | InfoUkes: Ukrainian History -- World War II in Ukraine |
| | For almost a half century Soviet and Ukrainian archives were closed to historians but today it is possible to do scholarly research in Ukraine and Moscow. | | | This article is dedicated to the memory of three relatives in Ukraine I never saw. | | | For example, one American encyclopedia of World War II does not even include an entry on Ukraine. |
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http://www.infoukes.com/history/ww2
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| | Modern History Sourcebook: The Brezhnev Doctrine, 1968 |
| | We cannot ignore the assertions, held in some places, that the actions of the five socialist countries run counter to the MarxistLeninist principle of sovereignty and the rights of nations to selfdetermination. | | | Dubcek's movement, known as the "Prague Spring," was suppressed in an invasion. | | | Discharging their internationalist duty toward the fraternal peoples of Czechoslovakia and defending their own socialist gains, the U.S.S.R. and the other socialist states had to act decisively and they did act against the antisocialist forces in Czechoslovakia. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1968brezhnev.html
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| | The Peace Encyclopedia: Socialism |
| | Although Stalin said that anti-Semitism was the most dangerous sequel of cannibalism, his name will remain associated with an absurd variety of anti-Semitism born in certain socialist countries under the new name of anti-Zionism...a sad, ridiculous, reactionary, and very dangerous phenomenon. | | | Note the date; this publication, the official organ of the Union of Czechoslovak Journalists, was still (to its cost) faithful to the milder line inaugurated in January 1968, before the Soviet invasion. |
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http://www.yahoodi.com/peace/socialism.html
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| | CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: The Record Versus the Charges |
| | ``Charges that CIA did not see and report the economic decline, societal deterioration, and political destabilization that ultimately resulted in the breakup of the Soviet Union simply are contradicted by the record.'' | | | CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: The Record Versus the Charges |
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http://www.odci.gov/csi/monograph/russia/3496toc.html
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| | V.Bukovsky, Soviet Archive |
| | Ideology and Politics of Soviet Communist Party (KPSS) | | | Chronological List of All Documents with section cross-references (in Russian) | | | Structure of "Soviet Archive" done by Leonid Chernikhov |
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http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/%7Ekaplan/IRUSS/BUK/GBARC/buk.html
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| | August 23, 1939 - Nazis and Soviets Sign Pact |
| | On the occasion of the signature of the Non-Aggression Pact between the German Reich and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics the undersigned plenipotentiaries of each of the two parties discussed in strictly confidential conversations the question of the boundary of their respective spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. | | | The Government of the German Reich and The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | | | News of the Pact stunned the world and paved the way for the beginning of World War Two with Hitler assured the Germans would not have to fight a war on two fronts. |
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http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pact.htm
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| | MILNET: The Former Soviet Union |
| | The former Yugoslavia has splintered into a number of pieces, typially along pre-Soviet ethnic lines, and ancient pre-Soviet predjudices and grudges have resulted in ethnic cleansing which required U.S., Russian, and European intervention to save entire ethnic groups from anhilation. | | | The Soviets have formed global alliances which help them to project their power globally. | | | NOTE: Because of the breakup of the former Soviet Union, many of the facts and analysis are obsolete. |
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http://www.milnet.com/soviet.htm
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| | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The union supported Communist Party policies and was the defender and interpreter of the single Soviet literary method, Socialist Realism. | | | Overview of this intelligence organization of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. | | | Contains an article that traces the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States of America. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105999?tocId=9105999
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| | The Absolutely Weird Bookshelf, Soviet Science Fiction books |
| | It found the perfect niche to critcally look at Soviet society and avoid the Gulag; what are you going to do, if you are the Authorities, ban space travel stories and robot adventures? | | | The repressive world of the former Soviet Union produced some dazzlingly imaginative science fiction books, a few of which we offer for you. | | | Great story, long suppressed by the Soviets (written in the 1920's). |
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http://www.strangewords.com/weirdbooks/ussr.html
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| | Documents Related to the Cold War |
| | Letter from Loy W. Henderson to Secretary of State Connelly on the creation of the state of Israel, December 11, 1945 | | | Soviet Plans to Establish the COMINFORM in Early 1946: New Evidence from the Hungarian Archives, by Csaba Bekes | | | The note accuses the Soviet Government of reneging on negotiated agreements aimed at resolving the Berlin Crisis and pledges to refer the actions of the Soviet Government to the United Nations Security Council. |
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http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/coldwar.htm
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| | Great Soviet Encyclopedia |
| | himself persecuted for his rejection of Soviet dogmatism. | | | days, it's the breakaway states of the former Soviet Union that... | | | Solzhenitsyn was a courageous Soviet dissident and that's why... |
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http://www.wikiverse.org/great-soviet-encyclopedia
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| | soviet on Encyclopedia.com |
| | The first soviets were revolutionary committees organized by Russian socialists in the Revolution of 1905 among striking factory workers. | | | The constitution of 1936 abolished the division of the electorate into occupational classes and instituted elections of all soviets by direct universal suffrage, but all levels were dominated by the Communist party's parallel hierarchy. | | | They were led by a central executive committee, which included not only Bolsheviks, but also Mensheviks (see Bolshevism and Menshevism) and members of the Socialist Revolutionary party. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/s1/soviet.asp
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| | Soviet Submarines |
| | This Soviet Charlie-class SSGN in the South China Sea was photographed from the air in 1974. | | | The first Soviet ballistic missile submarines in the late 1950s were also diesel-electric. | | | Unlike the United States, the Soviet Union continued to build diesel-electric submarines throughout the Cold War. |
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http://americanhistory.si.edu/subs/const/anatomy/sovietsubs
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| | History & Culture of Russia / Overview |
| | Stalin purged all opposition to himself within the party as well as all opposition to party policy in the country. | | | By the end of the year the Soviet Union had been voted out of existence, to be replaced by a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). | | | The governments of the Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe, subjected to the same rising tide of public criticism, fell one after the other in a rapid series of revolutions culminating in the fall of the Berlin wall. |
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http://www.interknowledge.com/russia/rushis07.htm
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| | Russian Posters |
| | Experiments in society ended, and all forms of expression were mobilized to serve the state. | | | The New Economic Policy (1921-1927) was a period of recovery and relative freedom for a country ravaged by war, famine and bitter discontent. | | | The Soviet leadership realized that to survive, it needed any help it could find -- both in and out of the country. |
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http://www.internationalposter.com/ru-text.cfm
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| | Soviet Scientists Planned “Invulnerable” Military HQ on the Moon — Paper - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM |
| | The designer also said that the USA had also developed a lunar base project and the Soviet scientists had been aware of these plans. | | | Soviet scientists considered the Moon to be a very good place for a strategic headquarters as nuclear strikes on its surface would lose most of their destructive force. | | | According to him, the Soviet project was “tens of times” more expensive than the Apollo project of the United States which cost $34 billion. |
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http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/09/20/moonbase.shtml
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| | Soviet Union |
| | This finial was used in the Soviet Union. | | | The Red field is symbolism of the blood that has been spilt by workers the world over in the fight for their emancipation, and was directly inherited from the red banner flown at the Paris Commune; the original and hitherto “base” symbol of a worker’s government flag. | | | The state emblem of the Soviet Union (corresponding to a coat of arms) had the Earth superimposed by the hammer and sicle. |
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http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su.html
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| | Living History: The Soviet Experience in World War Two - The Eisenhower Institute, Washington, D.C. |
| | The USSR was the only theatre of war in which Einsatzgruppen task forces were used to follow the combat troops and kill civilians. | | | The Germans captured more than 3,500,000 Soviet soldiers during their invasion and sent them all to slave labor camps where most eventually died from malnutrition or unattended disease. | | | Beyond the quantifiable numbers of people killed and missing, the Great Patriotic War was a much different war than that experienced in the West. |
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http://eisenhowerinstitute.org/programs/livinghistory/SovietExperienceww2.htm
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| | Soviet-Empire.com - The Soviet T-34 Tank |
| | Some reports on the Soviet Army after 1945 still contained references to dog mines however, and there were also reports of dog mines as having been used by the Viet Minh (fighting in Indo-China) in the late 1940s. | | | Dog mines did have some success, but once their dangerous drawbacks were realised they were not used after 1942. | | | This however, was one simple idea that did not work terribly effectively in combat. |
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http://www.soviet-empire.com/arsenal/army/anti-tank/dog_mine.php
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| | UTR - Soviet |
| | Ruggiero sees no reason why they can’t and one by one they are converting audiences around America to their point of view. | | | Due to the fact that Soviet has been lumped in with this movement they are currently in danger of being ignored as just another ‘80’s synth throwback group on the band wagon. | | | Maybe it’s the nostalgia of all those ‘80’s synth bands Soviet tend to conjure when they play or maybe it’s the passion with which they perform but by the time they leave many of the people in the audience don’t want them to. |
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http://www.undertheradarmag.com/webonly/Soviet/soviet.html
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| | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
| | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Soviets of People's Deputies (Countries of the World) | | | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: State Structure (Countries of the World) | | | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Human Rights (Countries of the World) |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0850044.html
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| | The Avalon Project : Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939-1941 |
| | The German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the State Secretary in the German Foreign Office (Weizsacker) May 22, 1939 | | | The German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the State Secretary in the German Foreign Office (Weizsäcker) : August 14, 1939 | | | The German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the State Secretary in the German Foreign Office (Weizsäcker) : August 16, 1939 |
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http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/nazsov/nazsov.htm
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| | BookBag@theLogBook.com The Encyclopedia Of Soviet Spacecraft |
| | The listing of the Soviets' many Earth observation satellites dispassionately notes which were likely on military or spying missions, and moves on without moralizing about it. | | | The author doesn't present his politics anywhere in the book, and that's a relief, because more space can be devoted to the interesting stuff. | | | This book ends with tantalizing hints that the Soviets may be working on a close copy of the U.S. space shuttle, and the most recent accomplishment noted is the launch of the Mir space station. |
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http://www.thelogbook.com/read/q3-04/cccp.htm
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| | The Chairman Smiles - Introduction |
| | Posters from the former Soviet Union, Cuba and China | | | The Soviet posters chronicle the Revolution of 1917, the following civil war and the attempts to build a new society, the Five Year Plans of the 1930s and Joseph Stalin's dictatorship. | | | This presentation is built around digitized images of 145 posters: 33 from the Soviet Union, 33 from Cuba, and 79 from China. |
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http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman
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| | Great Soviet Encyclopedia Details, Meaning Great Soviet Encyclopedia Article and Explanation Guide |
| | According to Maurice Hindus, an American writer who traveled extensively in the Soviet Union and wrote a number of books on Soviet life, the first edition of the Encyclopedia is far superior to the second edition, the second edition being biased and incomplete. | | | This is an Article on Great Soviet Encyclopedia. | | | When a prominent person "disappeared", all subscribers to the Encyclopedia were sent new entries to paste over the entry of whoever "disappeared", with the goal of erasing them from the public mind. |
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http://www.e-paranoids.com/g/gr/great_soviet_encyclopedia.html
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| | Onno van Rijen's Shostakovich & Other Soviet Composers Page |
| | This does NOT imply that these composers are/were in favour of the Soviet regime. | | | Pavlova’s flowering as a composer has been taking place in a totally different world, especially in her case, as she has been living in New York since 1990. | | | Alla Pavlova, born in 1952, is one of those Russian composers who had their musical education under the Soviet system. |
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http://home.wanadoo.nl/ovar
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| | Soviet: We Are Eyes, We Are Builders - PopMatters Music Review |
| | And when more people are to pay attention to the innovations that electroclash artists have to offer, let's hope that they're paying to artists who actually have something new to offer them, as opposed to songs that sound like they should have been on some Totally '80s compilation. | | | When the time comes for the world (outside of downtown Manhattan and Brooklyn, preferably on radio) to recognize this music, Soviet will be leading the way, a veritable juggernaut, an electro-sensation. | | | Having patiently existed in various permutations since 1995, this year marks the reissue of the rare 2001 debut from the fivesome (who have been dubbed by some as the most significant electro-pop band post-Fischerspooner), and damn it, their poised to succeed! |
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http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/s/soviet-weare.shtml
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| | Gigbite - Band Reviews - Soviet |
| | It seems as if Soviet have been received well as a live band. | | | And even once futurists like Steve Strange who has starred in the "Ashes to Ashes" video, now lives with his mom and collects welfare. | | | Soviet has been described as "Dressed in red shirts with white ties and matching belts, they resembled a mixture of Flock Of Seagulls and the Thompson Twins. |
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http://www.stormpages.com/supportbands/soviet.html
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| | Opus // Music // Soviet - We Are Eyes, We Are Builders |
| | New York's Soviet was definite dark horse at this year's Cornerstone Festival, and I just happened to catch them. | | | I'm sure some will compare the sounds to those of a video game, but the "Mario Brothers" soundtrack is nowhere near as danceable. | | | I had my ideas about what they might sound like, since they're signed to Ronnie Martin's Plastiq Musiq label. |
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http://www.opuszine.com/music/review.html?reviewID=411
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| | The Moscow Times - Daily News on Business, Politics and Culture in Russia and the CIS |
| | Stalin's failure to predict Hitler's 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union was a classic mistake of 20th-century intelligence: the projection of one's own values upon an opponent. | | | In his turbulent career, dissident author Andrei Sinyavsky made plenty of enemies in the Soviet establishment -- and among his fellow liberal intellectuals as well. | | | In "Roots," a con artist arrives in a small Ukrainian town to unite Jewish emigres with impoverished locals posing as their long-lost relatives. |
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http://www.themoscowtimes.com
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| | Museum of Soviet Calculators |
| | Several people around the world have written interesting articles about Soviet Calculators, their history, quirks and functionality. | | | They've both done amazing jobs researching, and I thank them for their many fine contributions to the site. | | | These articles are available from the Article Index page, and provide a fascinating insight into the world of Red Calculators. |
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http://www.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.html
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| | History & Culture of Russia / Overview |
| | Churches are being restored all across the country, great Russian writers and artists whose works were banned are once again being honored, and the individual character of ancient cities and communities is once again becoming established. | | | ith the dissolution of the Soviet Union there has been an enormous resurgence of interest in Russia's pre-Soviet past, as well as a great deal of debate and reconsideration of the Soviet era itself. | | | This shift has not resulted in a simple vilification of everything Soviet or a naive embrace of all that preceded it, but it has spurred an unprecedented effort to regain the ancient Russian national heritage. |
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http://www.interknowledge.com/russia/rushis01.htm
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| | History of the Soviet Union |
| | It is funded by a HEFCE Teaching Fellowship awarded to Professor Acton and is being carried out by Dr King, who took his doctorate at UEA and is a specialist in Soviet history. | | | The structure of the site is very simple - this is a deliberate policy to try to make it as easy as possible to use. | | | What the site does is to integrate the Internet material directly into our key Russian history units: the year-long 'Russian Revolution Special Subject' (Level III) and, in Semester II, 'The History of the Soviet Union, 1917-1991' (Level II) and 'Gorbachev and the Break-Up of the USSR' (MA). |
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http://www.uea.ac.uk/his/webcours/russia/welcome
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| | Soviet Posters |
| | Brylov, The giants of the Five Year Plan, 1933 | | | Deni, Capital: I will crush Soviet Russia in my fist!!! | | | What the October Revolution has given to working and peasant women, 1920 |
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http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/sovintro.html
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| | Evekiss.com marriage and dating Russian, Ukrainian women |
| | Our service provides a cost effective supportive way to meet and date women looking for love and marriage from Eastern European Countries, the Ukraine, Russia and former Soviet Union. | | | Girls on our site are REAL and we are in contact with them by phone all the time !!! | | | All services for our girls are FREE and your letter tokens pay for translation and internet connection which are expensive for girls in the countries evekiss.com covers. |
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http://www.evekiss.com
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| | World War I, The Post-War Soviet / U.S. Agreement on Food Shipments to Russia |
| | I am enclosing the text of the Agreement with "Ara" [American Relief Administration] on organizing food shipments to Russia. | | | World War I, The Post-War Soviet / U.S. Agreement on Food Shipments to Russia | | | The Post-War Soviet / U.S. Agreement on Food Shipments to Russia |
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http://www.lib.byu.edu/%7Erdh/wwi/1918p/russfood.html
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| | Tinman Records Music Reviews |
| | Your favorite Hudson Rover dwelling thunder lizards are back with a remix collection of material from the bands entire back catalogue. | | | Crocodile Shop must have been stockpiling remixes for years by such talented artists as Think Tank, Collide, Android Lust, Urania, Battery, Ish, SMP, and I, Parasite to assemble for "Soviet". | | | These thirteen tracks disassemble, warp, pervert, and shatter conventional remix CD's with a mixture of jackhammer percussion, pulsating basslines, sundry synthesizers and pitchshifted vocals. |
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http://www.sonic-boom.com/review/crocodile.shop-6.html
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