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| | Eden Again, Marshland Information - Bibliography A-L |
 | | The presence of Barbus luteus and Heteropneustes fossilis in the Khor al Zubair, in the North-West of the Arab Gulf. | | | Investigations on Meiofauna and Sediment of Shatt Al-Arab near Basrah (Iraq). | | | Centre of Arab Gulf Studies, University of Basrah, Iraq. |
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http://www.edenagain.org/bibliography/allbib.html
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| | Arvand/Shatt al-Arab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The tribes on both sides of the lower waterway, however, are Marsh Arabs, and the Ottoman Empire claimed to represent them. | | | The Shatt al-Arab waterway was Iraq's only outlet to the Persian Gulf, and thus, its shipping lanes were greatly affected by continuous Iranian attacks. | | | Later, and as the Persian Gulf War was looming, Saddam again recognized the Algiers Accord in order to appease Iranians before he could undertake an invasion of Kuwait. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab
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| | annotatedreference |
| | Shatt Al Arab River is formed when the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers of Iraq and the Karun river of Iran meet near Basrah in Iraq. | | | Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a was studied on an intertidal flat of that Shatt Al-Arab estuary Iraq and one of its side canals in the Garma area. | | | Hydrographical and biological research about the Shatt Al Arab River and its marches began to emerge only about 1970. |
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http://www.kisr.edu.kw/isd/mfd/mfdlpub/shattalarab.html
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| | Iranica.com - SHATT AL-ARAB |
| | In 1934, Iraq made a request to the Council of the League of Nations to arbitrate in the boundary question but this was adjourned because of direct negotiations between Persia and Iraq that ultimately led to the Tehran treaty of 1937. | | | According to the 10th-century Arab geographer and historian Mas¿udi (Tanbih, p. | | | This is thought to be identical to the Haffar (Háaffa@r) canal, which the Arab geographer Moqaddasi (fl. |
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http://www.iranica.com/articles/ot_grp5/ot_shatt_al_arab_20040909.html
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| | GN Online: Iraqi ports catch global attention |
| | The two Iraqi waterways – Shatt Al Arab and Khor Abdullah – connect the Tigris and Euphratis rivers that criss-cross the Iraqi plains, with the Arabian Gulf. | | | Basra Port: Basra, the ancient major port of the Gulf and once the main port of Iraq, is 85 miles upstream on the Tigris from the Gulf on the Shatt Al Arab, southern Iraq. | | | It lies at the far end of Shatt Al Arab and has 14 berths but because of the ships that sunk in Shatt Al Arab during the Iraq-Iran war, navigation to this port has been badly affected. |
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http://www.gulf-news.com/Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=82724
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| | Middle East Online |
| | The push, spearheaded by Basra governor Wael Abdullatif, is targeting potential investors in neighbouring oil-rich Gulf Arab states and Iran, in addition to foreign-based Iraqi businessmen, Majed al-Tamimi, a member of Basra's Governing Council, said. | | | A Basra council delegation is planning to visit the United Arab Emirates (UAE) shortly on a similar mission in response to UAE investor interest. | | | Shatt Al-Arab is among the among the projects approved |
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http://www.middle-east-online.com/english?id=7786
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| | Iraq Terrain |
| | Al Basrah and Umm Qasr are the most used commercial ports for Iraq, though a port was opened at Khor az-Zubayr in 1979 (and subsequently closed in 1980 due to the Iran-Iraq War). | | | Below Basra, however, the Karun River enters the Shatt al Arab from Iran, carrying large quantities of silt that present a continuous dredging problem in maintaining a channel for ocean-going vessels to reach the port at Basra. | | | An area of historical dispute between Iraq and Iran, the Shatt al-Arab waterway provides Iraq with a narrow corridor to the Persian Gulf. |
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http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/terrain.htm
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| | Mosul |
| | Basra takes its name from the great military camp, which was founded by the second Caliph Omar Bin al-Khatab in 637 AD near the present town of Zubair, to control lower Iraq and its sea approaches. | | | As time went by canals appeared connecting the city with the Arab Gulf and Shatt al-Arab. | | | Under UN Security Council Resolutions and the oil-for-food program, Iraq is permitted to export oil only through the approved facilities in Mina al Baqr in the northern Persian Gulf and via the oil pipeline through Turkey through the port of Ceyhan. |
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http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/basrah.htm
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| | SHATT-AL-ARAB |
| | Iraq's stated war aims for its 22 September 1980 attack on Iran were to recover rights of exclusive navigation of the Shatt al-Arab, to regain several islands held by Iran since 1971 - Map-5. | | | Furthermore, the protocol established a Delimitation Commission on which Britain and Russia were vested with arbitral powers to decide all disputes (Articles II and III). | | | No military action, however, was taken by Iraq or any other Arab country against Iran. |
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http://www.defencejournal.com/jul99/shatt-al-arab.htm
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| | Special Report |
| | Iraq insists on full control of the Shatt as a precondition for honoring the cease-fire, and for even discussing the repatriation of thousands of prisoners of war. | | | Adoption of such a plan would also provide a face-saving formula for Iraq, which would no longer be depending upon the Shatt as its only outlet to the sea. | | | Iraq recently has expressed interest in constructing a parallel waterway to link the northern tip of the gulf, near the Kuwaiti island of Bubiyan, with the Iraqi port of Umm Kasr. |
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http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0489/8904008.htm
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| | Shad of the Shatt Al-Arab River in Iraq |
| | The absence of sbour during December-January may be due to their movement toward the Iranian coast of the Gulf near Bushire. | | | Shad of the Shatt Al-Arab River in Iraq | | | The marine stock ecotype can be also be rejected since there is no evidence of spawning in marine waters. |
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http://www.cqs.washington.edu/~hinrich/shad/JOURNAL4.2/vol4n2.htm
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| | The Euphrates River: The Politics of Water |
| | Just as the waters of the Shatt Al-'Arab impact the politics of Iran and Iraq*, the waters of the Euphrates impact the politics of the three nations who share the river. | | | Turkey blamed Syria for not properly managing the flow to Iraq, but the impact was made clear that the GAP was a major concern to the two Arab countries. | | | Engineers from Syria and Iraq claim that the Ataturk Dam will reduce flow from the Euhprates by 40 percent to Syria and by 90 percent to Iraq. |
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http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/middle_east/28688
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| | The Iran-Iraq Border 1840-1958, Archive Editions |
| | Proposed anchorage for Abadan in Shatt al Arab. | | | The Editor: Richard Schofield has written widely on the Shatt al Arab boundary dispute and on territorial affairs in the Gulf region. | | | Memo by Lacy Baggallay on July 1937 boundary treaty and proposed Shatt al Arab Conservancy Convention. |
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http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/Leafcopy/160-5.htm
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| | Commentary by Rick Francona |
| | Just as efforts to clear the Shatt of explosives and the trapped ships, the Gulf War precipitated by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August of 1990 effectively closed the waterway again. | | | In 1979, leadership changes in both Iran and Iraq brought the issue of the Shatt to the forefront again. | | | United Nations (UN) sanctions against Iraq in place since 1990 have stopped Iraqi trade through the Shatt and Persian Gulf. |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~emf101/commentaries/shatt.html
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| | The Iranian: News & Views |
| | The paper, which is run by Uday, eldest son of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, said Iraq and Iran "agree to continue their contacts on advancing the normalization process... | | | "Iraq is ready to renew the 1975 Algiers accord under which the two countries' border passes through the Thalweg, the deepest part of the Shatt al-Arab waterway, if Tehran gives up its claims to damages under UN Security Council Resolution 598," the weekly newspaper Al-Shab said. | | | The waterway is vital for Iraq, which has no other major sea outlet. |
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http://www.iranian.com/News/April98/border.html
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| | [No title] |
| | On June 2, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) detained an Iranian fishing boat for allegedly sailing into UAE territorial waters around the island of Abu Musa. | | | Yet, such a view would ignore the fact that there had been previous incidents of this sort in the Shatt al-Arab. | | | The men had apparently crossed into the Iranian portion of the Shatt al-Arab unintentionally. |
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http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=1757
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| | Keep Your Eyes on Iran - World News and Prophecy : July 2004 |
| | If this were to happen, the Iraqis could have great difficulty loading their oil onto ships at Basra, which is critical to the survival of the new Iraq. | | | He theorizes the Iranians or their surrogates are likely to attempt to sabotage the Iraqi oil facilities along the Shatt al-Arab, principally Basra. | | | A few weeks ago, Iran captured eight sailors of the British Royal Navy in the Shatt al-Arab ("Stream of the Arabs"), claiming they had crossed into Iranian waters. |
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http://www.ucg.org/wnp/wnp0407/eyesoniran.htm
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| | Aljazeera.Net - British seamen could face Iranian court |
| | Contacts with Iranian troops along that border area have generally been described by British sources as "cordial", and Monday's incident is the most serious in the sensitive area since last year's US-led invasion of Iraq. | | | The Shatt al-Arab was disputed between Iraq and Iran | | | The Shatt al-Arab border demarcation was a constant source of dispute - and of conflict during the 1980-1988 war between Iran and Iraq - under Saddam Hussein, until a deal was struck for the frontier to run at the mid-way point. |
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http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/161E2F3B-CFC6-4559-986F-3195691A47BF.htm
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| | ICE Cases: Iran-Iraq War and Waterway Claims |
| | This last part is of strategic importance to Iraq which is land-locked except for the narrow strip which runs along the Shatt. | | | Schofield, Richard N. Evolution of the Shatt Al-' Arab Boundary Dispute. | | | This is significant if for no other reason than it means Iranians identify themselves as Persians while Iraqis identify themselves as Arabs. |
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http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/ice/IRANIRAQ.HTM
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| | Bloomberg.com: Europe |
| | June 21 (Bloomberg) -- The U.K.'s Royal Navy, which is investigating a report Iran seized three of its boats, said it's unable to make contact with three patrol vessels and their eight crew in the Shatt al-Arab waterway Iraq shares with Iran. | | | U.S., U.K. and other allied warships in the Persian Gulf are accounted for, Jamie Graybeal, a spokesman for the U.S. Persian Gulf fleet said by telephone from Bahrain. | | | U.K. patrol boats that operate in the Shatt al-Arab may be involved in the reported seizure, said a spokesman for the U.K. Ministry of Defense, who didn't want to be identified. |
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http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000085&sid=aVKkobNBb3L0&refer=europe
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| | the fourth rail |
| | They were 1,000 metres inside Iranian territorial waters," said the Arabic-language satellite channel, a branch of Iran's state television. | | | The sailors were escorting boats to be used by Iraq's river patrol security services, and appear to have been detained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards in the Shatt al-Arab waterway (see map), a hotly disputed border area between Iran and Iraq. |
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http://thefourthrail.blogspot.com/2004/06/shatt-al-arab.html
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| | Gulf War Leaflet C02 |
| | Sign reads: "Shatt al-Arab", which is a prominent river separating Iraq from Iran. | | | This is an obvious reference to the 8 year war with Iran. | | | I crossed the shore of the Shatt al-Arab as you wished, and I kept you on my head (an Arab compliment). |
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http://www.psywarrior.com/C02.html
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| | Iran orders British ... - Jun. 24, 2004 |
| | The officers in the unit appeared to be reading from a prepared text, and behind them could be seen the strategic Shatt al-Arab that demarcates the southern border between Iran and Iraq and where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow into the Gulf. | | | The decision was taken in light of the British troops' insistence during interrogation that their infringement of Iran's territorial waters along the Shatt al-Arab waterway along the southernmost part of the Iran-Iraq border had been accidental, he said. | | | A member of Iran's armed forces general staff, Ali Reza Afshar, told the student news agency ISNA that "the order to free the boats and the crew" had been issued during the night. |
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http://www.inq7.net/wnw/2004/jun/24/text/wnw_7-1-p.htm
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| | The Shatt-al-Arab Waterway-An Analysis of the Iran Iraq War - Scott Schlimmer |
| | Iraqis use the Arab name Shatt-al-Arab, or River of The Arabs, while the Iranians call it Arvand Rud, or river (Tyler). | | | This is because the United States, along with most of the Arab countries and the Soviet Union, disliked Iran’s radical ideals and sided with Iraq. | | | According to a gulf expert in London, “'For Saddam, regaining full control of the Shatt al-Arab is a matter of both national and personal pride, because it was he who yielded to the Iranians in 1975” (Walker). |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sschlimm/Shatt-al-Arab.html
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| | Middle East Newsline - |
| | NICOSIA [MENL] -- Iran has begun to display three British Navy vessels captured in the Shatt Al Arab waterway near Iraq. | | | The British boats have been displayed in an exhibition entitled "A Plot of Paradise" off the Shatt Al Arab coast in western Iran. | | | The British nationals were released after three days, but the vessels were kept. |
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http://www.menewsline.com/stories/2005/march/03_15_1.html
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| | The South |
| | Its golden age was under the Abbasids when, together with its suburb Ibilla, it become the focal point of Arab sea trade which went as far as China. | | | It started by being an administrative centre and in less than forty years it had a population of 300,000. | | | Even more significantly, Basra was in those days an intellectual centre of the first order, with its great mosques and libraries, where many philosophers, scientists and grammarians flourished. |
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http://home.tiscali.dk/8x036176/south.htm
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| | Bridging the Shatt-Al-Arab - The Dogs - November 04 |
| | This meant the other occupants of the Shat Al Arab Base had something to talk about at breakfast when they realised a large part of their camp had been adopted by engineers. | | | The first task was to unload the civilian trucks; this was carried out with the minimum amount of noise. | | | Day light Thursday morning came around too soon for everyone’s liking, it also meant the first load of containers arrived and the task began in earnest. |
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http://www.army.mod.uk/royalengineers/org/21regt/deployments/1_aes/the_dogs_november_04/bridging_the_shatt_al_arab_the_dogs_.htm
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| | Euphrates River, Iraq |
| | The river used to divide into many channels at Basra, forming an extensive marshland, but the marshes were largely drained by the Saddam Hussein government in the 1990s as a means of driving out the rebellious Marsh Arabs. | | | Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the drainage policy has been reversed, but it remains to be seen whether the marshes will recover. | | | North of Basra, in southern Iraq, the river merges with the Tigris to form the Shatt al-Arab, which in turn empties into the Persian Gulf. |
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http://creekin.net/c4444-n88-euphrates-river-iraq.html
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| | Abadan |
| | It is known to Arabs as Jazirat-ul-Khidhr from a tomb situated on the Bahmishir dedicated to the saint of that name. | | | Abadan is referred to by the historian Nasir Khusrau, writing in the 13th century, as the most southerly settlement of Mesopotamia, and it is not improbable that it is identical with the site of the port Charax mentioned by Herodotus. |
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http://webpages.charter.net/BrianOtte/encyclopedia_project/a/abadan.html
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| | ISS EarthKAM: Images: Collections: Favorites: Persian Gulf |
| | Date groves line the Shatt al Arab River in the center of the image. | | | This image of the northern end of the Persian Gulf and the broad delta complex of the Tigris, Euphrates, Shatt al Arab, and Karun rivers has captured the arid-looking wetlands of northeast Kuwait (Bubiyan Island), the narrow corridor that is Iraq's only access to the Persian Gulf, and the west-southwest marshes of Iran. | | | The city of Abadan is visible at the top of the image along the Shatt al Arab River. |
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http://www.earthkam.ucsd.edu/public/images/STS099ESC02142909.shtml
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| | Institute for War and Peace Reporting |
| | Residents of Basra can point to many examples of the neglect that their city has suffered under Saddam Hussein and Iraq’s post-war governments. | | | Residents say the waterfront used to be out of bounds for fishing boats, but Saddam's relative Ali Hassan al-Majeed, appointed military governor of Basra before the war, inexplicably moved fishing boats from Fao island at the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab to the Basra waterfront. | | | Along the waterfront, small boats are moored amid floating garbage and sludge formed from leaking fuel and oil. |
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http://www.iwpr.net/index.pl?archive/irq/irq_83_3_eng.txt
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| | Brain Off |
| | Shatt al-Arab is the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, forming the border between Iraq and Iran. | | | The region of Shatt al-Arab is home to the Marsh Arabs, who quite naturally used both sides of the river for their livelihood (and hopefully will again as post-Saddam restoration efforts take root). | | | A river might seem a natural geographic demarcation. |
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http://radio.weblogs.com/0100875/2004/12/01.html
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| | THE IRAN-IRAQ BORDER 1840-1958 maps |
| | Enclosed within Foreign Office memorandum on the boundary dispute between the Porte and Persia in the Pusht-i-Kuh district, March 1888. | | | Map 18 Sketch map of Perso-Ottoman boundary as locally recognised in the vicinity of Muhammara and the Shatt al-'Arab, War Office, June 1912. | | | Enclosed within despatch from Officiating Consul-General, Baghdad, 3 September 1888. |
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http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/Mapcopy/IranIraqbdr.htm
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| | research |
| | Healthy vegetation is characterized by a disctinticvely strong reflectance in the near infrared represented by red tones in these satellite images. | | | Through the damming and siphoning off of waters from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the ecosystem has been decimated and, as a result, a number of plant and animal species face possible extinction. | | | In the pair of Infrared Landsat images above, the date palm belt skirting the 190 km long Shatt al-Arab appears as a dark red hue in 1975. |
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http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~rivers/as/mesomarsh-web/meso-landsat-animation/meso-landsat-anim.htm
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| | International Water Treaties |
| | Joint comminique between Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Southeastern Anatolia Project Regional Development Administration (GAP) and Arab Republic of Syria Ministry of Irrigation General Organization for Land Development (GOLD) |
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http://ocid.nacse.org/cgi-bin/qml/tfdd/treaties.qml?qml_screen=results&BCODE_Input=TIGR
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| | In the Red Zone: ALONG THE SHATT-AL-ARAB |
| | I repeat, may your enemies be trapped in the snares of the improper forms, the missing signature, the mis-printed date, the bureaucratic stamp that never falls... | | | At Abdaly, we turn left toward Basra, the intersection supervised by US troops, one giant soldier standing in front of a humvee like a khaki-colored terminator. | | | Farrid--the driver from the Al Baghli Transportation Company--picks me up at the Oasis Hotel. |
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http://spencepublishing.typepad.com/in_the_red_zone/2005/05/along_the_shatt_1.html
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| | Shatt Al-arab Hotel, Maaqul, Basrah, Iraq |
| | Worldwide Hotels > Asia > Iraq > Basrah Hotels > Shatt Al-arab Hotel | | | You should check with the Shatt Al-arab Hotel to confirm exact prices and details. | | | Search by Town, Hotel or a UK Postcode |
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http://www.smoothhound.co.uk/iraq/basrah31737.html
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| | theHoteliers Shatt Al-arab Hotel Rating |
| | You can rate this accommodation and the town on this page and your rating will be incorporated into the total rating for this establishment and town. | | | To register click here, or, if you are registered, you can login by clicking here. | | | You need to be registered with theHoteliers.com to rate Shatt Al-arab Hotel. |
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http://www.thehoteliers.com/rate.html?accom_id=35178
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