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| | Second Punic War, 218-201 BC |
 | | It is certain that peace terms were offered, which included a Carthaginian withdrawal from Italy and Spain, the surrender of any claims to islands in the Mediterranean and a massive reduction in the size of their fleet as well as a fine of uncertain size. | | | Instead, his plan was to shadow Hannibal, never giving him a chance for another battle, but snipping away at Punic foragers and restricting the freedom of Hannibal and his men to plunder the areas they passed through. | | | It is a sign of how secure the Romans felt in Sicily that in 216 the troops then on the island were replaced by the two legions raised from the survivors of Hannibal's great victory at Cannae. |
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http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_punic2.html
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| | the atrium golden threads roman history second punic war |
| | All these possibilities are what make this war particularly interesting, no matter how some authorities try to make it a foregone conclusion. | | | I personally believe that Fabius was following the methods which Pericles had used in the early years of the Peloponnesian war -- bring the people into the city and rely on the allies to keep one supplied. | | | I agree, however, that without a coordinated effort at sea the Carthaginians would not have had a chance for ultimate victory. |
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http://www.atrium-media.com/goldenthreads/punicwar2.html
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| | MSN Encarta - Search View - Punic Wars |
| | Sicily was then ceded to the Romans, who also seized the Carthaginian islands of Sardinia and Corsica in 237 bc. | | | The Romans were further incited by the speeches of the censor Cato the Elder, who demanded Delenda est Carthago (“Carthage must be destroyed”). | | | MSN Encarta - Search View - Punic Wars |
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http://encarta.msn.com/text_761562033__1/Punic_Wars.html
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| | Outlines of Roman History, Chapter 14 |
| | It is said that the Carthaginians, after this second defeat, desired an exchange of prisoners, and sent Regulus to the Roman senate to advocate their cause, under the promise that he would return if unsuccessful. | | | Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul.—As Rome began to be drawn into foreign wars, she became aware that her position at home could not be secure so long as the northern part of Italy remained unconquered. | | | The strength which she had acquired in her wars with the Latins and Etruscans and Samnites, she was now to use in the greater conflicts with Carthage and Macedonia and Syria. |
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http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey14.html
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| | Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.3.1 |
| | As a result of the first Punic war, the Carthaginians did not have access to landing spots in Sicily, and thus could not support Hannibal by sea. | | | This is an intelligent piece of work with implications for other periods of ancient history, where control of the sea (and landing places) proved less than decisive in the absence of an enemy who was prepared to contest the point. | | | While studies of war were aimed at the reconstruction of maneuvers on the field of battle, there was very little that the historian wary of conjecture could reasonably offer. |
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http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1997/97.03.01.html
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| | Polybius on Second Punic War |
| | Next the Romans restored to their homes the Greeks who had been accused in consequence of the war with Perseus, acquitting them of the charges brought against them. | | | But the liberation of Greece, which they announced in defiance of reason and truth going round with Antiochus from city to city, we must consider to be a pretext of this war, and its beginning the landing of Antiochus at Demetrias. | | | Consequently, he now began this war against Rome on his own initiative and in defiance of Carthaginian opinion, not a single one of the notables in Carthage approving his conduct towards Saguntum. |
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http://www.uvm.edu/~bsaylor/classics/polybius3.html
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| | Rome: The Punic Wars |
| | But Carthage soon faced rebellion among its mercenary troops and Rome, in 238 BC, took advantage of the confusion by seizing the island of Corsica. | | | The Carthaginians, who were a commercial people that depended on sea trade, refused. | | | The First Punic War: 264-241 BC The First Punic War broke out in 264 BC; it was concentrated entirely on the island of Sicily. |
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http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ROME/PUNICWAR.HTM
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| | Second Punic War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | His invasion of Italia came as a surprise to the Romans, for he had constructed no fleet, and it was believed his army could not possibly make it through the mountains. | | | This policy was begun by Hamilcar Barca, and continued by his son-in-law Hasdrubal and then his son Hannibal, meaning "Beloved of Baal". | | | Scipio then asked him who was the second. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_war
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| | Channel4.com – Carthage – Chronology |
| | In 146 BC, the wife of the Punic leader Hasdrubal threw herself and her children in the flames of the burning temple as the city collapsed. | | | In 218, what is now known as the Second Punic War broke out and Hannibal gathered his army to march on Italy. | | | Hannibal, who had spent virtually all his life outside Carthage, became involved in Punic politics, but fell out favour and went into exile. |
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http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/C/carthage/chronology.html
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| | ALRItkwRom101PunicWars.html -- Punic War Overview |
| | The third Punic war is still considered by some historians to have been unnecessary. | | | The two great historical sources about this series of wars are Polybius a Greek historian attached to staff of Scipio Africanus, the Roman hero of the second Punic War, and Livy, a Roman historian who wrote in the late first century AD, using as his sources Polybius and other sources that have since been lost. | | | The Romans thereafter ruled the waves, and the later Punic wars were fought on land. |
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http://www.mmdtkw.org/ALRItkwRom101PunicWars.html
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| | Punic Wars on Encyclopedia.com |
| | The Environmental Consequences of War: Legal, Economic, and Scientific Perspectives. | | | This Second Punic, or Hannibalic, War, 218-201 BC, was one of the titanic struggles of history. | | | The last war was the final, desperate attempt of Carthage to preserve Punic (Carthaginian) liberty. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/PunicWar_SecondPunicWar.asp
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| | The Second Punic War |
| | To his court came envoys from Rome to sound his intentions and try by secret intrigues to arouse his suspicions of Hannibal, alleging that they had bribed him and that he had changed his sentiments. | | | As for Antiochus, if he had been as willing to follow Hannibal's advice in the conduct of the war as he had been in declaring it, he would not have fought for the rule of the world at Thermopylae, but nearer to the Tiber. | | | But the disparagement of the multitude overcame the courage of one man. Yet after all, he so cherished the hatred of the Romans which had, as it were, been left him as an inheritance by his father, that he would have given up his life rather than renounce it. |
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http://www.corvalliscommunitypages.com/Africa_Mideast/islamicspain_mideast/second_punic_war.htm
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| | Hannibal's War: A Military History of the Second Punic War |
| | Scipio Africanus' rise is also well-documented, his bold campaign in Spain particularly stands out, but Lazenby places him second in skill to Hannibal. | | | The bulk of Lazenby's work is a synthesis of the two main ancient sources: the Greek Polybius who wrote about 50 years after the war and the Roman historian Livy who wrote his account about 200 years after the war. | | | Although the spotlight is on Hannibal, Lazenby views the Second Punic War as crucial to the evolution of the Roman Republic into a true empire. |
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http://www.iyares.com/amazon/details.aspx?id=0806130040
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| | Scipio Africanus - Britannica Concise |
| | His political opponents, led by Cato, accused Scipio and his brother Lucius of offering too lenient terms to Macedonia after their engagement there and of not being able to account for money supposedly received in those terms. | | | Scipio Africanus - Roman general noted for his victory over the Carthaginian leader Hannibal in the great Battle of Zama (202), ending the Second Punic War. | | | Scipio Africanus - Roman general famed both for his exploits during the Third Punic War (149–146) and for his subjugation of Spain (134–133). |
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http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9378004
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| | Hannibal - a biography |
| | Rome countered this by an alliance with the Greek towns in Aetolia, who started a war against Macedonia. | | | Later, Hannibal had to flee again: this time, he found refuge in Bithynia, which he supported in its war against Pergamon. | | | This battle is also known as the battle of Naraggara. |
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http://www.livius.org/ha-hd/hannibal/hannibal.html
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| | Punic wars |
| | Then Hannibal did the totally unexpected: he set off in northern direction and brought with him large troops including elephants. | | | Collective name on the wars between the Punic (the Romans used the name Poeni on the people of Carthage) city state of Carthage (now outside Tunis, Tunisia) and Rome, the first war starting in 264 BCE, and the last ending in 146. | | | But the memory of the former Punic wars was strong in Rome; many hated the Carthaginians especially because there seemed to be nothing that could force them on their knees. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/punic_wr.htm
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| | Punic War Links |
| | Map of the Carthaginean Empire 215 B.C. The Second Punic War: 218-202 BC from WebChron: The Web Chronology Project | | | The Punic Wars Description of the wars from History of Western Civilization course at Boise State University. | | | Battles of the Second Punic War a list of the battles |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Thebes/4194/punic.html
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| | Battles of the Second Punic War - Eduseek |
| | Contact us : Comments and Suggestions : Map | | | Subjects > History > 12+ Years > Conflict and War > Ancient Wars and Conflicts > Punic Wars > Second Punic War > Battles of the Second Punic War | | | Battles of the Second Punic War - Eduseek |
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http://www.eduseek.com/navigate.php?ID=39
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| | Third Punic War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In the years between the Second and Third Punic War, Rome was engaged in the conquest of the Hellenistic empires to the east (see Macedonian Wars, Illyrian Wars, and Antiochus III) and ruthlessly suppressing the Iberian people in the west, although they had been essential to the Roman success in the Second Punic War. | | | The Punic Wars were so named because of the Roman name for Carthaginians: Punici, or Poenici. | | | The Romans still harboured a bitter hatred for Carthage, which had nearly destroyed them in the Second Punic War. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Punic_War
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| | Outlines of Roman History, Chapter 15 |
| | At the death of his father and uncle, he had been intrusted with the conduct of the war in Spain. | | | The first Punic war had been a struggle with the greatest naval power of the Mediterranean, but the second Punic war was to be a conflict with one of the greatest soldiers that the world has ever seen. | | | The War carried into Africa.—Scipio now organized his new army, which was made up largely of volunteers, and equipped by patriotic contributions. |
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http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey15.html
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| | Special Project 1: Tangent Deliverable |
| | Hannibal was brought to the ongoing territorial wars there by his father in 237 BC. | | | This tactic proved successful, as not only did Scipio meet up with the Numidian cavalry, but it also gave him a better camp for his army before the battle, unlike Hannibal whose camp was far from any water sources. | | | The first Punic War, as it was known, ended in 241 when Hannibal was 6 years old. |
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http://www.travelin-tigers.com/zhs/proj1d.htm
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| | Dylan |
| | In the Shadow of Hannibal or Scipio Africanus and the Second Punic War | | | The man who would eventually come to defeat Hannibal, and put an end to the war, mysteriously remains in his shadow. | | | When asked who the second greatest was Hannibal exclaimed Pyrrhus for his teaching of castrametation and art of winning men over. |
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http://babel.massart.edu/~bobdylan/Rome.html
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| | [No title] |
| | A great military leader arose from this war and his name was Hannibal. | | | The Second Punic War is one of the most famous wars in Rome’s history. | | | This is where the climax of this phase of the war occurred. |
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http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/t/a/tad204/hannibal.txt
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| | Punic War - History Forum |
| | Carthage is an ancient empire and Rome had 3 wars against her. | | | |---- World War I and II |-- People and Ethnology | | | The first Punic War was started over the city of Messina. |
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http://www.simaqianstudio.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=1447
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| | Second Punic War: 218-202 BC |
| | This policy was started by the great leadership of Hamilcar Barca and continued under his son, Hannibal. | | | In the Second Punic War, with his masterful war tactics, Hannibal wreaked havoc all over Italy under harsh conditions. | | | The term "punic" comes from the Latin "poeni," which means "Phoenician" and refers to the Carthaginians. |
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http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/Mediterranean/2ndPunic.html
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| | The Middle Republic: Fabius Maximus |
| | Late in the war Fabius attacked Bruttium, which had taken advantage of Hannibal's presence to revolt from Rome, and Tarentum, which was held by Hannibal. | | | Fabius Maximus was a Roman hero of the Second Punic War, in which the Carthaginian general Hannibal threatened the very existence of Rome. | | | Rome and Carthage fought three wars with Carthage (called the 'Punic Wars'; the Roman name for the Carthaginians was 'Poeni'): First Punic War (264-241 BC), Second Punic War (218-201 BC), and the Third Punic War (149-146 BC). |
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http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/dunkle/courses/fabmax.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | By the time the Second Punic War had ended, Carthage was a mere shadow of its former power. | | | Rome declared war on Carthage in 149 BC, and an army landed in Africa after a long blockade. | | | Whenever Carthage complained to Rome about his actions, Rome sent a tribunal to them, and then decided in Masinissa's favor. |
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http://www.dl.ket.org/latin2/historia/republic/punic4.htm
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| | History of THE PUNIC WARS |
| | And she is to submit to Rome in all matters of war and foreign policy. | | | The first war flares up in Sicily, an island disputed between Greek colonies at its eastern end and Carthaginian settlements in the west. | | | Hannibal forces the pace, taking the bold decision that his best chance of victory is to carry the war into Italy - where the ability to sustain a long campaign on Roman soil has been proved, in recent history, by Pyrrhus. |
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http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac53
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| | The Second Punic War (218-201 BC) |
| | After the death of Hamiclar Barca, his son Hannibal became leader of the Carthaginian army in Spain. | | | As mentioned before, Carthage had difficulties with its mercenary population within the military after the First Punic War. | | | Carthage had to surrender her navy, all territorial claims in Spain, and had to pay reparations in the amount of 10,000 talents over 50 years. |
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http://www.dl.ket.org/latinlit/historia/republic/punic3.htm
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| | historical atlas of the II Punic War |
| | A compendium of maps pertaining to the Second Punic War that have been produced for the website Hannibal- the Second Punic War. |
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http://www.galeon.com/historical-atlas
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| | Punic War, Second |
| | Roman victory brought the war to an end. | | | The Second Punic War started when Hannibal besieged the city of Saguntum -- Rome had promised to protect the city from attack. | | | In between the First and Second Punic Wars, the Carthaginians, under Hannibal were building an empire in Spain (also know as New Carthage). |
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http://ehistory.osu.edu/World/WarView.cfm?WID=48
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| | The Second Punic War |
| | Boris Rankov The Second Punic War at sea | | | Philip Sabin The mechanics of battle in the Second Punic War | | | The Second Punic War: a Reappraisal 1996 Supplement 67 |
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http://www.sas.ac.uk/icls/institute/publications/2ndpunic.htm
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| | First Punic War - History for Kids! |
| | (Most of what we know about this war comes from either Polybius or Livy): | | | First Punic War for Kids - Rome against Carthage, on the island of Sicily | | | Then a Greek city that was NOT in Italy asked the Romans to help it out in a war. |
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http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/history/punicwars.htm
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| | ROMA - History and Civilization of the Eternal City |
| | he second Punic war started by Hannibal a valiant general who loved Carthage as much as he hated Rome.He had a great plan: he wanted to cross the Alps, make the Italian population rebel against Rome and defeat it.He started with great energy to realize his dream. | | | The decisive battle took place near Carthage, at Zama (202 b.C. It was the end for Hannibal and also for Carthage. | | | In order to force Hannibal to leave Italy he transfered the war to Africa. |
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http://www.mclink.it/n/citrag/roma/doc/history/est_322.htm
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| | Second Punic War Timeline |
| | Home : Conflict and War : Ancient Wars and Conflicts : Punic Wars : | | | Do you have any comments and suggestions about this timeline, please e-mail and tell us at: suggestions@timelines.info |
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http://www.timelines.info/history/conflict_and_war/ancient_wars_and_conflicts/punic_wars/second_punic_war
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| | Maps, Punic wars I |
| | A webpage pertaining to the website: Hannibal - the Second Punic Wars (only spanish) |
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http://www.historical-atlas.galeon.com/pag1-I.htm
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