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| | Concluding Observations - CERD - Burundi - Concluding observations adopted up to December 31, 2003 |
 | | Replying to other questions, he stressed that, although Burundi had a single party system, it was a democratic one which allowed criticism and self-criticism. | | | He also stated that all citizens were guaranteed the right to express their views within the single-party system, and provided information, in particular, about the participation of all sections of the population in the preparation, execution and monitoring of the five-year national plan. | | | With regard to agrarian reform, the system of métayage had been abolished upon the advent of the Second Republic and the present Government was redistributing to poor peasants the land which had been appropriated by officials of the previous régimes. |
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http://www.bayefsky.com/html/burundi_t4_cerd.php
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| | CSPN |
| | The second professor to take the stand, ex-communist Garland Ethel, set a courageous example by testifying about his own activities in the Party, but refuseing to give the names of people he had seen at communist meetings. | | | The rise of the Communist Party in the 1930s and the Red Scare of the 1940s and 1950s were not unprecedented events in Washington history. | | | The Red Scare, which was more intense in Washington than in most states, deprived communists of their First Amendment rights, permanently destroyed several radical political organizations, temporarily frightened many liberals into silence, and allowed conservatives to virtually dismantle Washington's state-level health care system for the poor. |
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http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/curcan/main.html
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| | Swami And Friends - Arvind N. Das |
| | After zamindari abolition in the 1950s, although the formal organisation remained extent, largely under the control of the Communist Party of India (CPI), it lost its teeth. | | | In the period of the Second World War, Quit India Movement and the advent of Independence, the `outsiders' were either busy with high political affairs, in jail or in government. | | | Gradually, Sahajanand also came round to the view that the zamindari system was `an obstacle in the way of economic and social advancement of society' and that `zamindars were parasitical elements fattening on the blood of the toiling peasantry'. |
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http://www.virginia.edu/soasia/symsem/kisan/papers/swami.html
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| | The Head Heeb: Lebanese politics for beginners, part 2 |
| | It is currently the second-largest party in the current Parliament with nine seats, and its leader, Nabih Berri, is the Parliament speaker and a member of the de facto ruling triumvirate. | | | As such, while the political party system in Lebanon is weak, parties have made a significant contribution in articulating its aspirations. | | | Henchag is the party of the Armenian left and the Ramgavar is a third force and the "party of the intellectuals," but all three parties tend to interpret their ideology loosely and support the incumbent government. |
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http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/027750.html
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| | Legal Terms in Land Records |
| | Straw Deed, Strawman Deed - Two deeds filed in succession, the first from party A to party B, second from B back to A. This was used to sidestep legal restrictions of sales between spouses or joint owners, or to incorporate a new survey description. | | | The alodial (also 'allodial') system is opposed to the feudal system. | | | A headright system was also used in other states including South Carolina and Georgia. |
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http://users.rcn.com/deeds/legal.htm
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| | Middle East Report Online: A Road Map to the Oslo Cul-de-Sac, by Adam Hanieh and Catherine Cook |
| | Mustafa Barghouti, an ex-leader of the Palestinian Peoples' Party (formerly the Palestinian Communist Party), called the road map "a recipe for cantonization while we guarantee Israeli security" during an interview on a Ramallah TV station on May 6. | | | Though areas under the aegis of the Palestinian Authority appeared to have a degree of independence, every Palestinian was forced to navigate a system of Israeli checkpoints, closures and permits to move outside or between those areas. | | | Even large sections of the ruling party Fatah have expressed opposition to the plan, and a general strike was held in Ramallah on the day of Powell's meeting with Abbas, prompting a change of venue from Ramallah to the isolated Jordan Valley town of Jericho. |
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http://www.mafhoum.com/press5/147P1.htm
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| | Arab View: Egypts Second Republic |
| | After the revolution and announcement of the republic, the military leaders abolished the political parties and a system of single party rule was established. | | | This heralds the birth of the second republic in Egypt. | | | The leader of the majority party that won the elections was designated as prime minister. |
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http://www.arabview.com/articles.asp?article=467
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| | Getting the Message Out! The Second American Party System: The Know Nothing Party |
| | The Second American Party System: The Know Nothing Party | | | By 1856, when the party had abandoned secrecy and campaigned publicly as the American party, many people expected it to elect the next president. | | | By Michael F. Holt, Ph.D. The other new party to challenge Whigs' role as Democrats' major foe between 1854 and 1856 was the anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant Know Nothing party. |
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http://dig.lib.niu.edu/message/ps-knownothing.html
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| | United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - State Party Report - Yugoslavia |
| | The second periodic report concerning rights covered by articles 6 to 9 (E/1984/7/Add.10) was considered in 1984 (E/1984/WG.1/SR.16 and 18). | | | United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - State Party Report - Yugoslavia | | | The second group of laws (federal and republican, depending on the territory for which the trade unions are established) regulate the issues of the actual organization of trade union organizations and their entry in the registry. |
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http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/E.1990.6.Add.22.En?Opendocument
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| | Second World War (1940-1944) |
| | The effects of the Second World War upon the global balance of power were incalculable. | | | It is this world system that, passing by the quarante glorieuses and the unification of Europe and South America, eventually culminated in the Third World War. | | | The ultimate toll of the Second World War, in all three of its component conflicts, was horrendous. |
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http://www.ahtg.net/TpA/ww2.html
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| | Duverger: The Electoral System |
| | A given electoral regime does not necessarily produce a given party system; it simply exerts an influence in the direction of a particular type of system; it is a force, acting in the midst of other forces, some of which move in an opposite direction. | | | It is also clear that the relationship between electoral and party systems is not a one-way phenomenon; if a one-ballot vote tends toward a two-party system, a two party system also favors the adoption of a single ballot voting system. | | | If the conservative electorate divides into two parties, with the first receiving 60,000 votes and the second, 40,000, while the communists vote as a bloc on the first ballot, there will still be a second ballot. |
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http://www.janda.org/c24/Readings/Duverger/Duverger.htm
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| | The Birth of the Grand Old Party University of Pennsylvania Press |
| | The authors collectively extend their inquiries from the 1850s through the 1870s to understand the processes whereby the second American party system broke down, a new party and politics emerged, the Civil War came, and a new political and social order developed. | | | At the same time, a major political realignment occurred with the collapse of the "second American party system" and the emergence of a new party, the Republicans. | | | The essays consider the party in terms of its identity, interests, ideology, images, and individuals, always with an eye to the ways the Republican party influenced midnineteenth-century concerns over national character, political power, race, and civil rights. |
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http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/13765.html
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| | Did You Know? - Electoral System for Scottish Parliament |
| | The "Additional Member System" gives each voter a second vote for a political party (or for a candidate standing as an individual), within a larger electoral area called a Scottish Parliament Region. | | | So when the prospect was raised again in the 1990s of a devolved Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh, to look after local issues, it was clear that if the UK electoral system was adopted, Labour would invariably have a majority. | | | Thus a party with a large number of constituency seats in a region will have a large denominator, while those parties with a smaller numbers of constituency seats but a good number of second votes will have a much smaller denominator. |
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http://www.rampantscotland.com/know/blknow_election.htm
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| | Duverger: The Electoral System |
| | A given electoral regime does not necessarily produce a given party system; it simply exerts an influence in the direction of a particular type of system; it is a force, acting in the midst of other forces, some of which move in an opposite direction. | | | It is also clear that the relationship between electoral and party systems is not a one-way phenomenon; if a one-ballot vote tends toward a two-party system, a two party system also favors the adoption of a single ballot voting system. | | | If the conservative electorate divides into two parties, with the first receiving 60,000 votes and the second, 40,000, while the communists vote as a bloc on the first ballot, there will still be a second ballot. |
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http://www.janda.org/c24/Readings/Duverger/Duverger.htm
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| | Patent 5557658: Communications marketing system |
| | If the party using the second telephone 20 chooses not to answer the incoming call at block 120, the third telephone 28 continues to receive an audible ringback signal or as previously discussed, a pre-recorded announcement transmitted to the third telephone 28 by the message generator 26 in lieu of the call progress signal. | | | If the second telephone 20 is idle, the second switch 22 or the ANSS 23 can either activate the audible signal generator 14 to produce a conventional audible ringback signal or can activate the message generator 16 to play a series of pre-recorded announcements to the calling party for a predetermined period of time. | | | The system plays at least one generally continuous announcement to the party placed on hold by the called station until the called station signals the network to reconnect the called station to the party on hold, at which time the playing of the announcement is terminated. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5557658.html
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| | UNITED STATES: Camejo calls for preferential voting system |
| | Such a preferential system would eliminate the argument that a vote for a third party is a wasted vote, by allowing a third party supporter to vote for one of the major parties as a second or third choice. | | | Peter Camejo, the Green Party candidate to replace Davis if he is recalled, proposes an instant runoff system, in which electors could vote for their first-choice candidate, but also vote for their second or third choices. | | | This wouldn't mean a clear-cut break with the two party system, but it would allow the electoral strength of third parties to be registered, which isn't the case at present. |
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http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/2003/555/555p19c.htm
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| | AllRefer.com - Algeria - Role of the FIS Algerian Information Resource |
| | The more moderate Madani represented a conservative faction within the party intent on using the democratic system to implement its Islamist code. | | | One of the first parties to apply for legal recognition in Algeria's new multiparty system, the FIS had begun to take shape in the months before the constitutional revision that legalized political parties. | | | The FIS emerged as a political party on September 16, 1989. |
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http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/algeria/algeria145.html
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| | Germany: The Original Mixed Member Proportional System |
| | Should a party win more Direktmandate seats in a particular federal state than the number of seats allocated to it by the second votes, these surplus seats (berhangmandate) are kept by that party. | | | In Germany, elections in the single-member districts are mainly based on party preferences and not on the personality of the candidates. | | | In the all-German elections of 1990, the East German Alliance '90/Greens and the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) cleared the five percent threshold which was applied, separately in the territory of former East Germany and former West Germany, for that one election. |
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http://www.aceproject.org/main/english/es/esy_de.htm
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| | Spoils system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The spoils system was closely linked to the new party system which he was instrumental in creating, generally known to scholars as the "second party system" (the first being the system which emerged in the aftermath of the ratification of the American Constitution). | | | In politics, a spoils system refers to an informal or formal practice by which the party in power, perhaps after winning an election, monopolizes prerequisites and government jobs with direct politically-motivated appointments. | | | Spoils systems are endemic in nations that are struggling to transcend systemic clientage based on tribal organization or other kinship groups and localism in general. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoils_system
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| | International IDEA Glossary of Terms |
| | A Parallel System is a mixed system in which the choices expressed by the voters are used to elect representatives through two different systems–one List PR system and (usually) one plurality/majority system–but where no account is taken of the seats allocated under the first system in calculating the results in the second system. | | | Under a List Proportional Representation (List PR) system each party or grouping presents a list of candidates for a multi-member electoral district, the voters vote for a party, and parties receive seats in proportion to their overall share of the vote. | | | Mixed Member Proportional is a mixed system in which the choices expressed by the voters are used to elect representatives through two different systems–one List PR system and (usually) one plurality/majority system–where the List PR system compensates for the disproportionality in the results from the plurality/majority system. |
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http://www.idea.int/esd/glossary.cfm
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| | International IDEA Glossary of Terms |
| | Under a List Proportional Representation (List PR) system each party or grouping presents a list of candidates for a multi-member electoral district, the voters vote for a party, and parties receive seats in proportion to their overall share of the vote. | | | A Parallel System is a mixed system in which the choices expressed by the voters are used to elect representatives through two different systems–one List PR system and (usually) one plurality/majority system–but where no account is taken of the seats allocated under the first system in calculating the results in the second system. | | | In some (closed list) systems the winning candidates are taken from the lists in order of their position on the lists. |
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http://www.idea.int/esd/glossary.cfm
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| | The Breakdown of the American Party System and Civil War |
| | Unlike the second party system whose main feature was national party divisions, the third party system was characterized by sectional divisions. | | | In its place arose a third American party system that would be very different than its predecessor. | | | The collapse of the Jacksonian party system "http://www.nv.cc.va.us/home/nvsageh/Hist... |
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http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/civil_war_1856_1862/102394
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| | Makati Business Club: CongressWatch |
| | The party-list system aims to ensure representation among the marginalized sectors in the House of Representatives by voting in parties or organizations accredited by the Commission on Elections. | | | The party-list system is a system of voting where voters will choose from a list of parties - not names of individual candidates - a limited number of seats in the House of Representatives. | | | For example, if a party wins one seat - the first nominee takes the seat; if it wins two seats - the first and second nominees sit; and if it wins three seats - the first, second, and third nominees take the seat. |
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http://www.mbc.com.ph/congresswatch/partyList.htm
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| | Amazon.ca: Books: The Origins of the Republican Party 1852-1856 |
| | The study also reveals the crucial role of ethnocultural factors in the collapse of the second party system and thoroughly analyzes the struggle between nativism and antislavery for political dominance in the North. | | | The 1850s saw in America the breakdown of the Jacksonian party system in the North and the emergence of a new sectional party--the Republicans--that succeeded the Whigs in the nation's two-party system. | | | Gienapp powerfully demonstrates that the organization of the Republican party was a difficult, complex, and lengthy process and explains why, even after an inauspicious beginning, it ultimately became a potent political force. |
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http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195055012
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| | An Analysis of Proposals for Constitutional Change in New Zealand |
| | The system can be manipulated if voters understand that the size of the legislature is increased when a party wins more seats in the district elections than they are entitled to from the second "list" vote. | | | In the absence of entrenched, written constitutions, Westminster systems have proved capable of sustaining significant evolutionary changes: the extension of suffrage, the growth of the party system, the emergence of caucus as a forum for policy debates, and the extension of the select committee system, for example. | | | Westminster systems, with their strong reliance upon electoral constraints, and weak reliance upon explicit division of powers, provide considerable scope for politicians to pursue their own policy preferences. |
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http://www.nzbr.org.nz/documents/publications/new-publications/constitutional-change.doc.htm
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| | Third party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Third party insurance insures against damages to third parties — that is, people other than the first party (the insured) and the second party (the insurer). | | | In contract law, a third party is any person other than the two principals (the first party and the second party) who is involved in, or affected by, a contract. | | | In a two-party system of politics, a third party is any political party other than the two dominant ones; see third political party. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party
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| | Third party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Third party insurance insures against damages to third parties — that is, people other than the first party (the insured) and the second party (the insurer). | | | In a two-party system of politics, a third party is any political party other than the two dominant ones; see third political party. | | | In contract law, is any person other than the two principals (the first party and the second party) who is involved in, or affected by, a contract. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party
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| | Additional Member System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The party list representatives are elected by a second vote, where the electors vote for a political party, not directly for an individual. | | | In systems with a threshold, tactical voting for a minor party that is predicted to poll slightly below the threshold is relatively common, especially by voters who are afraid that the minor party missing the threshold would weaken the larger political camp that the minor party belongs to. | | | In 1976, the Hansard Society recommended that the Additional Member System be used for UK parliamentary elections, but instead of using closed party lists, it proposed that seats be filled by defeated candidates, on a 'best loser' basis. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_Member_System
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| | S/R 23: "Red Ken" and the Greens in London (Hawkins) |
| | With the preference voting system, it was hard for New Labour to paint Livingstone as a spoiler, especially when he urged his supporters to give Labour's Dobson their second preference. | | | In the Supplementary Vote System, one is limited to ranking only one's first and second choices instead of as many as one chooses to rank. | | | If not, the two candidates with the highest number of first place votes stay in the race, all the others are eliminated, the eliminated candidates' ballots are distributed according to their second choices, and the remaining candidate with the most votes, whether first or second preference, is elected. |
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http://www.greens.org/s-r/23/23-04.html
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| | 3. MULTI-PARTY VISIBILITY |
| | Since this system would allay third party voters' fears about "throwing away their votes," more of them would make third party candidates their first choice (with a major party candidate as a second choice), giving a clearer picture of actual support for third parties. | | | However, since the smallest parties have their second choices counted first in a run-off, the closer a major candidate is to winning, the more impact the smallest parties have on the outcome. | | | Major third parties like the Greens could theoretically not even play a role, since their second choices would only be counted at the end, if necessary. |
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http://www.co-intelligence.org/CIPol_ElectoralMulti-Party.html
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