|
| |
| | Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The Crusades in the Baltic Sea area and in Central Europe were efforts by (mostly German) Christians to subjugate and convert the peoples of these areas to Christianity. | | | On a popular level, the first crusades unleashed a wave of impassioned, personally felt pious fury that was expressed in the massacres of Jews that accompanied the movement of mobs through Europe, as well as the violent treatment of "schismatic" Orthodox Christians of the east. | | | In the 21st century, some in the Arab world, such as the Arab independence movement and Pan-Islamism movement, continue to call Western involvement in the Middle East a "crusade." The Crusades were regarded by the Islamic world as cruel and savage onslaughts by European Christians. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade
(4147 words)
|
|
| |
| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crusades |
| | The idea of the crusade corresponds to a political conception which was realized in Christendom only from the eleventh to the fifteenth century; this supposes a union of all peoples and sovereigns under the direction of the popes. | | | Later, in another voyage to the West, he made a supreme effort to interest the princes in the crusade, but on his return to Cyprus he was assassinated, as the result of a conspiracy. | | | Preachers of the crusade appeared everywhere, and on all sides sprang up disorganized, undisciplined, penniless hordes, almost destitute of equipment, who, surging eastward through the valley of the Danube, plundered as they went along and murdered the Jews in the German cities. |
|
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543c.htm
(11618 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Second Crusade - Saint Bernard |
| | The Crusaders accused the latter of having deliberately misguided and betrayed them into the hands of the Turks. | | | Sangi was assassinated 2 years later but the re-conquest had already begun. | | | Germans thoroughly defeated in Asia Minor and obliged to retreat to the coast. |
|
http://latter-rain.com/crusades/crutwo.htm
(512 words)
|
|
| |
| | A Quick Guide to the Major Crusades |
| | The Frankish Crusaders were able to acquire an absolution from Innocent III, but the pope reaffirmed the excommunication of the Venetian Crusaders. | | | After a grueling siege, the Crusaders captured Antioch -- one of the ancient patriarchates of Christianity -- and defeated a subsequent Muslim attempt to oust them. | | | Most of the French were killed attempting to make it to Antioch. |
|
http://crusades.slu.edu/quick.htm
(1652 words)
|
|
| |
| | History of THE CRUSADES |
| | The crusaders camp outside Constantinople while Alexius, as emperor, tries to raise his debt to the Venetians by taxing the citizens and confiscating church property. | | | Northern Syria and Iraq remain for a while loyal to the family of Nur ed-Din, but by a combination of force and diplomacy (making much of the theme of jihad) Saladin secures control of Aleppo in 1183 and Mosul in 1186. | | | During the winter the Venetians agree terms with Alexius. |
|
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1793&HistoryID=ab54
(2223 words)
|
|
| |
| | Rejection of Pascal's Wager: The Crusades |
| | The total number of deaths due to the crusades had been estimated at around nine million, at least half of which were Christians. | | | The enormous wealth of the city was plundered by the crusaders and the Venetian merchants. | | | The defenders fled along the walls and through the city, and our men pursued them killing and cutting them down as far as Solomon's Temple, where there was such a massacre that our men were wading ankle deep in blood... |
|
http://www.geocities.com/paulntobin/crusades.html
(2043 words)
|
|
| |
| | Second Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Hugh also told the Pope of an eastern Christian king, who, it was hoped, would bring relief to the crusader states: this is the first documented mention of Prester John. | | | Eugenius did not want Conrad to participate, hoping instead that he would give imperial support to his own claims on the papacy, but he did not forbid him outright from leaving. | | | As in the First Crusade, the preaching inadvertently led to attacks on Jews; a fanatical German Cistercian monk named Rudolf was apparently inspiring massacres of Jews in the Rhineland, Cologne, Mainz, Worms, and Speyer, with Rudolf claiming Jews were not contributing financially to the rescue of the Holy Land. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Crusade
(3736 words)
|
|
| |
| | THE CRUSADES TO THE HOLY LAND |
| | One of the primary reasons for Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades was to reconcile Roman and Byzantine Christianity. | | | The crusaders, both Franks and Venetians, accepted the Doge's offer for free passage to Egypt if they seized the Venetian town of Zara, which had been lost to the Hungarians. | | | Chronicles of the Crusades - Eye-witness accounts of the Wars between Christianity and Islam. |
|
http://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Crusades.html
(5711 words)
|
|
| |
| | kingsofjerusalem |
| | Moslems in the Dome, or Jews in their Synagogue, all were killed without regard. | | | However, this did not allow them to set up a seat of government there. | | | The Sultan was having trouble with his Arab neighbors and saw the Crusaders as a possible deterrent to any of his neighbors who may have thought of invading his territories. |
|
http://www.medievalcrusades.com/kingsofjerusalem.htm
(1396 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Second Crusade (from Crusades) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | On his second voyage to the New World, Columbus was surprised by what he found. | | | It had long been apparent that Edessa was vulnerable, but its loss came as a shock to Eastern and Western Christians. | | | French crusader and scholar who wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of magnets. |
|
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25606
(913 words)
|
|
| |
| | Medieval Sourcebook: St. Bernard: Apologia for Second Crusade |
| | The First Crusade had succeeded in achieving its objectives and it bad been possible to found Latin states in the East largely because the Moslems had been divided against one another and had thus been almost completely unable to cooperate effectively to stave off their Western foes. | | | Shortly after the outcome of the Crusade became known in the West, St. Bernard wrote a defiant apologia, defending the role he had played in preaching and organizing the recent expedition. | | | The Second Crusade, in fact, was destined to be the last Crusade in which the armies were accompanied by large groups of pilgrims and other noncombatants. |
|
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/bernard-apol.html
(1071 words)
|
|
| |
| | Medieval Sourcebook: Odo of Deuil: The Crusade of Louis VII |
| | Many of the troops thus left behind at Adalia were killed in combat with the Turks in the vicinity of the town when they attempted to continue their journey by land. | | | The King met, however, with considerable opposition from his advisors, who believed that the welfare of the kingdom required that the King remain at home. | | | By the time the Crusaders reached Adalia, King Louis and his advisors had had their fill. |
|
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/odo-deuil.html
(4416 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Social Gospel--Part II |
| | During the period 1865-1930, Christians in America embarked on three major crusades to address the rapidly expanding problems of society. | | | In 1869, a National Prohibition Party was formed, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union was organized in 1874. | | | The roots of two of these crusades predated the Civil War, and only came into their own in the post-war period: temperance and Sabbath observance. |
|
http://www.wfu.edu/~matthetl/perspectives/twenty.html
(1945 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Crusades |
| | On their way to Jerusalem, they were bribed by the Venetians to raid a Christian city called Zara. | | | He also wanted to expand Roman Christianity and be united with Eastern Orthodox. | | | This crusade was a general crusade called by Pope Innocent III. |
|
http://members.aol.com/Sktf1111/rs/9/crusades.htm
(576 words)
|
|
| |
| | Crusade Chronology |
| | Nov 1202: Venetians and Crusaders sacked Zara, a Christian port on the Dalmatian Coast | | | Jun 1, 1098: Stephen of Blois & a large group of French left the siege of Antioch | | | This includes errors of omission, i.e., if you have reason to suggest additions to this Chronology, send me the information and your reasons for inclusion. |
|
http://people.westminstercollege.edu/faculty/mmarkowski/sscle/ssclechr.html
(930 words)
|
|
| |
| | Second Crusade |
| | The crusaders then attacked Damascus, a Muslim city that had been allied to the Christians until the attack. | | | It is important to note that the majority of the crusaders during this period crusaded either in Iberia (where they seized Lisbon) or (more unsuccessfully) on the eastern border of Germany against the Slavs and Wends. | | | While the Second Crusade didn't directly help the Christian presence in the Mideast, from 1153 to 1169 the Franks were again on the offensive. |
|
http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/second_crusade.htm
(528 words)
|
|
| |
| | Second Crusade - History for Kids! |
| | After the First Crusade in 1096 AD set up Christian kingdoms all along the coast of Israel and Lebanon, of course the Fatimid caliphs who had ruled that area before were very upset. | | | By 1144, a Mamluk general, Imad-ed-din Zangi, had managed to unite enough Turks and Arabs in his army to attack the Christian kingdoms. | | | From beginning to end, though, this crusade was not successful. |
|
http://historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/secondcrusade.htm
(245 words)
|
|
| |
| | Sixth Crusade |
| | Copyright © 1994-2000 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., Gregory IX By virtue of the 1229 treaty, Jerusalem remained under the control of the Christians until 1244, when it was retaken by a Muslim alliance of the Khwarezmian Turks and the Egyptians. | | | This led to the call for a Seventh Crusade. | | | Within a few days of his 1227 departure, Frederick fell ill, and was returned to port to heal, while his army continued without him. |
|
http://jmgainor.homestead.com/files/PU/Cru/6cr.htm
(360 words)
|
|
| |
| | Medieval Sourcebook: The Crusades |
| | Al-Makrisi: Arab Account of the Crusade of St. Louis. | | | The experiences of 1187-92 had shown that Egypt was the base of Muslim power, and so expeditions were directed there. | | | During the thirteenth century there were eight large expeditions, as well as other manifestations of crusading ideas. |
|
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html
(1397 words)
|
|
| |
| | QueenieChan.com - LiveJournal - Spotlight On: The Crusades (Part 4) |
| | QueenieChan.com - LiveJournal - Spotlight On: The Crusades (Part 4) | | | Not only did The French and German Crusader kings hate each other; they were also under-supplied and continually ambushed all the way to Antioch (a city captured in the First Crusade). | | | This was in response to the loss of Edessa, the Frankish kingdom established in the First Crusade, to Turkish troops in December 1144. |
|
http://queeniechan.livejournal.com/5175.html
(708 words)
|
|
| |
| | Crusades, Unit 2 |
| | Nothing in particular to note here, except to see how the quarrels between the Christian princes left Edessa vulnerable to attack. | | | The call for the First Crusade was unprecedented, so there were no expectations. | | | With the Second Crusade, however, there was a powerful precedent. |
|
http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Admin/unit2/dquestions.shtml
(313 words)
|
|
| |
| | Female Hero: Eleanor of Aquitaine (Women in World History Curriculum) |
| | Female Heroes from the Time of the Crusades | | | Clink here to find out what happened to Eleanor after she returned from the Crusades. | | | Only a few years later, at age 19, she knelt in the cathedral of Vézelay before the celebrated Abbé Bernard of Clairvaux offering him thousands of her vassals for the Second Crusade. |
|
http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine2.html
(507 words)
|
|
| |
| | WWW-VL: History Index History of the Crusades |
| | Documents of the Fourth Crusade, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook | | | Chronica Regiae Coloniensis, s.a.1213, The "Children's Crusade", 1212, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook | | | Documents of the Second Crusade, from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook |
|
http://www.ku.edu/kansas/med/crusades.html
(432 words)
|
|
| |
| | Second Crusade |
| | Send email to bhartley@medievaltymes.com with questions or comments about this web site. | | | Oct, 1147: Lisbon falls to the crusaders and Portuguese; Almeria falls to the Spanish | | | " s-target="" i-bordersize="0" u-initialimage="images/dagger_arrow2_small.gif" clientside tag="p" u-linkurl="intro_second_crusade.htm" i-hspace="0" i-vspace="0" s-alternatetext="Introduction to the Second Crusade" u-mouseimage="images/dagger_arrow2_small_rollover.gif" --> |
|
http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/second_crusade.htm
(164 words)
|
|
| |
| | Amazon.com: The Second Crusade and the Cistercians: Books: Michael Gervers |
| | Join Amazon Prime and ship Two-Day for free and Overnight for $3.99. | | | Scholars studying the crusades have underemphasized the far-reaching changes that took place in the papacy as a result of the crusading movement in the years 1095-1147. | | | by Michael Gervers (Editor) "Scholars studying the crusades have underemphasized the far-reaching changes that took place in the papacy as a result of the crusading movement in the years..." (more) |
|
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0312056079?v=glance
(514 words)
|
|
| |
| | Second Crusade - Eduseek |
| | Contact us : Comments and Suggestions : Map | | | Subjects > History > 12+ Years > Conflict and War > Medieval Wars and Conflicts > The Crusades > Second Crusade | | | The Second Crusade, the Siege of Damascus - |
|
http://www.eduseek.com/navigate.php?ID=108
(62 words)
|
|
| |
| | Second Crusade |
| | The expedition failed to take the city, and shortly after the collapse of this attack, the French king and the remains of his army returned home. | | | ¶ The Second Crusade had been promoted with great zeal and had aroused high hopes. | | | The Second Crusade was a failure, and ended when the French army, enroute to Edessa, attacked but failed to take Damascus in 1148. |
|
http://jmgainor.homestead.com/files/PU/Cru/2cr.htm
(297 words)
|
|
| |
| | World History 1100- 1200 AD |
| | The Crusade came to a disastrous end due to a lack of leadership and control. | | | This established the second Bulgarian empire which lasted until 1396. | | | - Spurred by Saladin's triumph, the Christians launch the Third Crusade, led by Richard the Lionhearted. |
|
http://www.multied.com/dates/1100ad.html
(790 words)
|
|
| |
| | Second Crusade - definition of Second Crusade by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | Crusade - any of the more or less continuous military expeditions in the 11-13th centuries when Christian powers of Europe tried to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims | | | Second Crusade - a Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187 | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. |
|
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Second+Crusade
(123 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Crusades Special Topics Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art |
| | The aim was to aid the Christians of the East and return to Christian control the Holy Sepulcher, the church in Jerusalem said to contain the tomb of Christ. | | | By the end of the Third Crusade (1189–92), however, Crusader forces had gained Cyprus and the city of Acre. | | | The city was sacked in 1204, its rich treasures divided between the Venetians, the French, and other Crusaders. |
|
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm
(470 words)
|
|
| |
| | Ending 'Sharecropper Math': The Second Crusade of Bob Moses |
| | Moses is a soft-spoken, 65-year-old mathematician from Cambridge, Mass., who came to Mississippi in 1960 to organize the voting rights project for the fledgling Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. | | | The goal of his first one was to break the back of segregation in Mississippi. | | | His second aims to break through the barrier to higher math that has kept so many Black youths from succeeding in higher education and the technological world of today. |
|
http://www.blackengineer.com/artman/publish/article_101.shtml
(1185 words)
|
|
| |
| | New Catholic Dictionary: Second Crusade |
| | (1145-1147) The fall of the principality of Edessa into the hands of the Moslems, 1144, produced the second expedition which was preached by Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux, and supported by Louis VII of France, his wife Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Emperor Conrad III of Germany. | | | These crusaders besieged Damascus, 1148, but never reached Edessa. |
|
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd02482.htm
(56 words)
|
|
| |
| | Military History: The Second Crusade |
| | Put simply, feudal society was geared for defence, not offense and yet, the Crusades were a long distance offensive. | | | The idea that this system might be used to "project force" 1000 miles (or more) from the country of origin is really remarkable. | | | The first Crusade should never have succeeded and the fact that the 2nd Crusade failed is quite reasonable. |
|
http://experts.about.com/q/Military-History-669/Second-Crusade.htm
(279 words)
|
|
| |
| | A. Dronzek - Hist 3207 |
| | Paper Option #1 Due: Compare and contrast the different versions of Urban II's speech and explain which elements you believe were in the Pope's original speech. | | | Disputatio #4: Who/what was most responsible for the course of the Fourth Crusade? | | | Paper Option #5 Due: Compare and contrast William of Tudela and his successor in The Song of the Cathar Wars as historical sources. |
|
http://cda.mrs.umn.edu/~dronzea/3207/schedule.html
(669 words)
|
|
| |
| | eBay - second crusade, Records, Nonfiction Books items on eBay.com |
| | Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the eBay User Agreement and Privacy Policy. | | | The Second Crusade and the Cistercians - Gervers, *NEW | | | Second Crusade - May The Funk Be With You - TECHNO - 19 |
|
http://search-desc.ebay.com/search/search.dll?query=second+crusade&newu=1&...
(268 words)
|
|
| |
| | Crusade - The Second Season |
| | Please do not copy any information off of this site without the express permission of those involved. | | | All characters, terminology, and episodes created specifically for The Crusade Virtual Seasons are the property of the writers, staff, and directors of the site. | | | We are making no profit on this site and are simply using these items for the entertainment of the fans (and ourselves). |
|
http://www.pvtonline.com/crusade/second
(94 words)
|
|
| |
| | Find in a Library: The Second Crusade and the Cistercians |
| | Find in a Library: The Second Crusade and the Cistercians | | | WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries. |
|
http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/24f355c397e1aba0a19afeb4da09e526.html
(63 words)
|
|
|
