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| | Runes |
 | | This theory is very unlikely, because the Gothic-Greek contact was not before 200 A.D. The oldest runic inscription yet found dates from 50 A.D. Another unlikely theory is that the Visigothic priest Wulfias invented the rune alphabet. | | | Futharks were in use from an unsure point in time, some historians say as early as 200 B.C., in some cases till the early Middle Age. | | | Since the discovery of the Meldorf brooch, dated several years before Tacitus’ "Germania", which stated runic writing system, this theory has been dropped. |
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http://wave.prohosting.com/jutamago/Runes/runehtml.html
(2641 words)
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| | Runes |
| | Questions of the authenticity of specific runestones are generally passed over in silence, perhaps rightly so in many cases where knowledge of their existence predates the scholarly attempts to decode them. | | | The runestones are the focus of most of the scholarly works. | | | "A New Theory of the Origin of the Runic Script: Richard L. Morris's Book Runic and Mediterranean Epigraphy," in Old English Runes and their Continental Background. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/9529/runes.htm
(2217 words)
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| | Ancient Scripts: Ogham |
| | Some claim that it stems from a cryptic way of writing runes, some others say that it is inspired from the Roman alphabet, and yet others hold that it is independently invented. |
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http://www.ancientscripts.com/ogham.html
(134 words)
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| | ALPHABET |
| | The Egyptians never reduced their writing to an alphabet and the same was believed to be true for cuneiform, until comparatively recently. | | | The origin of the alphabet has long been a subject for research, speculation and myths. | | | The articulatory basis of the alphabet is not simply a matter of speculation about historical or prehistorical events. |
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http://www.percepp.demon.co.uk/alphabet.htm
(8536 words)
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| | Talk:Runic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | I think the semitic theory is proposed by one sole linguist in Norway, who is generally regarded as a crackpot theorist who interprets everything he sees acording to his "Semitic Fertility Cult" ahenda. | | | I do not know enough to theorize on their use of ae though ;-) | | | Already "runic" is an adjective "like runes", and runiform is simply a ridiculous term, coined apparently because some people insisted that the Hungarians are entitled to have "runes" of their own, probably because of the connotations of the term due to runic mysticism and what not. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Runic_alphabet
(6751 words)
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| | The Rune School - Lesson 7 |
| | Generally however it is believed the runes are derived from the North Italic alphabet and there is some archaeological evidence to support this. | | | Whilst inevitably the majority of rune research should be devoted to seeking to rediscover the ways of the Viking/Saxon runemasters, we should not assume they knew all the secrets of the runes and that there is nothing new to be revealed. | | | There is scholarly disagreement about what the symbols, or glyphs as they are more correctly known, represent. |
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http://www.runeschool.org/courses/intro_03/07_efuthark.htm
(1353 words)
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| | Runic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Any claim that the forms refer to unknown tribes must be considered highly speculative. | | | Tolkien popularized runes by his use of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc in The Hobbit, and he also invented his own fictional runic alphabet, the Cirth (together with scripts). | | | Runes have been used in Nazi symbolism by Nazis and neo-Nazi groups that associate themselves with Germanic traditions, mainly the Sigel, Eihwaz, Tyr, Odal (see Odalism) and Algiz runes. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_alphabet
(3397 words)
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| | MindPower by MindPower |
| | The Viking races..were where the Runes were developed, the Runes were introduced to Britain with the Anglo-Saxon invasion, and the fairies characters that are in the trilogy are based on Nordic myth. | | | The Norse language, each character has a meaning beyond language it is fascinating, they used the characters of their alphabet as a form of divination. |
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http://mindpower.blogstream.com/v1/pid/17694.html
(675 words)
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| | Runes |
| | That the Goths were responsible for the creation of the runes does violence to the chronology. | | | This he did by making use of the Greek alphabet and using some of the runic characters. | | | This does not mean that some of the runic characters did not owe their origin to the cult symbols which were in common use. |
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http://www.geocities.com/musta_mato/kilta/runes.html
(2678 words)
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| | Runes, Alphabet of Mystery |
| | Another nid curse is raised against those responsible for the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the USA. | | | - A Runic Curse against those who would pervert the northern tradition and runes. | | | See the review of Runes, Alphabet of Mystery in the March 2000 issue of "The Monthly Aspectarian". |
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http://www.sunnyway.com/runes
(560 words)
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| | Ultima 7 Runic Alphabet |
| | Having trouble reading those signs that have some weird shaped alphabet? | | | Did you know this language was actually used back then? |
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http://members.tripod.com/vincentv/runic.htm
(21 words)
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| | Runic inscriptions presented by Derolez |
| | His conclusion is: "On the Continent we have an actual break in the runic tradition. | | | This does not impede on the recorded fact that one of the earliest traces of this name speaks of the leek, not of water. | | | We no longer believe in 'German' runic lore to be found in manuscripts: all we find can be traced to English sources, with some rare additions of Scandinavian material". |
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http://www.nordic-life.org/nmh/derolez.htm
(3831 words)
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| | Runes |
| | During the Middle-ages, as Christianity came to dominate Europe, fewer and fewer people were able to understood the Runes. | | | Tolkien used Runes to represent the writings of the Dwarves in his story. | | | The earliest Runic inscriptions on stone are dated to the late 2nd century AD, although it is probable that Runic Alphabets had been in use for some centuries before. |
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http://www.gis.net/~dansmith/fonts/runes
(712 words)
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| | Roman Script and the Function of the Futhorc in Anglo-Saxon England |
| | Whether or not the syncretism was deliberate, it was certainly not overtly acknowledged. | | | Another much cited example is the Ruthwell Cross, on which Christian figures and biblical scenes are captioned in Roman letters, while a large passage from the Christian poem “The Dream of the Rood” | | | Whether the Christian uses of runes point to a deliberate strategy of syncretism among Christian missionaries or a secular distancing of the runic script from pagan traditions remains an open debate. |
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http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/6361green.htm
(1123 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | What began as a legitimate folkloric resurgence unfortunately became so tainted by Nazi ideology and racism that the research from this period was rendered all but useless to any serious student of runic lore. | | | Perhaps the darkest period in the history of runic studies was their revival by German scholars connected with the Nazi movement in the that 20's and 30's. | | | This theory would place the original creation of the futhark sometime before the 1st. |
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http://www.tarahill.com/runes/runetext.txt
(9272 words)
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| | Index page for information pages about The futhark |
| | Why these pages were created and what audiences they are meant for. | | | A short presentation and overview f the different Runic alphabets | | | How to read the Runes (tricky for non swedes). |
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http://www.luth.se/luth/present/sweden/history/viking_age/runes
(61 words)
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| | Runic alphabet |
| | Bernal (36) thinks that there was also some substrate alphabet involved; Miller (62) claims that the origins of the runic alphabet are archaic-Mediterranean. | | | Although some scholars claim the runes to be entirely of Greek (Morris in Odenstedt 359) or Latin (Odenstedt 362) origin, most scholars view this alphabet as a script of mixed origin. | | | This account, and the several runic poems associating meanings and images with the names of the runic letters, has led more recent occultists to attempt to reconstruct systems of divination using the runic letters. |
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http://www.icyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/r/ru/runic_alphabet.html
(1276 words)
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| | Runes History |
| | Belief in runic power was strong among the German soldiers during World War I. This was because "secret chiefs" of the Germanen Order, a runic society founded in 1912, signed their names in runic characters. | | | Continuing discoveries showed they had been carved by tribes in Northern Italy (Etruria); they were also present in Sweden, and among the Germanic people. | | | Dr R. Page of Cambridge University (Reading the Past - runes 1987) notes that the runic forms were well established and gave the appearance of having been in use for some centuries before the time of the earliest written language inscriptions. |
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http://www.adula.com/runes_history.htm
(1026 words)
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| | Ancient Scripts: Futhark |
| | One theory concerning the origin of Futhark states that the Goths were the inventors of Futhark, but there is insufficient supporting evidence to prove this theory. | | | Nobody knows the answer, but it might been some form of mneumonic function that was not preserved. | | | This means that the letter must have been created when there was a need for its sound, but due to tradition was kept in the alphabet even when there was no need for it anymore. |
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http://ancientscripts.com/futhark.html
(1299 words)
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| | Futhark |
| | Runic writing appeared rather late in the history of writing and is clearly derived from one of the alphabets of the Mediterranean area. | | | Because of its angular letter forms, however, and because early runic inscriptions were written from right to left like the earliest alphabets, runic writing seems to belong to a more ancient system. | | | Scholars have attempted to derive it from the Greek or Latin alphabets, either capitals or cursive forms, at any period from the 6th century BC to the 5th century AD. |
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http://www.crystalinks.com/futhark.html
(450 words)
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| | A short presentation and overview of the Rune alphabet, the futhark... |
| | This alphabet was used between 200 A.D. After 800 A.D. up to the end of the period during which the Nordic people used runes, Normal Runor (Picture 2) was the most common runic alphabet. | | | A fact that might support this theory shows that runes were used for a long time solely for recording formulas and oaths on weapons and shields. | | | Some rather imaginative theories have been constructed, one of which speculates that the runic alphabet was designed as a type of cipher, or code, not meant to be read by everyone. |
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http://www.luth.se/luth/present/sweden/history/viking_age/runes/nytt/overview.shtml
(897 words)
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| | Mystery of the Futhark Alphabet Page 1 |
| | The Futhark alphabet was used by the North European Germanic peoples (the Swedish, Norwegian and Danish) between the 3rd and 17th centuries A.D. About 3500 stone monuments in Europe, concentrated mostly in Sweden and Norway, are claimed to have been inscribed with this writing. | | | My claim is that the alphabets of these monuments found in both Europe and the Central Asia have stemmed from a common origin in a very remote past. | | | I would like to emphasize the point that I am not advocating any claim on these texts being written in the Gokturk script or vice versa. |
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http://www.antalyaonline.net/futhark
(226 words)
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| | Runic Alphabets |
| | Since the very first Runic inscriptions this letter had been extraneous. | | | The Younger inscriptions are more numerous (about 3500), and are mostly documents written in particular Germanic languages. | | | This meaning be explained the following way: at first runes were used as a sacred writing system, and later became not only the magic, but also the civilian script. |
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http://indoeuro.bizland.com/project/script/runic.html
(515 words)
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| | the runic alphabet |
| | This is known as the Runic Era which places us to date in the year 2253 R.E.. | | | The Runes go back when time began, we of Ásatrú have set a date from when the first Futhark was discovered 2253 years ago. |
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http://ragnarok.kccricket.net/runes.html
(344 words)
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| | Forgotten Scripts By Dino Manzella |
| | This book by no means is meant to be used to decipher scripts from around the world, nor to write spells for casting. | | | I knew that the runic alphabet actually existed because I saw forms of it in pictures and on lead figures all over the fantasy role-playing world. | | | I wanted to find out more on this topic, but I could only find bits and pieces of information within role-playing books. |
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http://www.afternight.com/runes/runes1.htm
(757 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | And then there are other glyphs % which I can only assume were also Runic inventions. | | | The alphabet consisted of % 22 letters and they were named after things. | | | % \end{abstract} % \tableofcontents % % % % \section{Introduction} % % The Runic alphabet and characters was in fairly common use in Europe, % particularly in the Germanic, Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries % until the Middle Ages. |
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http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex-archive/fonts/archaic/runic/runic.dtx
(2562 words)
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| | Old English Alphabet |
| | The earliest written records of Old English date from around 700 A.D. Early Germanic tribes had a runic alphabet, but it was only used for mystical, magical, or secret religious purposes, not as a tool for communication. | | | " come from the runic alphabet; the "æ" is simply a ligature of the letters "a" and "e" (though the name of the letter, the "aesc" or "ash", comes from its runic name); the history of the " | | | The first writing in Old English was done after the Christianizing of England by monks using the Roman alphabet of their Latin to approximate the sounds of Old English they heard from the populace around them. |
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http://homepage.mac.com/ebranscomb/courses/HEL/oe/OEAlphabet.html
(237 words)
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| | A Runic Primer |
| | This final variant was strongly influenced by the Roman alphabet as Christianity made its way into Scandinavia. | | | Some scholars believe that it was modeled on the Greek and Latin alphabets of the day. | | | Since the letters had to be carved into wood or chiseled into stone, it should come as no surprise that |
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http://users.adelphia.net/~kmjviking/Historical_Runic_Primer.htm
(448 words)
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| | Sorting the letter ÞORN |
| | The glyphs of the Gothic alphabet were derived from a 4th-century Greek uncial hand; the basic ordering follows that of the Greek. | | | The Romans learned their alphabet from the Etruscans, who themselves had learned it from the Greeks. | | | No national alphabetic order is intended to be replaced by a default sorting order; the default merely exists in case a national sorting order is not chosen. |
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http://www.evertype.com/standards/wynnyogh/thorn.html
(4833 words)
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| | Runic alphabet - Columbia Encyclopedia article about Runic alphabet |
| | There were two alphabets, one of 16 signs and the other of 24 (the same 16 with 8 additional signs). | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | The runes were adapted to carving on wood and stone; they consisted of perpendicular, oblique, and a few curved lines. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Runic+alphabet
(289 words)
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| | Orkhon alphabet |
| | Inscriptions dating from the later 8th century AD in a slight variant of the Orkhon alphabet, known as Yenisei or Siberian runes, have also been found around Yenisei and other parts of Siberia. | | | The Orkhon alphabet is thought to have been derived from or inspired by a non-cursive version of the Sogdian script. | | | The earliest known examples of writing in any Turkic language were found in the Orkhon river valley in Mongolia in the 19th century. |
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http://www.omniglot.com/writing/orkhon.htm
(297 words)
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| | Rune Meanings - The Elder Futhark |
| | The names of the runes of the Elder Futhark are speculative recreations of what linguists call "proto-Germanic", which stems from "proto-Indo-European". | | | : There is no historical support for a "Blank Rune" in runic divination. | | | The runes are broken into three sections or groups of eight, called aett (aettir, plural). |
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http://www.sunnyway.com/runes/meanings.html
(1218 words)
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| | UXO Stratics - Runic Alphabet |
| | The use of runic script has waned in recent years, yet one cannot journey through Britannia without encountering the ancient alphabet in maps, scrolls, or signs of various kinds. | | | To this day, formal pronouncements from the King are scribed in runic, so that the people of Britannia may never forget its history. | | | The severe shapes of runic letters reflect their first usage by stone cutters to denote places of worship or buildings of the sovereign. |
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http://uxo.stratics.com/content/history/runic_alphabet.php
(107 words)
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| | Ultima: Druidic Runes |
| | Many fans won't consider you an Ultima expert until you can read text written with the runes without refering to a chart like this one. | | | You can also download a runic font for the Figlet system. | | | If you have Microsoft Windows, you may want the Truetype runic font. |
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http://www.uo.com/archive/runic
(72 words)
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| | Why I love Elsebeth Lavold on Flickr - Photo Sharing! |
| | There is also an extended section on her development of the combination of increase/decrease with cable crosses to knit viking-inspired patterns. | | | I had to buy her "outdated[1]" Viking Patterns for Knitting book, after I saw the runic patterns (and knotwork dragon, Fafner). |
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/bajada/6469141
(138 words)
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| | Truetype fonts by Curtis Clark |
| | Although it is intended to further the educational mission of the University, the opinions expressed here are those of Curtis Clark, and do not represent official policy of the University. | | | Elder futhark (Windows - Version 1.1, Macintosh - Version 1.0) - The oldest Germanic runic alphabet, still used for divination. | | | Celtic ogham (Windows, Macintosh) - Carved on stones by Celts in Britain and Eire; representation of an older alphabet consisting of plant names. |
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http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/fonts
(211 words)
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| | KryssTal : Writing - Runic |
| | The Runic alphabet was developed for use with the widespread | | | [Evolution of Writing] [Evolution of the Latin Alphabet] |
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http://www.krysstal.com/writing_runic.html
(18 words)
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| | Untitled |
| | The runic alphabet or futhark (the third character has the value 'th') is shown here in one of its earliest forms. | | | THE OLD FUTHARK RUNES (PRE- AND EARLY VIKING AGE) -- 24 LETTERS |
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http://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/learning/runes.html
(74 words)
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