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| | 3.4. EXCHANGES WITH OTHER LANGUAGE FAMILIES |
 | | Semitic, like IE, has grammatically functional vowel changes, grammatical gender, declension, conjugational categories including participles and medial and passive modes, and a range of phonemes which in Proto-Semitic was almost entirely in common with PIE, even more so if we assume PIE laryngeals to match Semitic aleph, he and ayn. | | | Contact with Akkadian (the Semitic language of Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC) and even Proto-Semitic is attested by a good handful of words, esp. some terms for utensils and animals. | | | This is of course a speculation, a highly provisional thought experiment made in order to accomodate the theory of IE-Semitic kinship in the present theory of IE-Austronesian kinship. |
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http://www.bharatvani.org/books/ait/ch34.htm
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| | Afro-Asiatic: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | The Semitic, Berber and Egyptian branches are not tonal. | | | s-m "name" (Ehret: * sŭm / * sĭm), attested in Semitic (* sm), Berber ( isem), Chadic (eg Hausa suna), Cushitic, and Omotic (though the Berber form, isem, and the Omotic form, sunts, are sometimes argued to be Semitic loanwords.) The Egyptian smi "report, announce" may also be cognate. | | | Leo Reinisch (1909) proposed to link Cushitic and Chadic, while urging a more distant affinity with Egyptian and Semitic, thus foreshadowing Greenberg; but his suggestion was largely ignored. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/afro-asiatic-languages
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| | TheTower of Babel |
| | One of the dictionarys goal is to reconstruct the Semitic languages mother tongue, Proto-Semitic, spoken before the fourth millennium of C. by a highly advanced West Asian population whose descendants created such key ancient cultures as Babylonian, Assyrian, Ugaritic, Biblical and Rabbinical Jewish, Phoenician-Punic, early Christian Aramaic, Pre-Islamic and early Islamic Arabic. | | | This word--*kary--is the same in Semitic, Berber and Chadic, implying the commonProto-Afrasian--origin of this term. | | | Area of research: Semitic, Hebrew, Afrasian (Semito-Hamitic) and Sumerian etymology; Berber and Canarian; linguistic data for ethnocultural history; Jewish model of survival throughout history. |
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http://www.jum.ru/finproj/protol.htm
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| | Semitic - Network Live |
| | Proto-Semitic peoples, ancestors of the Semites in the Middle East, are thought to have been originally from the Arabian Peninsula. | | | Outside linguistics, the term's primary use in modern times is to refer to the ethnic groups who have historically spoken Semitic languages. | | | West Semitic Research Project Ancient images and commentary relating to the... |
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http://semitic.networklive.org
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| | ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE BIBLE |
| | Proto-Sinaitic is next found about two hundred years later in the area of Midian, a region which is believed to have been conquered by Egyptians who then employed Palestinian Semites as workers in their mines in that region. | | | In Western Semitic languages such as Hebrew, the name Abram (or Abi-ram) means 'the (divine) Father is high', but the name Abraham does not mean, as the Bible asserts, 'father of a multitude of nations', which would be redered as Ab-hamon, not Abraham. | | | The name itself is from a Semitic root that means "to travel by foot", identifying the Shasu people as pastoral nomads who migrated with the seasons from one pasturage to another in the western parts of the Near East. |
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http://cc.usu.edu/~fath6/patriarchs.htm
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| | NOSTRATIC DICTIONARY-PART TWO |
| | And the Semitic "cognates", cited in another publication, are in the semantic range of 'melt' and 'wilt'. | | | He, apparently, is not aware of 1) Pyramidic dfdf, 'drip', and dfdf.t, 'drop', which strongly suggest that the simplex is df ; and 2) the prefix n - of Semitic (including Egyptian) roots which conveys a "passive and reflexive meaning" according to Moscati (1969:126); ndf should, therefore, mean something like 'to bled dry by dripping'. | | | As we have stated repeatedly above, without a Semitic cognate, it is impossible to precisely determine the nature of a Nostratic laryngal or pharyngal, appearing in IE as a lengthening of the vowel. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803/NostraticDictionary-2.htm
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| | history_of_hebrew by David Steinberg |
| | In general, it can be said that each Semitic language preserved some Proto-Semitic features whereas while diverging from Proto-Semitic in other features. | | | Although no records of Proto-Semitic exist, through the comparative study of the various languages it is possible to deduce, in outline, Proto-Semitics phonology, much of its vocabulary and its grammar including some of its probable syntax. | | | Shortly after this split, the initial w sound in North-West Semitic became y |
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http://www.adath-shalom.ca/history_of_hebrew.htm
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| | Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion |
| | After all, the study of Arabic in the west has its origins in part in the discipline of comparative Semitics, whose founding purpose was to enable scholars and translators to clarify obscurities in the original Christian and Jewish scriptures by means of reference to related languages. | | | The Semitic languages, of which Arabic has always been the largest in its number of speakers and geographical distribution, are members of a family once named Hamito-Semitic, for two of the three sons of Noah, Ham and Shem. | | | The first to appear, in the book of Genesis, in the well-known rhythmic phrase, whose translation in the English Bible preserves a great deal of the majesty of the source language, is the very generalized Semitic word for the divinity in its local form: “Elohim”. |
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http://www.pakistanlink.com/Letters/2002/Jan/25/05.html
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| | Looking Over vs. Overlooking: Native American Languages: Let's Void the Void - FARMS JBMS |
| | Proto-Semitic and South Semitic w corresponds to Hebrew y, and Ugaritic and East Semitic lack either initial w or y, all of which suggests Hebrew. | | | Few language families on earth are so neat, clear-cut, and problem-free as Semitic. | | | Because not all spoken vocabulary would have found its way into the ancient text(s), certain items in other Semitic languages found to correspond to UA are worth noting, since those items could well have been in the spoken Hebrew language regardless their lack in an ancient text. |
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http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=jbms&id=112
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| | 5-1405msg1.txt |
| | nonetheless, least inchoately ( perhaps is inchoateness jeffers objects), * * notion syntactic reconstruction is surely behind claims proto - indo - european was sov proto - semitic was svo,. | | | hand, " unusual " changes change proto - semitic glottalic consonants pharyngealized consonants are much likely represent shared innovation, given typological rarity pharyngealized consonants. | | | hetzron 's proposal hebrew, arabic, aramaic constitute central semitic group is, believe, correct ; is supported much evidence hetzron adduces, much morphological morpho-syntactic ( e. |
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http://squash.ils.unc.edu/~efrom/data/lingspam/lingspam.stopped/real/5-1405msg1.txt
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| | FORWARD : Arts & Letters |
| | Meanwhile, however, it began to be clear that Semitic could not be considered an isolated family in itself. | | | The fact that there were connections between Semitic and ancient Egyptian had long been recognized, and starting with the 1960s, scholars of certain non-Semitic African languages began to point out an increasing number of resemblances between them and the Semitic group as well. | | | Rabin maintained, the Semitic "family" consisted of a group of originally unrelated languages that came to resemble each other because their speakers lived in close proximity for thousands of years. |
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http://www.forward.com/issues/2001/01.03.23/arts5.html
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| | SEMITIC LANGUAGES - LoveToKnow Article on SEMITIC LANGUAGES |
| | The period in which the Hebrews, the Arabs and the other Semitic nations together formed a single people is so distant that none of them can possibly have retained any tradition of it. | | | Some prominent scholars consider the birthplace of the Semitic race to have been in Arabia. | | | It is remarkable that some of the most indispensable words in the Semitic vocabulary (as, for instance, water, mouth and certain numerals) are found in Hamitic also, and that these words happen to be such as cannot well be derived from triliteral Semitic roots, and are more or less independent of the ordinary grammatical rules. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SE/SEMITIC_LANGUAGES.htm
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| | AncientScripts.com: Proto-Sinaitic |
| | Inscriptions dating to 1900 BCE written in what appears to be Proto-Sinaitic were found in Upper Egypt, and nearby Egyptian texts speak of the presence of Semitic-speaking people living in Egypt. | | | No matter where and when the adoption of Egpytian signs onto a Semitic language occurred, the process of adoption is quite interesting. | | | Egyptian hieroglyphs already have phonetic signs (in addition to logograms), but the Sinaitic people did not adopt these phonetic signs. |
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http://www.ancientscripts.com/protosinaitic.html
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| | JAARS Museum of the Alphabet: Moses |
| | He certainly would have visited the nearby turquoise quarries, where there were inscriptions written in Sinaitic, an early experimental Semitic alphabet. | | | About the fifteenth century B.C., a Semitic authority standardized the form of the North Semitic alphabet. | | | Moses came down from Mt. Sinai with the tablets of the law, written in the North Semitic alphabet. |
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http://www.jaars.org/museum/alphabet/people/moses.htm
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| | A - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | When the Ancient Greeks adopted the alphabet, they had no use for the glottal stop that the letter had denoted in Phoenician and other Semitic languages, so they used the sign for the vowel /ɑ/, and changed its name to alpha. | | | The Etruscans brought the Greek alphabet to what was | | | Its name must have corresponded closely to the Hebrew |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/A
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| | The Tower of Babel Affair |
| | The Biblical Hebrew or ancient Semitic root word (etymon) is most often only a slight deviation from their fictional "root". | | | The secular professors of Semitic all agreed that Hebrew couldn't be older than the dead Semitic languages of Akkadian or Ugaritic, and saw nothing divine or even different about the amazingly unique Hebrew vocabulary that we will study here. | | | Noah Webster, America's premier lexicographer, gives many "Shemitic" (Semitic) etymologies as sources for English words in what was supposed to be the great American dictionary. |
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http://www.ldolphin.org/babel.html
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| | NOSTRATIC DICTIONARY-PART ONE |
| | While a Caucasian root may not have much direct bearing on Nostratic, it does have potential significance for the reconstruction of roots in the Proto-Language, which, I would claim, is the ultimate source of Nostratic roots. | | | Bomhard's Jibbâli k.erd "throat" and Mehri k.ard "voice, throat", I consider to be possibly related to this root but in an indirect fashion since some IE languages do seem to show forms extended by an apical root-extension but I believe the evidence for an AA reconstruction of ar is overwhelming, and negates a direct development. | | | It should be noticed as significant that Bomhard is not able to cite a Dravidian form for either his root 529 or 535, which might support his reconstruction of Nostratic a. |
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http://www.geocities.com/proto-language/NostraticDictionary.htm
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| | the verbs to laugh and to kill in semitic |
| | the verbs to laugh and to kill in semitic | | | what is the form of qtl in sabaic and other semitic languages?is there similar roots in others afroasiatic lang.?thank you yusuf for the inform. | | | In sci.lang kiril semitic languages?is there BDB gives qtl (non-emphatic) for Arabic, Sabaic and Ethiopic, qTl for Hebrew ("late biblical" and rare) and Aramaic. |
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http://www.forum-one.org/new-1979218-4338.html
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| | Etruscan Hungarian List 3 |
| | gzr to cut off, destroy /West Semitic Root [ahd] | | | "to search (for), seek", "to look" (иÑкаÑÑ, ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ) /Proto Chukchee-Kamchatkan [ | | | Usage: For some speakers this can be used only as a variant for the noun saapola. |
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http://member.melbpc.org.au/~tmajlath/etruscan3.html
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| | ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE BIBLE |
| | Proto-Sinaitic is next found about two hundred years later in the area of Midian, a region which is believed to have been conquered by Egyptians who then employed Palestinian Semites as workers in their mines in that region. | | | The name itself is from a Semitic root that means "to travel by foot", identifying the Shasu people as pastoral nomads who migrated with the seasons from one pasturage to another in the western parts of the Near East. | | | The Semitic root from which it derives is probably kana, which means "low" both in the sense of lowlands and in the sense of "humble, dispicable, or subjected". |
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http://cc.usu.edu/~fath6/patriarchs.htm
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| | god and goddess list and descriptions |
| | AKKADIANS (2400-2000 BCE) A Semitic people living in what is now northern Iraq. | | | BABYLONIANS (1900-539 BCE) A Semitic (Amorite) people who achieved a long-standing pre-emminence in Mesopotamia. | | | Judaism, Christianity, and Islam each have their roots in the complex of pantheons current among Western Semitic folk some 3000 years ago, and I believe that it is vital, if one wishes to understand the modern religions fully, to gain a dispassionate appreciation for those roots. |
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http://www.webspawner.com/users/zauberstab/goddess.html
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| | Proto-Semitic Language and Culture. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000 |
| | B.C. In spite of the fact that the Semitic languages have been known and studied by scholars for many hundreds of years, the comparative reconstruction of Proto-Semitic is in many ways still in its infancy. | | | The emphatic consonants are characteristic of Semitic; in Proto-Semitic they were probably glottalized, that is, produced with a simultaneous closing of the glottis in the throat; this is how they are still pronounced in the Ethiopian Semitic languages. | | | For over 90 percent of these, the Semitic language is Arabic (over 400) or Hebrew (over 250). |
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http://www.bartleby.com/61/10.html
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| | Indo-European and Semitic languages – part one |
| | In the Semitic languages we can find some features which are also present in IE but it is hard to find them in other Nostratic languages: Uralic, Altaic, Dravidian and Kartvelian. | | | Certain grammatical features of the Hamitic and also Semitic languages, can be found in the Zinj languages as well, e.g. | | | In the perfect form of the Semitic verb, which is often marking the Past Tense and which uses endings rather than prefixes, transitive and some intransitive verbs had the vowel -a- at each consonant of the root (it is still so in Arabic which is relatively little changed). |
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http://grzegorj.w.interia.pl/lingwen/iesem1.html
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| | Proto-Semitic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Proto-Semitic is the hypothetical proto-language of the Semitic languages. | | | Egyptian branch most closely related to Semitic, suggest an original immigration of the Proto-Semites to the Arabic peninsula from the Horn of Africa, but assumptions about such early times are necessarily speculative. | | | The earliest attestations of a Semitic language are in Akkadian, dating to ca. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Semitic
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| | Proto-Semitic Language Roots Project |
| | The purpose of this project is to document the existence and use of the Parent/Child Root System of the Proto-Semitic Language. | | | Proto-Semitic refers to the ancient Semitic language used by Shem, the son of Noah, and his descendents. | | | From this original Proto-Semitic language is derived all the Semitic languages including Hebrew, Arabic, Aramaic, Phonecian, Akkadian, Moabite, Amorite and others. |
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http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/10_home.html
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| | Semitic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Since Semitic is a member of Afro-Asiatic, a principally African family, the first speakers of proto-Semitic are generally believed to have arrived in the Middle East from Africa, although this question is still much debated. | | | Chart of the Semitic Family Tree ( http://www.bartleby.com/61/tree.html) | | | With the emergence of Islam, the ascendancy of Aramaic was dealt a fatal blow by the Arab conquests, which made another Semitic language - |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages
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| | THE HOLOCAUST - Timebase 1910-19 |
| | These and his other writings soon involve Stauff in a number of on-going legal suits.) ( Roots) | | | "A great number of the brothers have already been killed in action." ( Roots) | | | She also claimed that Hitler told her that members of the List Society in Vienna had given him a letter of introduction to the President of the List Society in Munich. |
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http://www.humanitas-international.org/holocaust/1910-19t.htm
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| | Ethnologue: Introduction to the Printed Volume |
| | An ethnic group, however, may be made up of several groups speaking several languages, or the mother-tongue speakers of a single language may be members of several different ethnic groups. | | | This alphabetical index of country names lists the page on which the section for that country begins in the main part of the book, and the page on which its maps begin if there are any. | | | This figure is based on the thorough archival efforts of the United Bible Societies and the American Bible Society. |
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http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/introduction.asp
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| | Facts and History |
| | Northern Arabic is the closest living Semitic language to proto-Semitic. | | | Arabic (like other Semitic languages) has it's roots in proto-Semitic, a language probably spoken in Arabia first. | | | Arabic is a Semitic language (sometimes called Afro-Asiatic). |
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http://egyptmad.com/kimo_the_maniac/History.htm
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| | A History of the Arabic Language |
| | In fact, many linguists consider Arabic the most ëSemiticí of any modern Semitic languages in terms of how completely they preserve features of Proto-Semitic (Mukhopadhyaya 3-4). | | | As mentioned above, Arabic is a member of the Semitic subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic group of languages. | | | Going further into the relationship between Arabic and the other Semitic languages, Modern Arabic is considered to be part of the Arabo-Canaanite sub-branch the central group of the Western Semitic languages (323). |
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http://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/ling450ch/reports/arabic.html
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