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Topic: Political system


  
 Table of Contents and Excerpt, Nutini, The Mexican Aristocracy
As control of the ruling party is coming to an end, and the political system becomes more representative and democratic, politics as a source of wealth is being curtailed.
Thus ensued the tacit covenant that governed Mexico's political system throughout most of the nineteenth century: an increasingly mestizo political class which governed without undue interference as long as it respected the interests of the aristocratic and banking and industrial classes.
Because of the political inexperience of the aristocratic sector beyond the local and provincial levels throughout colonial times, the political vacuum left after Independence naturally was filled by Creoles, aided by the fact that aristocrats, so confident of their power, deemed it unnecessary actively to engage in politics.
http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exnutmex.html   (10968 words)

  
 Geertz, "Ideology as a Cultural System"
Further, the interest theory welded political speculation to political combat by pointing out that ideas are weapons and that an excellent way to institutionalize a particular view of realityÑ that of one's group, class, or partyÑis to capture political power and enforce it.
As a cultural system, an ideology that has developed beyond the stage of mere sloganeering consists of an intricate structure of interrelated meaningsÑ interrelated in terms of the semantic mechanisms that formulate themÑof which the two-level organization of an isolated metaphor is but a feeble representation.
The differentiae of science and ideology as cultural systems are to be sought in the sorts of symbolic strategy for encompassing situations that they respectively represent.
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~DRBR/geertz.html   (10139 words)

  
 DPD Chapter 2: The Locus of Development, the Micro-Macro Connection, and Exact Specification
The political cultural system, not the individual or social systems, is the locus of development.
This is a harder problem, but the answer still appears to be no. First, the concept of "political" in political development and political culture has been drawn widely enough to embrace every social form through which people relate to one another: political, legal, economic, religious, and general social institutions.
As part of the individual system, these beliefs are like any psychic phenomenon.
http://www.d.umn.edu/~schilton/Articles/DPD2.html   (4730 words)

  
 LLRX -- Update to Introduction to the Swiss Legal System: A Guide for Foreign Researchers
Because of Switzerland's linguistic, political, geographical and also religious diversity, the political system emphasizes political consensus.
On the cantonal and local level, people enjoy similar and often even additional political rights.
The people are also entitled to address requests, suggestions and complaints to the authorities (so-called right to petition).
http://www.llrx.com/features/swiss2.htm   (4594 words)

  
 PAKISTAN: Feudalism: root cause of Pakistan’s malaise - 25 March 2000
Where feudal lords occupy positions as political executives, they tend to consider the country as their property and the citizens as their subjects.
The influence of feudalism has been most predominant in the political sphere.
Authoritarianism is thus entrained in the feudal personality and is as essential to the feudal system as oxygen is to human life.
http://www.newsweekly.com.au/articles/2000mar25_pfrcopm.html   (2073 words)

  
 Aristotle's Political Theory
Politics is a practical science, since it is concerned with the noble action or happiness of the citizens (although it resembles a productive science in that it seeks to create, preserve, and reform political systems.) Aristotle thus understands politics as a normative or prescriptive discipline rather than as a purely empirical or descriptive inquiry.
Hence, Aristotelian political science is not confined to the ideal system, but also investigates the second-best constitution, the one which is the best that most city-states are capable of supporting.
Both of these conceptions of political justice are mistaken in Aristotle's view, because they assume a false conception of the ultimate end of the city-state.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics   (3098 words)

  
 Aristotle's Political Theory
Politics is a practical science, since it is concerned with the noble action or happiness of the citizens (although it resembles a productive science in that it seeks to create, preserve, and reform political systems.) Aristotle thus understands politics as a normative or prescriptive discipline rather than as a purely empirical or descriptive inquiry.
Hence, Aristotelian political science is not confined to the ideal system, but also investigates the second-best constitution, the one which is the best that most city-states are capable of supporting.
Both of these conceptions of political justice are mistaken in Aristotle's view, because they assume a false conception of the ultimate end of the city-state.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics   (3098 words)

  
 Postmodernism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
That the projects of the Enlightenment and modernity are alive and well can be seen in the justice system, in science, in political rights movements, in the very idea of universities; and so on.
The critics charge that the postmodern vision of a tolerant, pluralist society in which every political ideology is perceived to be as valid, or as redundant, as the other; may ultimately encourage individuals to lead lives of a rather disastrous apathetic quietism.
Other thinkers assert that post-modernity is the natural reaction to mass broadcasting and a society conditioned to mass production and mass political decision making.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism   (3098 words)

  
 Political Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
Politically, socialists claim that the free market system (capitalism) should be replaced or reformed, with most arguing for a radical redistribution of resources (usually to ‘workers’ – i.e., those socialists deem who do not presently own anything) and for the state or some form of democratic institution to take over the running of the economy.
Its political meaning is a social and political system without a state or more broadly a society that is characterized by a lack of any hierarchical or authoritarian structures.
The key question that divides political philosophers returns to whether it is the group or the individual that should be the political unit of analysis.
http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/p/polphil.htm   (6111 words)

  
 Elder über Schöningh: "Kontrolliert die Justiz"
At issue is not whether or not a particular system is accepted, according to Schöningh, but rather "welche Identifikationsmuster dieser Bejahung oder Ablehnung zugrundeliegen, vor allem, woraus sie resultieren" (S. Seen from the perspective of the German courts and the left-wing reporting, German political culture was anti-democratic and conservative.
Further, without a systematic consideration of the German Left itself, or the possibility of a plurality of political and philosophical dispositions within the judiciary, Schöningh's conclusions about a >lack< of republican political culture in Weimar are at best tentative.
With regard to the problems of the jury system that developed after the Emminger reforms (1924), the perjury trials crisis, and criminal law reform, leftists voiced suggestions, some of which were taken up in Parliament, but like so many initiatives they failed to survive the political impasses of party politics.
http://www.iasl.uni-muenchen.de/rezensio/liste/elder.html   (6111 words)

  
 Feudalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Like the French revolutionaries, Karl Marx also used the term feudalism for political ends.
Still others since the 1970s have re-examined the evidence and concluded Feudalism is an unworkable term and should be removed entirely from scholarly and educational discussion (see Revolt against the term feudalism), or at least only used with severe qualification and warning.
The autonomy with which the Normans ruled their duchy supports the view that, despite any legal "feudal" relationship, the Normans did as they pleased.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism   (2606 words)

  
 Sociology 350
The encomienda had legal, economic and political features.
The encomienda was a system by which indigenous labor was allocated by the colonial authorities to the Spanish settlers.
During the 16th and 17th centuries the majority of the native population in Latin America was subjected to the system of the encomienda (also called the repartimiento de indios).
http://www.unm.edu/~nvaldes/350/encom.htm   (1045 words)

  
 Political Philosophers in the World
She is devoted especially to the Political system of Britain and nationalism.
Her field of interest are political system under transition, comparative political analysis and social movements, environmental groups.
Her fields of interest in teaching and research are international political economy, political sociology and policy analysis.
http://lgxserver.uniba.it/lei/filpol/filpole/studiowofpe.htm   (1045 words)

  
 Modern History Sourcebook: Wallerstein on World Systems
The new world economy differed from earlier empire systems because it was not a single political unit.
Only the techniques of modern capitalism enabled the modern world economy, unlike earlier attempts, to extend beyond the political boundaries of any one empire.
Labor systems in both peripheral areas differed from earlier forms in medieval Europe in that they were established to produce goods for a capitalist world economy and not merely for internal consumption.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/wallerstein.html   (2442 words)

  
 International Political Economy
The theory of hegemonic stability holds that the world system is most prosperous when a hegemon exists to organize the international political and economic system and coordinate the provision of international public goods.
But there is some evidence to support my view in the increasing use of the term "global political economy" to refer to this new IPE's domain.
Robert Gilpin, whose 1987 book The Political Economy of International Relations defined IPE for the first generation of IPE students at Puget Sound, called his most recent volume Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order -- a title that seems to confuse the New IPE (global) with the old (international economics).
http://www2.ups.edu/ipe/whatisipe.htm   (2675 words)

  
 TAP: Vol 9, Iss. 40. Constraining Capital, Liberating Politics. Robert Kuttner.
Indeed, many on the left have moved to the center not so much out of choice or even political tactic, but because globalized capitalism seems to leave them little alternative.
Systemically, the effect of free capital mobility is not just periodic crises but a deflationary bias for the system as a whole, as nations competitively manipulate interest rates and exchange rates to reassure investors.
The collapse of the Bretton Woods system of managed exchange rates, in 1971-1973, ushered in a period of slow growth.
http://www.prospect.org/print/V9/40/kuttner-r.html   (2430 words)

  
 Cultural Policy Of Serbia
Among others, formal introduction of parlamentary multiparty system (with all political power nevertheless concentrated in the Socialist Party which was in power), and new republican Constitution were worth mentioning.
Though there is no coherent cultural policy without an ideology as a coherent set of political objectives, social values, beliefs and meanings (as was socialism, for example), still it could be said that in the last decade of the 20th century a concept of reaffirmation of the Serbian national and cultural identity prevailed.
Third, capacities also relate to the institutional system of culture which is obsolete and disfunctional, and as such, should be refomed.
http://www.policy.hu/djukic/papers.htm   (16196 words)

  
 Discourse.net: December 24, 2003 Archives
Honours and Honors: Why the UK's Honours System Is Under Attack, and What the US Can Learn From It The British press, and thus the British political class, are all in a lather about the Honours system; as a result of a pair of leaks, there is decent chance that the system will be reformed.
An honors system has always seemed to me to be a very cost-efficient way for a society to motivate, reward, and celebrate people.
Simply leaving the award in the hands of the President seems likely to make them too political, and to create a class of gifts that might flow disproportionately to campaign donors.
http://www.discourse.net/archives/2003_12_24.html   (16196 words)

  
 feudal
The status of a person depended in every way on his position on the land, and on the other hand, land-tenure determined political rights and duties.
458-484 The feudal organisation of state and society is the dominant fact of medieval history on its institutional side quite as much as the city-state is the dominant fact of ancient history from the institutional point of view.
The ordinary judges, the counts and their subordinates were forbidden to enter the enfranchised district.
http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/vinogradoff/feudal   (9209 words)

  
 Political Geography
Focusing on the relationship between location and political activity, the subdiscipline of political geography offers a unique vantage point from which to examine the development of the American political system.
The authors highlight the key role of geography in such crucial areas as the establishment of the nation's governing principles; the formation of political parties and coalitions; electoral history; the development of America's political economy; and its role in the world economy.
Political geography has long needed a comprehensive treatment of government and politics (including att itudes about foreign policy) focussed within the nation.
http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geography/dept/politicalgeography.htm   (240 words)

  
 CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Feudalism
For feudalism (like every other systematic arrangement of civil and religious forces in a state) comprises duties and rights, according as it is looked at central or local point of view.
We have already stated how by the land books the Anglo-Saxon kings (and the like had been done and was to be repeated all over the Continent) granted to others political ownership over certain territories that till that time had been in the medieval phrase, "doing their own law".
Feudalism, therefore, by connecting ownership of land with governmental work, went a large way toward solving that ever present difficulty of the land question; not, indeed, by any real system of land nationalization, but by inducing lords to do work for the country in return for the right of possessing landed property.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06058c.htm   (6892 words)

  
 Pakistan: A Political History]
Political confusion ensued as a result of Zia's proposal to postpone the elections to re-structure the political system in the name of Islam.
It is ironic that such political instability plagues a country whose number one objective of its leaders is to secure their own power.
He soon suspected that he did not have the political backing of the civil government in his aggressive quest in Kashmir.
http://www.askasia.org/teachers/Instructional_Resources/Materials/Readings/India/R_india_11.htm   (4535 words)

  
 Political Correctness - The Facilitator Of Terrorism
Don't kid yourself political correctness is a movement, a system of thought, a religion.
Nowadays, however, political correctness is also considered the proper standard for conducting the life of the nation.
The groups and institutions demanding adherence to political correctness are but one more attempt by the dark forces in humankind to exhibit themselves in our day and age.
http://www.protectourborders.org/pc.html   (3334 words)

  
 Terrorism - dKosopedia
Some people accuse Israel of engaging in state sponsored terrorism towards the Palestinians in this sense of the word -- claiming that it is wantonly harming innocents for no direct military purpose to achieve its political ends.
However, if a gang were to execute the same assault with the intent of causing a crisis in public confidence in the banking system, followed by a run on the banks and a subsequent destabilization of the economy, then the gang would be classed as terrorists.
Terrorism is the application of violence or threats of violence against civilians or civilian infrastructure to achieve political, religious, or social goals.
http://www.dkosopedia.com/index.php/Terrorism   (3547 words)

  
 Reading.2
Which labor system dominated at a given time and place depended on such factors as the area's natural resources, the number of Europeans in the area and the character of their economic activities, the size and cultural level of its Indian population, and the crown's economic and political interests.
At a time when scholasticism(1) was dying in (1) A system of theological and philosophical doctrine and inquiry that predominated in the Middle Ages.
This system, which had its origin in the Spanish medieval practice of granting jurisdiction over lands and people captured from the Moors to leading warriors, consisted in the as- signment to a colonist of a group of Indians who were to serve him with tribute and labor.
http://www.bradley.edu/academics/las/his/His105/Reading.2   (8866 words)

  
 BANGLAPEDIA: Decentralisation
Under the zamindari system the indigenous rural organisations in Bengal were decentralised with a view to providing for a sound revenue and political support base to the central government.
Besides, a new institution called the Swanirvar Gram Sarkar (self-reliant village government) was launched in 1980, in effect, to create primarily a political support base managed by an alliance of rural elite patronised by the government.
In January 1975, the multiparty parliamentary system was replaced by a single-party presidential system, and a new framework for local governance was undertaken.
http://as-bd.org/HT/D_0093.HTM   (1158 words)

  
 History of Work Ethic
This was a social, economic, and political system under which landowners provided governance and protection to those who lived and worked on their property.
Berenstein did not accuse the theological leaders of the Protestant Reformation of deliberately constructing a belief system which would support the new economic order, but proposed that they did misconstrue the realities of the poor and the unemployed of their day.
Weber further concluded that countries with belief systems which were predominantly Protestant prospered more under capitalism than did those which were predominantly Catholic (Rose, 1985).
http://www.coe.uga.edu/~rhill/workethic/hist.htm   (7565 words)

  
 CNN.com - No Sir! Stars who refused honors - Dec. 21, 2003
The previous week the Sunday Times carried leaked revelations about the 700-year-old British honors system which alleged "star" names from showbusiness and sport -- such as tennis star Tim Henman -- were added to the list at "add interest."
Would you refuse an honor from your country as a political protest?
Bernie Ecclestone, the Formula One racing boss who once attempted to donate £1 million to the Labor Party until the donation caused political uproar, turned down a CBE "for services to motor racing."
http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/12/21/uk.honors   (7565 words)

  
 Bolinas: Art and Activism
Now I don't deny the depredations of the political system, something from which we all have suffered and resent.
This one met with some difficulties because of its political symbolism.
Chinese traditional culture, Confucian thinking, tends to stress the didactic and political function of literature; it is a view that was pushed to the extreme in the Cultural Revolution and typified by the Eight Model Operas.
http://www.tsquare.tv/film/Bolinas7lee.html   (7565 words)

  
 Political economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Socialism, viewed as a system of political economy, states that the forms of production (on which labor is dependent to sell to) should be maintained, or overseen, by political power, and generally state power, in order to give their benefits to the many rather than the few.
Its development is related to the doctrines of the physiocrats, who based their theories of value on land, where as political economy began with assertions of the " labour theory of value " and the " quantity theory of money ".
Law since it concerns the creation of policy, or the mediation of policy ends through political acts which have specific individual results, is seen, in political economy, as both political capital and social infrastructure, on one hand - and as the result of the sociology of a society on the other.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_economy   (7565 words)

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