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| | Phoenicia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Historian Gerhard Herm further asserts that, because the Phoenicians' legendary sailing abilities are not well attested before the invasions of the Sea Peoples around 1200 BC, that these Sea Peoples would have merged with the local population to produce the Phoenicians, who seemingly gained these abilities rather suddenly at that time. | | | Traditionally, the city of Thebes was founded by a Phoenician prince named Cadmus when he set out to look for his sister Europa, who had been kidnapped by Zeus. | | | This league of independent city-state ports, with others on the islands and along other coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, was ideally suited for trade between the Levant area, rich in natural resources, and the rest of the ancient world. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia
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| | Phoenicia |
| | According to one theory the Phoenicians were immigrants coming to the region around 3000 BCE. | | | In general, one could say that today's Lebanese are direct descendants of the Phoenicians, but migrations and mixing of ethnic groups have been a part history ever since the decline of the Phoenicia. | | | It was in use along the coast of Syria, Lebanon and Israel, as well as in Phoenician colonies all over the Mediterranean Sea, as west as in northern Morocco. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/phoenicia.htm
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| | The Phoenicians |
| | This was due in part to the invasions of the Sea Peoples and the general disruptions of Late Bronze Age cultures throughout the eastern Mediterranean, with the collapse of Mycenaean and Hittite cultures and the destruction of city-states in the Levant. | | | Even if those responsible for policy-making in Phoenician cities at that time (the "hellenized" urban elite discussed above) had any conception of themselves as "Semitic," surely it was as Phoenician or Tyrian rather than "Semitic" in any general sense which included Jews and Ituraeans too. | | | Cyrus grants a royal concession of Phoenician timber to the Jews to rebuild Jerusalem and their temple. |
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http://history-world.org/phoenicians.htm
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| | Southern Federation of Syrian Lebanese American American Clubs |
| | The Phoenicians stated that, as they sailed west around the tip of Africa, the sun was to their right: seamen from the Mediterranean who had not actually been to the southern hemisphere could not have imagined such a phenomenon. | | | In the first instance, a Phoenician fleet was commissioned by the Egyptian pharaoh, Necho, around 600 BC to circumnavigate Africa, sailing out of the Red Sea and returning home by way of Gibraltar. | | | Certainly not the Egyptians whose timber was brought in from Mount Lebanon by Phoenician seamen and who commissioned a Phoenician flotilla to sail around Africa because they lacked the sea-going capability to do it on their own. |
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http://www.sfslac.org/Library/PhoeniciansDiscoverAmerica.htm
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| | Sicilian Peoples: The Phoenicians - Best of Sicily Magazine - Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Phoenicia, Carthage, Palermo, ... |
| | The Phoenicians' forced alliance with Persia appears to have earned the antipathy of the Greeks of the central Mediterranean, and this resentment was directed toward the Phoenician societies of Carthage, Zis and Motya. | | | Thus far, genetic traces of the Phoenicians have been more clearly identified in the population of Malta than among Sicilians, though much research remains to be undertaken in this area. | | | Relations with the Egyptians were usually good, but over time the Phoenicians found themselves at odds with the neighboring Assyrians. |
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http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art150.htm
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| | EDSITEment - Lesson Plan |
| | The Phoenicians were a trading people who came from the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. | | | Images of Phoenician ships can be also be viewed at this link from the Internet Public Library. | | | Photos of a reconstructed Phoenician ship can be found at the Phoenician Experience, also through the Internet Public Library. |
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http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=518
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| | The Ancient Phoenicians |
| | The trail ultimately lead to nothing for Renan's linguistic research, but during the investigation he found several granite slabs covered with Egyptian hieroglyphs, and a bas relief which he believed to be the goddess Hathor. | | | This allowed them to sail the open seas, and as a result, the Phoenicians developed a flourishing sea trade. | | | This find was the beginning of the rediscovery of ancient Phoenicia. |
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http://www.10452lccc.com/hist.geo/ancientphoenicians.htm
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| | Phoenicians - History for Kids! |
| | They became more important because the kingdoms which had been controlling them before (mainly the Egyptians, the Hittites, and the Assyrians) got weaker, and so the Phoenicians were able to get a little stronger and more independent. | | | These people, who had been called Canaanites, were now called the Phoenicians (foy-KNEE-shans). | | | Sometime in the Late Bronze Age, around 1300 BC, a group of Semitic people living on the Mediterranean coast in modern Lebanon became more important than they had been before. |
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http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/phoenicians.htm
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| | Chapter 4, Exploration in Texas |
| | In any case, Phoenicians would not have been confined to the waterway, since they were also experienced overland navigators; but the route would have been a logical one to or from the sea. | | | One theory, suggested by Covey, is that a party of Phoenicians might have descended the Rio Grande (leaving the New Mexico and Texas inscriptions near the waterway). | | | In the face of a lack of supporting evidence, this is hard to believe. |
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http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/publications/exploration/chapterfour.htm
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| | A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia and the Phoenicians, Punic, Canaanites -- The Phoenician Encyclopedia -- Encyclopedia ... |
| | Many historians and archaeologists of that persuasion claim that the Phoenicians Canaanites themselves where sub-Saharan African based on unscientific Biblical myths or some unfounded claims. | | | However, Phoenician blood runs through their own veins themselves and most people in the region -- Phoenician does not mean Maronite Christian only, something which nobody claims but which Arabists assume. | | | Phoenician Theology the oldest archive of the Western World from Eusebius of Caesarea (Theology link). |
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http://www.phoenicia.org
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| | [No title] |
| | Although over the centuries the partnership between the Phoenicians and Jews (Kheeberi), got steadily hazier and weaker, both groups had a dim memory of who and what they were until after World War II. | | | These two brothers were called Phoenicians and Jews (Hebrews). | | | That myth confuses and misdirects scholars, leading them into serious errors, for the Phoenicians themselves claimed to have been civilized since about 30,000 BC. |
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http://www.viewzone.com/phoenician.html
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| | Phoenicians - Columbia Encyclopedia article about Phoenicians |
| | By 1250 B.C. the Phoenicians were well established as the navigators and traders of the Mediterranean world, enjoying the commerce that had once been in the hands of the Aegeans. | | | In the 2d millennium the Phoenicians were pushed by the Jews farther westward along the Mediterranean. | | | Their communities were organized into city-states; the greatest of these were Tyre and Sidon; others were Tripoli, Aradus, and Byblos. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Phoenicians
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| | Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Hellenes & Phoenicians, c. 430 BCE |
| | These Phoenicians who came with Cadmus and of whom the Gephyraeans were a part brought with them to Hellas, among many other kinds of learning, the alphabet, which had been unknown before this, I think, to the Greeks. | | | The greater part made their escape, but some were seized and carried off. | | | The Cretans say that it was not them who did this act, but, rather, Zeus, enamored of the fair Europa, who disguised himself as a bull, gained the maiden's affections, and thence carried her off to Crete, where she bore three sons by Zeus: Sarpedon, Rhadamanthys, and Minos, later king of all Crete. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/430phoenicia.html
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| | Amazon.com: Phoenicians: Lebanon's Epic Heritage: Books: Antoine Khoury Harb,Sanford Holst |
| | I must add that it is refreshing to finally read that the Phoenicians are indigenous to Lebanon and infact did not migrate from some eastern location as some theories erroneously claim. | | | Three million Americans of Lebanese descent find their ORootsO here, in discoveries being published for the first time. | | | Join Amazon Prime and ship Two-Day for free and Overnight for $3.99. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1887263306?v=glance
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| | Phoenicians @ National Geographic Magazine |
| | Acting as cultural middlemen, the Phoenicians disseminated ideas, myths, and knowledge from the powerful Assyrian and Babylonian worlds in what is now Syria and Iraq to their contacts in the Aegean. | | | Matthews, Samuel W. "The Phoenicians, Sea Lords of Antiquity." National Geographic (August 1974), 149-89. | | | Nor does his bespectacled colleague standing beside him on the veranda, Pierre Zalloua, a 37-year-old scientist with a dark goatee and an intense passion for his Lebanese heritage. |
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http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0410/feature2
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| | Phoneicians and the Discovery of Glass |
| | The Phoenicians would then sail away with the traded goods. | | | The intrepid explorers were unable to find a passage from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. | | | Although Pliny was not adverse to exaggerating, scholars do accept his evidence that Phoenicians were the first traveling salesmen. |
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http://www.glasslinks.com/newsinfo/phoenician.htm
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| | History of Lebanon |
| | Often, to escape an invasion, the Phoenicians took refuge in some of their trading settlements, that gradually became colonies. | | | The Greeks changed the writing order from left to right. | | | The Phoenician cities were prosperous Sea ports, coveted by many people of the Mediterranean and the Middle East. |
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http://www.mountlebanon.org/historyoflebanon.html
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| | Canaanite & Phoenician History & Culture |
| | By at least the 11th century BCE, the Phoenicians have colonies and trade-staging posts on many Aegean and Mediterranean islands, including Crete, Cyprus, Rhodes, Thera, Sicily, Sardinia, the Belearics, and Malta, and have a working arrangement with the Etruscans. | | | When they recover from the invasions of "the Sea Peoples" from the west, Israelites from the south-east, and Aramaeans from the north-east, their territory becomes limited to a narrow strip of land along the coast extending from Syria to Israel. | | | Much of what we know comes from the writings of those with whom they traded or who, like the Greeks, were their rivals, and none too flattering in their jealousy. |
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http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Lofts/2938/histcult.html
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| | Phoenicians, Phoenix legend, history |
| | The Phoenician cities made no attempt to resist and acknowledged Alexander’s suzerainty. | | | (left) Carthage, Tunisia,West Mediterranean, founded by Phoenician princess Elissa of Tyre 814 BC | | | The Bible tells us about the first women who believed in Christianity and became the first convert outside the Jews to be a Phoenician women. |
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http://www.lgic.org/en/phoenicians.php
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| | History of THE PHOENICIANS |
| | The marks made by their scribes (working in the cuneiform tradition, with a stylus on damp clay) now attempt to capture the sound of a word. | | | Hiram, the Phoenician king of Tyre, is an ally and business partner of Solomon, king of Israel. | | | The extensive trade of Phoenicia requires much book-keeping and correspondence, and it is in the field of writing that the Phoenicians make their most lasting contribution to world history. |
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http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab89
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| | Term Paper on Phoenicians 2 |
| | They were know to have conquered the sea, and as one person put it "The sea called and the Phoenicians answered." They mastered the art of ship making, and used their skills to develop an advanced over-sea trading system with different … | | | The Phoenicians The sea lords of antiquity, the Phoenicians, were one of the most influential group of people of all time. | | | In conclusion, I do believe that the Phoenicians were not only a real civilization, but also a very important, thriving civilization. |
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http://www.swiftpapers.com/essay/Phoenicians_2-6537.html
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| | Age of Exploration - On-line Curriculum Guide - The Mariners' Museum - Newport News, Virginia |
| | Hanno wrote an account of his travels that survives in its Greek translation. | | | Little is known of the origins of this group of traders, though their roots are in the eastern Mediterranean. | | | This statement, which those early voyagers of the 7th century B.C. could not have made up, indicates that the Phoenician sailors did indeed circumnavigate the continent of Africa, well before any European. |
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http://www.mariner.org/educationalad/ageofex/phoenicians.php
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| | The Phoenicians (1500–300 B.C.) Special Topics Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art |
| | World Map, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. West Asia Map, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. According to ancient classical authors, the Phoenicians were a people who occupied the coast of the Levant (eastern Mediterranean). | | | What the Phoenicians actually called themselves is unknown, though it may have been the ancient term Canaanite. | | | For example, according to the Greek historian Herodotus, Phoenician sailors, at the request of the pharaoh Necho II (r. |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phoe/hd_phoe.htm
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| | DNA link between Phoenicians and Maltese |
| | Perhaps when the Phoenicians settled, they killed off the existing population, and their own descendants became today's Maltese. | | | Maybe the islands never had that many people, and shiploads of Phoenicians literally moved in and swamped the local population," stated Wells. | | | Y chromosome lineages seen today's Maltese population could have come in with the Phoenicians of 1200 B.C., according to National Geographic emerging explorer Spencer Wells and Pierre Zalloua of the American University of Beirut. |
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http://www.mirabilis.ca/archives/002185.html
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| | Palms in Europe, the Palms of Elche, article from Principes, International Palm Society |
| | Over 3,000 years ago the Phoenicians were the dominant seafaring nation of the Mediterranean. | | | The center of the plots were used for the cultivation of other crops such as pomegranates, also introduced by the Phoenicians. | | | The Phoenicians extended their influence farther west as far as the Pillars of Hercules (the Straits of Gibraltar) and beyond, using their trading posts as stations where boats could take on food and water and be repaired. |
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http://www.palms.org/principes/1995/europe.htm
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| | Mr. Dowling's Phoenicians and Carthage Page |
| | Carthage grew to become one of the mightiest cities of the ancient world, but the city was destroyed after three brutal wars with the Italian city-state of Rome. | | | The Phoenicians came from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea in land we now call Lebanon. | | | Their homeland was arid and inhospitable for farming, so the Phoenicians turned to the sea to become the greatest travelers and traders of their time. |
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http://www.mrdowling.com/609-carthage.html
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| | The Phoenecians |
| | Unlike the Greek settlements, however, those of the Phoenicians long remained politically dependent on their homeland, and only a few were situated where the hinterland had the potential for development. | | | The Phoenicians lacked the manpower and the need to found large colonies as the Greeks did, and few of their settlements grew to any size. | | | The Phoenicians were traders noted for their purple dye made from the murex snail. |
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http://www.barca.fsnet.co.uk/phoenecians.htm
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| | Elsa Marston children's author - THE PHOENICIANS |
| | Yet the Phoenicians were at the center of things in their day. | | | Any written record they left of their lives and beliefs, however, has long since vanished. | | | If an invading army was threatening your Phoenician city, and you were a member of the king's council, what would you advise him to do? |
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http://www.elsamarston.com/work9.htm
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| | The Odyssey - Book Fifteen - Detailed Version |
| | In return for homeward passage with her countrymen, she kidnapped Eumaeus. | | | Meanwhile back on Ithaca, Odysseus listens while the swineherd Eumaeus recounts the story of his life. | | | His nursemaid, a Phoenician herself, had been carried off by pirates as a girl and sold into slavery. |
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http://www.mythweb.com/odyssey/book15.html
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| | Phoenician alphabet |
| | The names of the letter are the same as those used in Hebrew | | | The Phoenicians were great traders who travelled all around the Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Europe, and possibly Africa The word 'Phoenician' come from a Greek word thought to mean 'dealer in purple' | | | The Phoenician alphabet consists of 22 letters, many of which have a number of different forms, and does not indicate vowel sounds |
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http://www.omniglot.com/writing/phoenician.htm
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| | Untitled Document |
| | “The Phoenicians,” encyclopedia entry for The World and its Peoples, Brown Reference Group Review of Alexander, AMICI (Newsletter of the Classical Association of Iowa), December, 2004 | | | International Travel Funds, June 2004 (for international conference presentation) | | | Review of The Enemies of Rome for Classical Outlook, Summer 2005 |
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http://www.uiowa.edu/~classics/people/moore-cv.html
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