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| | Papal States |
 | | Pius never believed that he, as pope, could allow his subjects to actually rule the Papal States, though many of them hoped to create a parliamentary state. | | | The church provided the rationale for the existence of the state, to allow the pope freedom of action without owing loyalty to any secular prince. | | | Pius was certainly no liberal, as he first appeared to some, but sinc erely hoped to modernize his state. |
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http://www.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/ip/papalsta.htm
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| | Papal States -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer! |
| | Sixtus IV (1471–84) ruthlessly pursued temporal power through the promotion of family members to important offices in church and state and through various conspiracies against his enemies, most notably the Medici family of Florence. | | | But the relationship between the two men deteriorated, and in 1809 the Papal States were annexed once again and Pius was taken prisoner. | | | This Donation of Pippin (756) provided the basis for the papal claim to temporal power. |
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http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9058317
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| | Papal states |
| | Papal States: Exiles and Political Prisoners An account of the composition of the political prisoners and exiles who were pardoned in 1846. | | | Papal Encyclicals Online Archive of encyclicals and other papal documents. | | | papal states united states states that allow states united states united states welding united states government united states fiorillo united states department united states congress united states code united states history united states house |
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http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/article-Papal_states.html
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church |
| | In 1808, because Pius VII would not close his ports to the English, the States of the Church were again occupied and in 1809 completely confiscated. | | | In addition to this Julius II in 1512 conferred on him the Vicariate of Pesaro, which had previously been a fief in the hands of the Malatesta and since 1445 of the Sforza. | | | The narrow police spirit of the absolute governments, which did not distinguish between what was justifiable and what was not, promoted the growth of dissatisfaction, which first took shape in secret societies. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm
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| | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PAPAL HONOREES IN THE UNITED STATES - INTRODUCTION |
| | This Association parallels similar associations of Papal Honorees which exist in France, in the United Kingdom and in various Italian and German dioceses. | | | Instituted in 1318 by King Denis I of Portugal as a Military Religious Order, the then Pope, John XXII, is described in some histories as having reserved the right for him and his successors to appoint knights. | | | Awards of membership in the Golden Militia have been documented since the reign of Pope Paul III but may have been made much earlier. |
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http://www.papalhonorees.org/intro.htm
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| | Life and Times of Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| | The German Kaiser had a secret agreement with Rome that in the event of a German victory in WW I, he would give back the land which they claimed was stolen by the Republicans. | | | Again attempts a march on Rome, but is beaten by papal and French forces at Mentana, and once again is arrested by the Italian government. | | | Hitler's Pope: the Secret History of Pius XII, by John Cornwell says that the main goal of the Vatican since 1870 was to get back the Papal States. |
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http://www.reformation.org/garibaldi.html
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - Crusaders of the Holy Cross: A Papal States AAR |
| | Milan was persuaded to become a Papal state in September of 1434, bringing Lombardia and Emilia, as well as a large port, under to direct rule of Pope Eugene IV. | | | Several months into his papal reign Aragon, with claims on the lands of Apulia, started threatening the Papacy for the return of those lands. | | | Martinus delgated these wars to his allies, Genoa was asked to aid in the defeat of the fleets of Naples and Aragon, who had honoured its comitments with Naples. |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=90876
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| | The Israelites in the Papal States |
| | The ghetto of Ancona is one of the worst conducted of all the ghettos in the Roman States. | | | This pope was full of humanity and did not change any of the ordinances that had been made during the time of the kingdom of Italy. | | | Happy and free, the Israelites were almost the equals of their fellow-citizens, under the wise and paternal reign of this pope; when at the end of ten years his death, which happened in 1825, carried desolation among his subjects. |
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http://www.jewish-history.com/Occident/volume1/june1843/papal.html
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| | Papal States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Later, with the French invasion of Italy in 1796, the Legations were seized and became part of the Cisalpine Republic. | | | 5 Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States | | | Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States
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| | Pope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The use of the sedia gestatoria and of the flabella was discontinued by Pope John Paul II, with the former being replaced by the so-called Popemobile. | | | As has been hitherto mentioned, the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States ended in 1870 with their annexation by Italy. | | | The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum — i.e., a sede vacante ("vacant seat") — were promulgated by John Paul II in his 1996 document Universi Dominici Gregis. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope
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| | Papal States: Exiles and Political Prisoners |
| | Papal States: Exiles and Political Prisoners The sharp conflict between various revolutionary cliques and the government of the Papal States forced many citizens into prison or exile for political motives. | | | This discontent among many local leaders supports the theory that fewer opportunities were open to them than to landowners in other Italian states. | | | The Romagna at the far northern end of the Papal States had long been its most turbulent region. |
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http://www.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/ip/papstaex.htm
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| | Papal Transition: On papal conclave & election of the next pope by Thomas J. Reese, S.J. |
| | The United States has 9.4% (not counting Cardinal Husar, who gave up his U.S. citizenship after returning to Ukraine), second only to Italy; Canada 2.6%. | | | The time in the chapel is for prayer and voting in silence, not campaign speeches. | | | John Paul II had audiences for diplomats and the press in the week after his election. |
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http://www.americamagazine.org/papaltransition.cfm
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| | EIPS - The Popes at War and the Fall of the Papal States |
| | His rule was only made possible by the bayonets of either French or Austrian troops, depending on current political fortunes, who came to the aid of the Papal army and of Pius paranoid attempts to suppress the slightest rebellion. | | | Although at first he appeared to hold liberal views, he quickly dashed the hopes of those who thought he would espouse the cause of a united Italy. | | | IT was on 21 September 1870, that Pius was finally informed that the last of his troops had been disarmed, that the papal flag had been lowered on the Castel St. Angelo and that his army and state were no more. |
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http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=papalstates
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| | Assassination of President Lincoln |
| | The Vatican HATED the U.S. before the fall of the Papal States!! | | | While visiting Alexandria, Egypt in late 1866, Surratt was identified as the wanted Lincoln assassination conspirator and arrested. | | | Before the fall of the Papal States in 1870, the Vatican HATED the United States and its Constitution. |
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http://www.reformation.org/lincoln.html
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| | Backgrounds to the Italian Renaissance |
| | Both the Venetian presence in the Papal States and the French presence in Italy threatened to make the papacy a pawn of either the Venetians or the French. | | | The forms of government that the various city-states assumed was as varied as the number of states. | | | Some of these states, such as Firenze (Florence), were named after the city from which they were ruled. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/REN/BACK.HTM
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| | Papal Heraldry |
| | The Papal States, as a political entity, now consisting of the City State of the Vatican. | | | The arms of the Papal States are: Gules, on an ombrellino gules and or, two keys in saltire or and argent. | | | The facts are that the pope granted these titles mainly to foreigners, not to his subjects in the Papal States; moreover, he continued to grant such titles even between 1870 and 1929, when he had no subjects and no sovereignty. |
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http://www.heraldica.org/topics/pope.htm
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| | The Papal States |
| | As the center of the Papal States, Rome expressed the struggle of the Catholic establishment for complete control of Christians worldwide. | | | The long war also had an influence on the economic life of the Papal states. | | | The religious wars of the European kings were also paid for by the Papal states, which caused a deficit in the papal treasury. |
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http://muse.tau.ac.il/museum/galileo/rome_eng.html
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| | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Papal States @ HighBeam Research |
| | Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years. | | | Pius IX was liberal at his accession and granted his states a constitution, but the events of 1848 turned him against the revolutionists. | | | Pius VI and his successor, Pius VII, saw their states curtailed, occupied, and twice abolished between 1796 and 1814. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:PapalSta&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf
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| | End of Europe's Middle Ages - Italy's City-States |
| | This terra firma policy, however, forced Venetian attentions inland and away from its overseas ties until, by the middle of the sixteenth century, Venice had ceased to be the world power it once was. | | | The conflict between the papal Guelphs and the imperial Ghibellines was to the benefit of many cities and by playing these two factions against one another, civic governments were able to organize and squirm out from under the direct control of either. | | | The situation worsened during the residence of the papal court in Avignon during the Avignonese Captivity (1308-1378) and the attitude of resentment was especially evident in the Papal States of central Italy. |
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/c-states.html
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| | Papal States Rome 2 1/2 Baiocchi - 1796 |
| | Similar with S.P. APOSTOLORVM PRINCEPS and the bust facing to left. | | | Papal States Rome 2 1/2 Baiocchi - 1796 | | | The Copper Coinage of the Papal States lists this as No. 810 on page 24. |
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http://www.napoleonicmedals.org/coins/papal96-1.htm
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| | Westfalen - Papal states |
| | Papal could be called as "Chruch states" also. | | | If you are interested of costs of units, please look at the "Unit costs". |
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http://www.westfalengame.com/papalstates.html
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| | Italian States / Papal States Bank Notes |
| | Papal States was an idependent territory under the temporal rule of the popes from 754 to 1870. | | | Italian States, consisted of a number of independent states and kingdoms including the Papal States, ruled Italy from the fall of Roman Empire to 1870's when they were unified under the Kingdom of Italy and Victor Emanuele was installed as king. | | | The territory varied in size at different times; in 1859 it included 16,000 square miles extending north-south on the Italian Peninsula, from the Adriatic Sea and the lower course of the Po River to the Tyrrhenian Sea. |
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http://www.tomchao.com/eu/eu35.html
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| | Papal States |
| | The central Italian states under papal sovereignty between 756, when Pepin the Short presented Ravenna to Pope Stephen II (reigned 752-57), and 1870. | | | The popes refused to recognize their loss of temporal power until the Lateran Treaty (1929) established the Vatican City as an independent papal state. |
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http://www.orbilat.com/Encyclopaedia/P/Papal_States.html
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| | MSN Encarta - Papal States |
| | They were also known as the States of the Church or Pontifical... | | | Papal States, territory of Italy formerly under direct temporal rule of the pope. | | | Become a subscriber today and gain access to: |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555561/Papal_States.html
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| | Roman States |
| | Nevertheless, it is a fair record of what people in Imperial times believed regarding the origins of the state, and as such, it very likely preserves some genuine recollection of early tribal rulers. | | | Recaptured by troops of Sir John Hawkwood (an English mercenary and Condottiere who had recently seized and then sold the city of Faenza) under the command of Cardinal Robert of Geneva (late Anti-Pope Clement VII), the place was savagely plundered and thousands killed; the massacre became notorious as the Cesena Bloodbath. | | | A significant garrison along a major road since Roman times, mention might be made of the heroic (but ultimately unsuccessful) defense of the town by Cia, wife of the Lord of Forli, against beseiging Papal troops in 1357. |
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http://www.hostkingdom.net/rome.html
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| | Pontificio |
| | It was made in small quantities for the Papal States (the Vatican, which was autonomous at the time) prior to their absorption into Italy and Italian unification in 1870 after the defeat of the Vatican forces in the battle at Porta Pia in Rome. | | | DISTINGUISHING CHARECTERISTICS: The M1868 Papal States Remington rifle is chambered in a cartridge unique to the Vatican, the 12.7 x 45, but which is very nearly the American.50-70 caliber. | | | Many of the captured rifles were re-issued to the Italian Army and later, after the widespread fielding of the M1870 Vetterli, most were issued to Italian allies in North Africa, accounting for the scarcity of these rifles. |
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http://www.militaryrifles.com/PapalStates/Pontificio.htm
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| | Papal States PPS 00 |
| | During the Ostrogothic period the lands were certainly not ruled by the popes, nor during the protracted Byzantine interlude following the conquests of Belisarius in the early sixth century. | | | Comments: The Papal States or, more correctly, the States of the Church, occupy the central part of Italy, in a broad belt from the east to the west coast, centered on Rome. | | | Despite the efforts of several popes to impose central authority over their lands, the region is a cosmos of petty feudatories and communes, most paying no more than lip service to Papal suzerainty. |
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http://www.hyw.com/hywdocs/fiefs/Other/PAPA0203.HTM
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - Papal States |
| | Any experience playing with the Papal States would be appreciated. | | | Anybody has played before as the Papal States? | | | Then as the alliences form join allieances led by big nations that includesmall italian states |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?t=126753
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| | Papal States - 1802 - Baiocco |
| | This thin coin is quite worn, especially on the obverse. | | | The 'AN SECVNDO' refers to the second year of Pius VII's time wearing the papal crown. |
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http://www.napoleonicmedals.org/coins/pst021.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | C. Popes governed Papal States like Feudal Appanages | | | D. Control over Papal States grew firmer in 1353 w/ Cardinal Albornoz | | | financially, States were a liability to the Papacy |
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http://www.harding.edu/USER/jmfortner/WWW/ITALCITYSTATES.HTML
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