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| | ORANGE FREE STATE - LoveToKnow Article on ORANGE FREE STATE |
 | | These emigrants left Cape Colony from various motives, but all were animated by the desire to escape from British sovereignty. | | | After the British occupation of Bloemfontein he cast in his lot with the Imperial Government, realizing that it had fought for those very principles which President Brand and he had labored for in bygone years. | | | This suggestion was not acted upon, but when war broke out in the Transvaal Brand declined to take any part in the struggle. |
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http://81.1911encyclopedia.org/O/OR/ORANGE_FREE_STATE.htm
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| | A Handbook of the Boer War |
| | Such is in brief the story of the Boers' claim to Natal. | | | The Boers proposed to shake themselves free from the Egyptian and to occupy Canaan. | | | This action not only brought the inhabitants under the commando law of the adjacent Republic by which a form of conscription was enforced, but also overcame the scruples of the Free Staters who could still maintain that they were only engaged in defending their own territory. |
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http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/5/6/9/15699/15699-h/15699-h.htm
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| | Government Ownership Marks |
| | Fianna Fáil, the Irish political party, was organized in 1926 with the goal of complete political independence from Britain, has long dominated Irish politics. | | | This mark has been seen on 1950's production No.4 rifles. | | | Six separate colonies until 1901, each colonial government had it's own defence and police forces and individual variations of government mark. |
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http://www.enfield-stuff.com/codes_&_marks/government_marks.htm
(3937 words)
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| | Armoria patriæ - Orange River Colony |
| | Jan Christian Smuts (who at the time of the annexation was still Attorney-General of the Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek) was to raise the matter at the League of Nations following the First World War. | | | Milner’s peerage meant in effect that the aggressor who had precipitated the war had now been rewarded for his efforts. | | | This was the first appearance of the springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) in any coat of arms, having been taken from the flag badge of the colony. |
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http://www.geocities.com/haigariep/ORC.html
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| | Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! |
| | The political structure of this new state combined traditional Boer institutions with Dutch and American constitutional theory. | | | These gains were made under the capable leadership of J.H. Brand, who was president of the Orange Free State from 1864 to 1888. | | | Early in the 19th century the Tswana were dispersed by Zulu military campaigns, and their place was taken by the Sotho (Basotho) and Griqua peoples. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebc/print_toc?tocId=9057265
(621 words)
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| | Concentration Camps of the Second Boer War and WWII - Glossary and Pictures |
| | Ellis, John: One of the first to speak out against the camps; coined the phrase "concentration camp," along with C.P. Scott | | | Hobhouse, Emily: delegate of the South African Women and Children's Distress Fund who visited camps in the southern Orange River Colony. | | | Bloemfontein: the largest camp in the Orange River Colony |
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http://www15.brinkster.com/fleurdiabolique/campsextra.html
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| | MSN Encarta - South Africa |
| | This area ultimately became the independent nation of Lesotho. | | | The Afrikaners in the Orange Free State encountered the Basotho king Moshoeshoe, who was ruling a loose group of chieftaincies from the mountain of Thaba Bosiu (in present-day west central Lesotho). | | | As settlers moved across the country they encountered resistance from the Bantu-speaking people, and in particular from the well-armed Xhosa, who had been moving slowly south and southwest for hundreds of years and were also in search of land. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557321_11/South_Africa.html
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| | Orange Free State |
| | The national flag of the Orange Free State was adopted in 1856. | | | Story of the Discovery of the Orange Free State Goldfields | | | The Orange Free State (Afrikaans: Oranje Vrystaat) was the historical precursor to the present day Free State province of the Republic of South Africa. |
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http://hallencyclopedia.com/Orange_Free_State
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| | Diamond Mines Of South Africa Continued |
| | This he sold for 12,420, and it is reported that it is worth more. | | | Since then the German Committee for Colonial Development report that 80 new companies have been formed. | | | The work is done by Kaffirs, and the white men oversee them. |
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http://www.oldandsold.com/articles21/diamond-12.shtml
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| | Orange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Orange Revolution, a political protest sparked by irregularities in Ukraine's 2004 presidential election | | | Free State Province, formerly known as the Orange Free State and Orange River Colony | | | A nickname for the Netherlands national football team |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange
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| | Encyclopedia: Orange River Colony |
| | The Orange River Colony was a British colony created by the annexation of the Orange Free State in 1900, after the Boer War. | | | People who viewed "Orange River Colony also viewed: | | | The colony achieved self-government in 1907, and on November 27 Abraham Fischer of the Oranje Unie became its first Prime Minister. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Orange-River-Colony
(772 words)
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| | Untitled Document |
| | He had in a way prepared himself for this important role by his political and social activities in Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, for many years preceding the founding of the ANC. | | | In Council debates he was known for the determination and stubborn manner in which he put forward his point of view" ("Mr. | | | Mapikela was central in organising the Orange River Colony Native Congress in protesting the formation of the Union of South Africa because of its disenfrachisement of the African people as well as ignoring their political will. |
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http://pzadmin.pitzer.edu/masilela/xhosaren/mapikela/mapikelaS.htm
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| | Orange Free State (South Africa) |
| | Certificates were issued for both in Afrikaans on 14 October 1983. | | | Carr goes on to say that some claim the three orange stripes were a reference to William the Third of Orange being the designer. | | | The actual arms of the Orange Free State republic were quite different, as you'll see at my website. |
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http://www.fotw.net/flags/za-o.html
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| | Abraham Fischer |
| | He became vice-president of the Orange Free State 's volksraad in 1893 and a member of the executive in 1896. | | | Continuing to promote the Boer cause he form the Oranje Unie party in May 1906 and became its chairman; the party the majority of seats in the colony's elections that were held in November 1907. | | | During the Boer War he went to Europe to solicit for the Boers returning in 1903 to practice law in the newly-formed River Colony. |
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http://www.freeglossary.com/Abraham_Fischer
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| | Orange River |
| | Sabine River Authority of Texas - Governmental agency of the State of Texas created as a conservation and reclamation district with responsibilities to control, store, preserve, and distribute the waters of the Sabine River and its tributary system for useful purposes. | | | The most notable tributary is the Vaal, which also rises in the Drakensberg east of Johannesburg and forms the boundary between Transvaal and the Free State before joining the Orange southwest of Kimberley. | | | Smaller tributaries of the Orange and Vaal, such as the Brak, Caledon, Harts, Klip, Modder, Mooi, and Vet, drain the entirety of the Free State, Lesotho, and much of the Cape provinces and Transvaal. |
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http://www.nebulasearch.com/encyclopedia/article/Orange_River.html
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| | Southern Africa : A Brief Philatelic History : Postage Stamps & Postal History |
| | The Boers defeated the Zulus at Blood River in 1838, thereby avenging the treacherous slaughter of Retief and his followers in 1837. | | | The Boer population trekked out to Transvaal in 1848. | | | Ex-German colony mandated by the League of Nations to South Africa after World War I. Nazi activities by German settlers in 1934-5 led South Africa to administer it as a province. |
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http://www.namibstamps.com/history.htm
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| | Transvaal Colony (South Africa) |
| | The Administrators lived respectively in Bloemfontein and Pretoria, and reported to him on their activities. | | | As far as I know colonial (and departmental) Blue Ensigns were the subject of internal Colonial Office/Home Office/Admiralty arrangements and no warrants were ever issued for them. | | | The badge, he states, came from the colonial seal. |
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http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za_tvcol.html
(877 words)
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| | Sources of English Constitutional History: Chapter 136 |
| | The executive government of the union is vested in the king and shall be administered by his majesty in person or by a governor general as his representative.... | | | The appointment and removal of all officers of the public service of the union shall be vested in the governor general in council, unless the appointment is delegated by the governor general in council, or by this act or by a law of parliament, to some other authority. | | | No person who, at the passing of any such law, is registered as a voter in any province shall be removed from the register by reason only of any disqualification based on race or colour.... |
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http://www.constitution.org/sech/sech_136.htm
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| | 408 |
| | Any Asiatic who brings into the Colony an Asiatic under the age of 16 (even his son!) without a permit for him, or who employs such child, is liable to be heavily fined or sent to gaol, and to have his own right to reside in the Transvaal cancelled. | | | Whether these are of any use for going into the Orange River Colony is not the question. | | | This right, so far as the permit can give it, is taken away. |
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http://www.mkgandhi.org/cwm/vol6/ch408.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Orange Free State |
| | But the British Government, whilst always claiming them as subjects and forbidding them to molest the neighbouring tribes, refused to annex the territory to which they had fled. | | | The total number of Catholics in the Orange Free State is about 2000, mostly of European origin or descent. | | | The former is spoken mostly in the towns and the latter — or rather a dialect of it known as the Afrikanische Taal — in the country districts. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11267a.htm
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| | Officially Sealed Mails of the Orange River Colony |
| | The Boer capital of Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, was captured by British forces in March, 1900 during the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). | | | Letter was unclaimed and returned to Leipzig, where two more official seals were affixed, this time by the Imperial German Post Office, after the envelope was opened to determine sender's address. | | | The territory was renamed Orange River Colony and remained in British hands until the end of the conflict. |
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http://www.poseal.com/orc01.html
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| | DOCUMENT 11 |
| | Indeed, it seemed to them deplorable that before bloodshed ceased the avowed cause of Justice, Freedom, and Equal Rights, for which the war had been undertaken, should have been so easily abandoned. | | | (4) "That your petitioners, therefore, humbly pray that the Imperial Government, when preparing a Constitution for the Self-Government of this Colony, would insert some clause which will either grant some representation to its Native subjects or retain the Administration of Native Affairs under its direct control until their enfranchisement is accomplished. | | | (2) "That your petitioners are humbly confident that the condition and welfare of His Majesty's Native subjects in this Colony will not be forgotten or occupy the background when the interests of other races of British subjects are being consulted: |
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http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/sources/karis/Karis_v1_pt1_doc11.htm
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| | Free State: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | For an alternative meaning of the term free state, see Free state (government). | | | Free State, formerly Orange Free State, province (1995 est. | | | Any state of the Union in which slavery was illegal before the Civil War. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/free-state
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| | Orange River Colony to Germany 11/30/00 |
| | Orange River Colony had been established on October 6, 1900. | | | The stamps on this cover were issued in 1900 during the | | | The Orange Free State first issued stamps in 1868. |
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http://www.stampwhiz.com/113000.html
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| | South Africa Provinces |
| | Free State: Orange Free State (obsolete); Vrystaat (Afrikaans) | | | Orange Free State: after the Orange River, which was named for the ruling Dutch family of Orange-Nassau | | | In 1900, the Boer republics of Orange Free State and Transvaal were fighting Great Britain and the British colonies of Cape of Good Hope and Natal in the Boer War. |
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http://www.statoids.com/uza.html
(1351 words)
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| | KROONSTAD - LoveToKnow Article on KROONSTAD |
| | On the capture of Bloemfontein by the British during the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 Kroonstad was chosen by the Orange Free State Boers as the capital of the state, a dignity it held from the I3th of March to the 11th of May 1900. | | | Kroonstad lies 4489 ft. above the sea and is built on the banks of the Valsch River, a perennial tributary of the Vaal. | | | To properly cite this KROONSTAD article in your work, copy the complete reference below: |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/K/KR/KROONSTAD.htm
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| | International Civic Heraldry - South African Civic Heraldry - ORANJE VRIJSTAAT |
| | The territory had been colonised since the 1830s by the Boers moving from the Cape Colony. | | | The new republic had no flag, arms or seal to put on official documents, so the matter to develop national symbols was rather urgent. | | | In the meanwhile the government had ordered a seal to be made in Cape Town. |
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http://www.ngw.nl/int/zaf/prov/ovs.htm
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| | WHKMLA : History of the Orange Free State, 1854-1902 |
| | Occupied in 1900, the free state was annexed in 1902, now called the ORANGE RIVER COLONY. | | | In the 1830es, Boers had migrated from the Cape Colony into the interior to escape the hated British rule, and settled the Orange River valley, without establishing a state authority. | | | History of the Orange Free State, from the Orange Free State Study Circle, a philatelic group |
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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/southafrica/oranjevrij18541902.html
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| | British Empire |
| | Most flag badges were based upon the Public Seal which every colony had to have. | | | However since the cost was not a Colonial Office expense, but a charge on the budget of the colony, the decision to apply was the choice of the Colonial Government. | | | Many thought that arms were unnecessary, or not worth the cost. |
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http://flagspot.net/flags/gb-colon.html
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| | South Africa The South African War - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ... |
| | The greatest blow to Milner's plans, however, came in 1905 with the victory of the Liberal Party in the British general election and the formation of a government led by men who had opposed the scorched-earth policy in the South African War as no more than "methods of barbarism." | | | Despite opposition from local whites, who feared the addition of yet another racial group to their community, Milner also supported the gold magnates' plans to import large numbers of indentured Chinese laborers to work in the mines. | | | Resistance continued, however, in the countryside, where the Boers fought a ferocious guerrilla war. |
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http://workmall.com/wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_the_south_african_war.html
(1089 words)
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| | STATE CLASPS FOR SERVICE IN THE SOUTH AFRICA WAR OF 1899-1902 |
| | They were issued to troops who served in the areas described below and who did not receive a clasp for any specific action that took place in the districts in question. | | | of May 1902, who received no clasp which had been already specified for an action in the Orange River Colony. | | | of May 1902, who received no clasp for any action already specified in the Cape Colony, nor the [NATAL] clasp. |
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http://members.aol.com/reubique/QSAstate.htm
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| | Eli Wiggill History - Chapter 33 |
| | These fields were on the banks of the Vaal River, which divides two Dutch republics, one called Orange River Colony, governed by President Brand, and the other The Transvaal, governed by H. Pretorius. | | | There is reason to think that one of these days, His Honor will be left to discharge the duties of the Government Offices himself." | | | All these reports made people in Queenstown District anxious to go to the fields. |
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http://www.olsenfamily.us/Powellfami/WiggilBentley/EliWiggill-Chapter33.html
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| | 240 |
| | This means that, if the reins of government were to pass into the hands of Sir Richard, Indians would face very hard times indeed. | | | Through him, the Liberal Government desires to unite the Dutch and the English. | | | He has met officials in the Colonial Office in London, and he is a favourite of theirs. |
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http://www.mkgandhi.org/cwm/vol6/ch240.htm
(378 words)
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| | A short history of South Africa |
| | Due to the French occupation of the Netherlands, Britain occupies the Cape Colony in 1795 and establishes it as a British colony in 1797. | | | As a result of the Boer Wars between 1899 and 1902 both the Orange Free State and the South-African Republic finally lose their independence. | | | Dutch settlers leave the Cape Colony in what is called the "Great Trek" and move inland to found New Holland in 1837 (named Natalia in 1838), the Holland-African Republic in 1852 (named South-African Republic in 1853) and the Orange Free State in 1854. |
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http://www.electionworld.org/history/southafrica.htm
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| | The Royal Philatelic Society London - Display by The Orange Free State Study Circle |
| | The Orange Free State Study Circle was founded on the 29th August 1953, to promote the study of the stamps and postal history of the Orange Free State. | | | In 1845, the Governor of the Cape sent Captain H.D. Warden, with a company of his regiment, to establish himself as British Resident, which he did on the site of the future capital Bloemfontein. | | | Thus, the independent republic, the Orange Free State, was formed in December 1836. |
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http://www.rpsl.org.uk/orange_free_state
(1922 words)
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| | Index |
| | Competition is rampant -- we have had to bid vigorously to win, especially for special material. | | | You will enjoy browsing through your favorite colonies as there will be many interesting discoveries for you to make. | | | There is strong Lagos with imperf color trials and rare issues; Orange River Colony includes the 1’ “V.R.I.” orange with raised stops (of which only 10 were printed). |
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http://www.colonialstamps.com/col101/colidx.htm
(436 words)
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| | Brief History: South Africa Travel, South Africa Safaris & Tours |
| | The defeat of the Zulus at the battle of Blood River in 1838 paved the way for the establishment of the short-lived Republic of Natalia. | | | The British briefly occupied the Cape between 1795 and 1802 to prevent it falling into French Royalist hands; with whom they were at war. | | | An uneasy alliance with the British kept the Afrikaners out of Basutoland; which eventually resulted in the establishment of a separate British Protectorate and ultimately the independent state of Lesotho; which is completely land locked by South Africa. |
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http://www.bookinafrica.com/articles/105/brief-history/info.aspx
(1998 words)
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| | High Commissioner for South Africa |
| | The title came from the fact that the Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Province (of the Cape Colony) had been called Commissioner to cover his function of negotiating with the indigenous peoples outside the colony. | | | But the High Commissionership grew in importance through the 19th century, as a result of his powers of negotiation with neighbouring states and his authority over other territorial administrators, including the Lieutenant-Governor of Natal. | | | The High Commissioner's flag (1935 design) may have been used on land after 1942; before that it should have been used only when the High Commissioner was embarked in a vessel. |
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http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/za-hcomm.html
(1442 words)
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| | Postage Stamp Information |
| | Orange Free State - official stamp - 1896-1899 - "Rijdende Dienst Macht" - "mounted police force" | | | Orange River Colony - "Oranje Vrij Staat" is German for "Orange Free State" | | | Pakistan - 1963 - commemorating Pakistan military forces leaving to take part of the United Nations force in West New Guinea |
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http://postage.20m.com/c0002925.htm
(246 words)
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Kimberley in Orange |
| | At the present day the vicariate includes the Orange River Colony, Griqualand-West, and Bechuanaland, and since the late Anglo-Boer war all this territory is under British rule. | | | The portion of South Africa which at the present day forms the Vicariate of Kimberley in Orange became in the division of the Vicariate of Good Hope part of the Eastern District, and later on part of the Vicariate of Natal. | | | In 1886 it became a separate vicariate comprising Basutoland, Griqualand-West, Bechuanaland, and the Orange River Colony (then Free State). |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08645b.htm
(1053 words)
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| | Orange |
| | Orange Free State (Rydende Dienst Macht) Mounted Police | | | Orange (British occupation) Orange Free State stamps overprint | | | Orange River Colony (British occupation) Orange Free State stamps overprint |
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http://www.kalnieciai.lt/zenius/africa/south/orange/orange.html
(63 words)
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| | AskPhil -- Stamp Collecting starts here. |
| | Odessa: city in the USSR, on Black Sea; 1878-1881, city in Russia, local post, see Zemstvo, | | | Oceanic Settlements: eastern Pacific French islands, including Tahiti, Society Islands, etc.; 1880: French colonial issues, 1882, June: overprint for Tahiti on French Colonial issues, 1892: stamps first issued, 1958: renamed French Polynesia. | | | Orange Free State: former Boer Republic in South Africa; 1854: established as a Boer republic, |
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http://www.askphil.org/b25o.htm
(5143 words)
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| | British Commonwealth Postmarks |
| | Focus is on villages with post offices around the turn of the century without attempting to include newer offices. | | | Names often changed because of confusing same or similar names in the same colony. | | | Some offices were open only a few months and have disappeared from modern maps. |
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http://www.pbbooks.com/cr1.htm
(554 words)
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| | Peace Treaty of Vereeniging, 31 May 1902 |
| | The benefit of this clause will not extend to certain Acts contrary to the usage of War which have been notified by the Commander in Chief to the Boer Generals, and which shall be tried by Court Martial immediately after the close of hostilities. | | | The Possession of Rifles will be allowed in the TRANSVAAL and ORANGE RIVER COLONY to persons requiring them for their protection on taking out a licence according to Law. | | | The DUTCH language will be taught in Public Schools in the TRANSVAAL and the ORANGE RIVER COLONY where the Parents of the Children desire it, and will be allowed in COURTS of LAW when necessary for the better and more effectual Administration of Justice. |
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http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/sources/docs/treaty-of-vereeniging.htm
(547 words)
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| | Orange River Colony to Ceylon 10/18/01 |
| | The Orange River Colony was created by the official annexation of the Orange Free State on October 6, 1900. | | | The surcharge for the subsequent printing has a | | | The stamp is a subsequent printing of the British Occupation |
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http://www.stampwhiz.com/101801.html
(234 words)
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| | OFS Root Page |
| | The Bulletin is the official journal of the Orange Free State Study Circle. | | | A mapping between old and current place names in the Orange Free State. | | | An interpanneau block of eight of the 1900 1d on 1d purple showing positions 57-60 of a top right pane and the corresponding stamps from the lower right pane (positions 3-6). |
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http://www.rickturner.net/stamps/ofs/ofsmain.html
(377 words)
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| | untitled |
| | This is one of the standard texts; Volume 1 has long been out of print and unavailable, and volumes 2 and 3 are becoming hard to obtain. | | | This section contains an electronic copy of Buckley and Marriott's Stamps of the Orange Free State. | | | Chapter 1 - The Orange Free State and its Stamps |
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http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/terrace/ymw18/ofs/buckley.html
(440 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | I have been three times in O. C.--or to be precise-Orange River Colony. |
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http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/images/pamphlet/aa_pa01/txt/p135.txt
(234 words)
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