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| | North Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | North Africa formerly had a large Jewish population, almost all of whom emigrated to France or Israel when the North African nations gained independence. | | | The Maghreb is a part of northwest Africa comprised of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara (whose political status is ambiguous), and (sometimes) Libya. | | | Prior to the modern establishment of Israel, there were about 600,000-700,000 Jews in North Africa, including both Sfardīm (refugees from France, Spain and Portugal from the Renaissance era) as well as indigenous Mizrāḥîm. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa
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| | North African Campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It is known that 897 Germans were captured at sea, while an additional 653 escaped. | | | Nevertheless, Vichyists put up a strong and bloody resistance to Allied forces in Oran and Morocco. | | | The Algeria-French Morocco Campaign started on November 8, 1942, and terminated on November 11, 1942. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_African_Campaign
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| | BBC NEWS World Africa How African is North Africa? |
| | Let the North African join the Arab League if they feel Arab, let the Ethiopian Jews go back to Israel if they feel Jewish. | | | It was what the Arabs called present day Morocco, because of its western location in north Africa. | | | Sadly most of us believe the artifical boundries you left us with and keep on waging wars and kill each other based on what you, the French and few other left us with. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3421527.stm
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| | North Africa |
| | Algeria is one of the wealthiest nations of Africa, mostly as a result of the export of crude petroleum and natural gas. | | | It is referred to as the heart and cultural capital of the Arab world. | | | Although not as fortunate as its neighboring countries, Tunisia does have several substantial petroleum deposits. |
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http://maps.unomaha.edu/Peterson/funda/Notes/Notes_Exam2/NA.html
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| | North Africa |
| | While Arab peoples from the East settled in the cities, most of the rural areas remained dominated by Berbers, whose traditions and beliefs were absorbed into the practice of Islam in this area. | | | This regime spread Islam to Spain and much of the rest of North Africa. | | | Thus, Islam had already become something of a political organizing tool, and it continued in this role through the struggle for independence. |
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http://www.law.emory.edu/IFL/region/northafrica.html
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| | Decision To Invade North Africa |
| | They would not admit that a North African operation in 1942 would rule out ROUNDUP and contended instead that early action in the Mediterranean would lead to a quick victory which would still permit it to be launched in 1943. | | | [16] That he was right is borne out by the fact that Churchill later wrote that he regarded SLEDGEHAMMER as impractical and accepted it merely as an additional project to be considered along with invasion of North Africa and perhaps Norway as a possible operation for 1942. | | | Instead he recommended that the American military chiefs proceed with planning for GYMNAST while the British investigated the possibility of an attack on Norway (JUPITER) a pet project of his. |
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http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/70-7_07.htm
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| | Global Voices Online » Middle East & North Africa |
| | Several members of the Global Voices community will be live-blogging the event: Middle East/North Africa Editor Haitham Sabbah, Iraq contributor Salam Adil, Iraqi-Australian blogger who now lives in the U.S., Fayrouz Hancock, Omar of Iraq the Model blogging from Baghdad, and Iraqi blogger Raed Jarrar (who will be present in the room in New York). | | | In 1976, Israeli policy of expropriating Palestinian land in northern Israel to build Jewish settlements provoked Palestinian residents in the Galilee town of Sakhnin to protest on March 30. | | | Middle East & North Africa, Morocco, Weblog, Freedom of Speech, Cyber-Activism, Food, Human Rights, Protest, Politics |
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http://www.globalvoicesonline.org/-/world/middle-east-north-africa
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| | africa |
| | Also this victory did expose the south of Italy to invasion and the Allies duly invaded Sicily which would be used as a springboard for an invasion of mainland Italy and from there parts of Germany in the south could be bombed to bring more devastation to Hitler's Germany. | | | By 1941, the Italian army had been all but beaten and Hitler had to send German troops to North Africa to clear out Allied troops. | | | If Britain controlled the Suez then Nazi Germany and the other Axis powers could not use it. |
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http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/africa.htm
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| | North Africa |
| | This is not a part of the ongoing conflict between the Arab Muslim north and Black Christian and Animist south, but rather is a dispute between the Arab Muslim north and a Black Muslim west. | | | The tribe absorbed large numbers of Jews fleeing Visigothic persecution in Spain and Byzantine persecution in North Africa, and converted to Judaism en masse sometime in the 600's. | | | Both civil wars are symptomatic of Semitic expansion southward and southwestward into areas - either Christian, Muslim, or Animist - which have traditionally been non-Semitic; Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Nubian peoples. |
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http://www.hostkingdom.net/noafrica.html
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| | Derechos: Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa |
| | Freedom of speech is greatly curtailed, and human rights NGOs and journalists operate under danger of arrests and lawsuits. | | | State Injustice : Unfair Trials in the Middle East and North Africa - 1998 AI Report | | | The Arab Center for the Independence of the Judiciary and the Legal Profession |
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http://www.derechos.org/human-rights/mena
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| | Western North African Christianity: A History of the Christian Church in Western North Africa |
| | The Roman empire fell during Augustine’s episcopate prompting the thoroughly Romanized Augustine to defend Christianity against those who accused the Christians for being responsible for the fall of the Empire. | | | The Byzantine rule was neither efficient nor popular; the local population viewed it as foreign, corrupt and venal. | | | Certain of the more rigorous of the North African churchmen, especially from Numidia, refused to recognize the sacramental credentials of priests who had been ordained by bishops who had returned to the Christian church after having denied their faith under the pressures of persecution, especially the persecution under Diocletian, which was well within living memory. |
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http://www.bethel.edu/~letnie/AfricanChristianity/WesternNorthAfricaHomepage.html
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| | African Studies: North Africa |
| | A Masters' thesis project on the history and cultural traditions of the Gnawa, with maps and suggested readings in print and on the web. | | | This website outlines various programs of the ODINAFRICA--a project involving about 20 African countries. | | | National Democratic Institute for International Affairs: Activities in the Middle East and North Africa (Washington, DC) |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/North.html
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| | Africa: NORTH AFRICA.(Bibliography)@ HighBeam Research |
| | All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. | | | Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years. | | | The above preview is from Africa, January 1, 1998. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:75997162&refid=holomed_1
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| | Middle East & North Africa |
| | In Somalia, the epidemic is believed to have similar dynamics, but few surveillance data are available. | | | Abstracted from Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, UNAIDS, July 2004. | | | UNAIDS estimates that between 21,000 and 310,000 people acquired HIV in 2003, bringing the number of people living with HIV/AIDS to between 200,000 and 1.4 million. |
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http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/global?page=cr06-00-00
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| | USAF Museum - WWII Combat Europe |
| | Amphibious landings were made at Casablanca and Oran despite strong resistance by Vichy French troops, but within several days, the area was secured by U.S. and British troops. | | | Please read the Privacy, Security and Use Statement and FAQ | | | On November 8, 1942, while the Afrika Korps was retreating westward from Egypt, the Allies invaded French West Africa in Operation TORCH. |
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http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/history/wwii/ce5.htm
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| | Mail & Guardian Online: Africa |
| | North Africa Gadaffi: Saddam is still legally Iraq's president | | | North Africa Sudan pledges peace while rejecting foreign troops | | | North Africa Cholera kills at least 238 people in Sudan |
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http://www.mg.co.za/articleList.aspx?area=north_africa
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| | African Studies Libraries and Archives on the Internet |
| | Powerpoint presentation about Aluka, an Ithaka project to create an online database of scholarly resources for research and teaching and to preserve materials in danger of being lost. | | | finding aids on government publications, anthropology, human rights, Islam, videos, literature, journal articles on Africa, African history sources, missionary records, the slave trade, current newspapers at Stanford, sources for South African biography, reference works, and journal articles. | | | African newspaper holdings in microfilm held by CAMP and CRL. |
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http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/libs.html
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| | Africa Leader - North Africa News |
| | Sephardi Jews from Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, former French colonies in North Africa, make up some 70 percent of France's Jewish population of... | | | Taylor said they escorted him north, then released him "in the middle of nowhere Before Taylor could cross into Cameroon, the agents who had freed him... | | | Zimbabwe was once the breadbasket of Africa because of its weapon and probably were critical in North Korea getting The government of Sudan also deserves to... |
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http://story.africaleader.com/p.x/ct/10/id/82d02f9fd73afff4
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| | North Africa |
| | This was now the stalemate which the allies had to find some way around. | | | This was one thing the Americans had to concede, there just wasn't enough landing equipment at this time of the war for a large scale landing in Europe. | | | Knowing this he looked to Africa as a way to gain territory and prestige in the eyes of his allies, especially Hitler, whose forces, up to this point, had been almost unstoppable. |
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http://www.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu/~lugert/wwii.htm
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| | North Africa |
| | When it became evident by mid-1942 that there could be no cross-channel attack in September, American planners acceded to a plan the British had been urging. | | | This was to use the means that would be accumulated in England by the fall of 1942, plus additional forces from the United States, to invade North Africa, where, it was hoped, French forces might lend support to the operation. | | | Their position was enigmatic, since the loyalties of the French forces had become split among factions following their defeat in 1940. |
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http://www.worldwar2history.info/North-Africa
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| | Brief History of WWII: North Africa |
| | On February 14, 1943, the Axis commanders sent German and Italian forces through the passes, hoping to penetrate the American positions and either envelop the British in the north or seize Allied supply depots. | | | Six days later the last Axis resistance in Africa ended with the surrender of over 275,000 prisoners of war. | | | Nevertheless negotiations soon led to a cease-fire, and French units joined the Allied forces. |
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http://www.worldwariihistory.info/WWII/North-Africa.html
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| | North Africa |
| | There is, however, a stretch of land running from the Atlantic Ocean to the gulf Syrtis Minor, two or three hundred miles deep from the Mediterranean, that people can settle in thanks to a regular supply of water. | | | The Africa of the ancients—the modern Barbary—lies between the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea. | | | This land of North Africa is in reality a part of Spain; the Atlas is the southern boundary of Europe. |
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http://www.barca.fsnet.co.uk/north-africa.htm
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| | OPERATION TORCH: North African Invasion |
| | After the loss of French Morocco, Germany remained on the defensive for the rest of the war. | | | The invasion was the first offensive operation that the United States undertook against Germany during World War II and was then the largest amphibious operation ever undertaken. | | | With this uncertain relationship existing between the Vichy Government and the North African colonies, the United States had to be cautious. |
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http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-cp/history/OperationTorch.html
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| | NARG homepage |
| | The North Africa Research Group (NARG) conducts multi-disciplinary basin analysis research with a petroleum geoscience theme in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Libya and Tunisia. | | | The group involves collaboration between Manchester, Heriot-Watt, Cardiff and Bremen Universities, all of whom have an established record of petroleum geology research, supported by a group of international oil companies with the desire to promote research in this area. | | | This website will look much better in a web browser that supports web standards, but it is accessible to any browser or Internet device. |
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http://narg.web.mcc.ac.uk
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| | Torch |
| | Churchill, on the contrary, was opposed to a cross-channel invasion because he felt the Germans were too heavily fortified to make a cross-channel invasion successful. | | | This proved to be futile because when Giraud met Eisenhower at Torch's headquarters at Gibraltar on November 7, the French general refused to give the order to his military to cease all resistance unless he commanded the invasion. | | | Robert Browning also points out in his article on operation Torch that a very large part of the success of the operation hinged on the French. |
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http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/torch3.html
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| | Worldworx Travel - Regional Information - Africa - North Africa |
| | The east coast looks out across the Red Sea toward Saudi Arabia and the Arab world. | | | Many of the North African countries are indeed made up of a predominantly Arab mix and by far the most dominant religion is Islam although Christianity is also evident across the region. | | | North Africa faces the Mediterranean Sea on its northern shores and the massive Atlantic Ocean on its west coast. |
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http://www.worldworx.tv/regional-information/africa/north-africa
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| | IOL: North Africa |
| | Ali Belhadj - the former leader of the banned Islamic Salvation Front - has been released from the Algerian prison where he spent the past 12 years for "terrorist crimes" in the North African country. | | | The Kuwait-based Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development has signed a R670-million loan agreement with Morocco to help finance a highway project. | | | Moon blots out sun in north-western Africa 2006-03-29 12:20:01 |
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http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=85
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| | Holidays in north africa, morocco, egypt, israel |
| | Don’t miss the Egyptian museum in Cairo where the legendary solid-gold death mask of Tutankhamun is on display, and marvel at the pyramids in Giza, the sole survivors of the seven wonders of the world | | | Tourism remains very low-key throughout much of North Africa, with the exception of Egypt and Morocco, though if you’re after a lively beach resort, many of the coastal Mediterranean areas can provide this too. | | | A holiday in North Africa, the colourful home of the oases and pyramids, is sure to be an experience like no other. |
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http://www.aito.co.uk/north-africa-holiday.asp
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| | Books: Africa: North, South, East, West, Central and Horn: Art, Culture, Music & Religion; History, Economics, ... |
| | We welcome you comments and suggestions for additional materials to add. | | | Africa General: Art, culture, music, religion, folklore and parables, history, economics, development, literature, politics and philosophy. | | | Most of what has been printed was done with small runs, so it is not widely available. |
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http://www.ibike.org/bibliography/africa
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| | allAfrica.com: Home |
| | South Africa: Zuma Denies Trying to Get Off Charge | | | Rebel and army chiefs completed a first full round of working talks on Tuesday in Côte d'Ivoire's rebel stronghold of Bouaké in what was described by the government as a sign of progress in efforts to reach an agreement over disarmament. | | | Southern Africa: Power Cuts On Way for Region |
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http://allafrica.com
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| | Foreign Government/Middle East and North Africa |
| | A 1999 report examining the laws and censorship in Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Tunisia and Yemen | | | Economic and social indicators for countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia | | | Multimedia encyclopedia of the Middle East and North Africa from ancient times to the present |
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http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/forme.html
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| | Mr. Dowling's Middle East and North Africa Page |
| | The Berbers are the descendants of the people who lived in North Africa before the Arab invasion. | | | This is because most people in those nations have more in common with people in Western Europe and America than they do with China or Japan. | | | Many of the nations of the Middle East and North Africa were once controlled by colonial powers. |
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http://www.mrdowling.com/607mena.html
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| | History of NORTH AFRICA |
| | This is occupied by the Berbers, nomadic tribes whose origin is not known but who are believed to have been in the region from at least 2000 BC. | | | There may perhaps be a link, in the migration eastwards of the Sahara people, but archaeology has found no evidence of it. | | | From about 300 BC the north African coast has, in Alexandria, one of the most brilliant cities of the Mediterranean world. |
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http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab26
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| | North Africa GeoNet |
| | North Africa is divided into five countries (Morocco, | | | On this page you can also find the latest petroleum industry news. | | | --Conference "The Petroleum Systems of Saharan Africa", 19-21 April 200 |
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http://www.northafrica.de
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| | Africa Action: Activism for Africa Since 1953 |
| | Africa Action is the oldest organization in the U.S. working on African affairs. | | | "Africa Action announced today that its Executive Director, Salih Booker, will be stepping down at the end of April 2006 to assume a new position as Executive Director of Global Rights. | | | Africa Action's important work will continue, as the organization builds on past successes and looks forward to new victories in the months & years ahead..." Go > |
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http://www.africaaction.org/index.php
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| | history of North Africa -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Account of the constitution of the city of Carthage on the north coast of Africa that was founded by the Phoenicians of Tyre in 814 BC. | | | Colonization, however, has also caused the bloodiest wars of conquest and the destruction of peoples who stood in the paths of spreading empires. | | | At some point, many hundreds of years ago, colonies of infected rats had been established in northern India. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110707
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| | Northafrica |
| | Rommel and the Secret War in North Africa, 1941-1943 : | | | Germany and the Second World War : The Mediterranean, | | | The Fall of the Fox, Rommel (World at War) |
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http://www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/oxford/285/northafrica.htm
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| | The Elegant Chef North Africa Cooking |
| | The foods are as diverse as the land, its people, and its history. | | | lthough North Africa is a single topographic unit, it is an area rich in geographic, political, social, economic, and cultural diversity. | | | The roots of North African cuisine go back over 2000 years and are attributed originally to the Berbers, a Christian nomadic people. |
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http://www.theelegantchef.com/north_africa.html
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| | North Africa GeoNet |
| | IEF (International Energy Foundation): founded in Tripoli, Libya in 1988, this is a non-political, non-governmental group of scientists, researchers, engineers and others from around the world, working together. | | | Don Hallett: consultant petroleum geologist specialising in Libya and North Africa. | | | North Africa Research Group GeoNet: Knowledgebase, Contacts, Cooperation |
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http://www.northafrica.de/libya.htm
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| | Desert War |
| | Rommel is giving priority to the Germans in the attempt to escape and his Italian allies are being largely used - and sacrificed to cover his withdrawal. | | | A British United Press war correspondent cabled last night that the artillery and armoured screen behind which the enemy were retiring to the north had been pierced at many points and that our fighting columns had pushed ahead. | | | In the late afternoon our armoured forces attacked and drove off a number of German tanks which were endeavouring to interfere with operations being carried out west of El Adem by Sikhs, Punjabis, and the Royal Sussex Regiment. |
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http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWdesert.htm
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| | Home of all things African |
| | DAKAR, 15 July (IRIN) - Idrissa Seck, one of Senegal's most popular politicians and a leading contender for the presidency, was questioned by police on Friday after his former mentor, President Abdoulaye Wade, ordered his investigation for fraud... | | | NAIROBI, 19 July (IRIN) - An East Africa Law Society report released on Friday cites evidence of corruption in the voter registration process on Tanzania's semi autonomous island of Zanzibar as well as an 'underlying environment of police brutality and intimidation' ahead of Tanzania's nationwide election... | | | Unlike other places, There is often a life story with every man or woman's journey to Africa. |
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http://www.warmafrica.com
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| | The on-going history of progressive music in North Africa. |
| | The rhythms are mixtures of Berber, Arab, African and popular European, performed to the artists' own recipe and vary to their interpretation. | | | In many ways, it is an independent form of music that has strong and variable Arab, African and European influences; an expression that has branched out and evolved separately from popular traditional Cha'abi music of the region. | | | With the exception of Rai, a form that has gained popularity in Europe and urban North America, the progressive sound remained local for the most part. |
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http://mywebpage.netscape.com/qtfusion
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| | Destinations: North Africa CDC Travelers' Health |
| | Diseases found in North Africa (risk can vary by country and region within a country; quality of in-country surveillance also varies) | | | Although the risk of malaria in North Africa is limited, travelers who become ill with fever or flu-like illness while traveling in North Africa and up to 1 year after returning home should seek immediate medical attention and should tell their health care provider their travel history. | | | Important: This document is not a complete medical guide for travelers to this region. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/travel/nafrica.htm
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| | North Africa |
| | Twenty-three million people are infected with AIDS virus,in sub-Saharan Africa, with new infections coming at the rate of roughly 5,000 a day, according to World Health Organization figures. | | | It took the police more tan 2 hrs to remove the cats before they can retrieve the dead body. | | | The King is appointing new staff in most top government jobs. |
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http://www.desert-voice.net/north_africa.htm
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| | North Africa |
| | This is a very handsome map of Northern Africa. | | | The map includes a beautiful large vignette of a village in the lower left of the map. | | | Mathews Northrup's Century Atlas, 1897, Africa: North West Part. |
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http://www.heritageantiquemaps.com/Africa/nafrica.htm
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| | French North Africa - Columbia Encyclopedia article about French North Africa |
| | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | French North Africa, originally general name for Algeria Algeria (ăljēr`ēə), Arab. | | | 28,539,000), 919,590 sq mi (2,381,741 sq km), NW Africa, bordering on Mauritania, Western Sahara, and Morocco in the west, on the Mediterranean Sea in the north, on Tunisia and Libya in the east, and on Niger and Mali in the south. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/French+North+Africa
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| | World Bank Group Middle East and North Africa |
| | The World Bank-IMF Annual Meetings 2004 press briefing on the Bank's work in the Middle East and North Africa Region was held September 29, 2004. | | | and the World Bank organize a series of high-level meetings to discuss the importance of the Knowledge Economy and its role for the development of the Middle East and North Africa (MNA) countries. | | | Christiaan Poortman, Vice President of the Middle East and North Africa Region, Mr. |
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http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/mna/mena.nsf
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| | BBC NEWS Africa Locusts 'heading to North Africa' |
| | The swarms are moving north as their food in the semi-desert Sahel area runs out at the end of the rainy season. | | | Dense swarms of the insects have flown to Libya, and are heading for Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, says the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). | | | Swarms of crop-devouring desert locusts are on the move and are likely to reach North Africa soon, the UN says. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3718726.stm
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| | ART HISTORY RESOURCES: Part 17 African Art |
| | Africa: The Art of a Continent (Guggenheim Museum, New York), with a link to a A Clickable Map of the Art of the Africa Continent, with further links to: | | | Africa (Professor Ron Johnson), with a map of Map of Contemporary Africa | | | Africa, Oceania and the Americas, with a link to Selected Works in The Collection of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts |
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http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHafrica.html
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