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| | Iranian Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The Iranian Revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from a pro-western constitutional monarchy, under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to an Islamic, populist theocratic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. | | | The leaders of Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf States were also distressed by the Iranian revolution, as a Shi'a minority exists among their nations (except in Iraq and Bahrain where Shi'a are the majority) and it would stir a civil war. | | | Torture, the imprisoning of dissidents, and the murder of prominent critics is commonplace. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution
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| | Fifth Monarchy Men - encyclopedia article about Fifth Monarchy Men. |
| | January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. | | | had been identified in the Biblical Book of Revelation with the ultimate human despot to rule the world, but who would be replaced by the second coming of Jesus as the Messiah, it only added to the belief that the fifth monarchy was about to begin. | | | Some prominent Fifth Monarchists were Thomas Harrison Thomas Harrison (1606 - October 14, 1660) was a Puritan soldier and later a leader of the Fifth monarchy men. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Fifth%20Monarchy%20Men
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| | Chronology |
| | Rwandan government agents were suspected, though the government blamed Hutu rivalry for his death. | | | Rwandan journalists attending a seminar pledge to refrain from inciting ethnic hatred. | | | Rwandan officials said troops killed some 80 people in a crackdown in the prefecture of Ruhengeri last week after suspected Hutu gunmen killed three Spanish aid workers (Doctors of the World) on 16 January. |
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http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/rwatutschro.htm
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| | The Strength of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1914 - John Garland |
| | John Garland concludes the discussion in the December issue, in a second article, in which the strengths of the Austrian Monarchy are outlined, and the article concludes with an overall assessment of the Habsburg Monarchy's strength in 1914. | | | Austria-Hungary was a dynastic state, a survival from the ancien régime in an age of rampant nationalism, a monarchy based upon peasant loyalty to their feudal lord in an era of burgeoning capitalism. | | | Among the Germans, Georg von Schoenerer, leader of the German National Movement, preached the destruction of the Habsburg Monarchy, the superiority of the German race, and violent anti-Semitism. |
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http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~semp/strength1.htm
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| | United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (usually shortened to the United Kingdom or the UK) is a country (or more specifically a constitutional monarchy or unitary state) off the north-western coast of continental Europe, surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, the Irish Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. | | | A United States CIA World Factbook Map of the United Kingdom | | | The Blair government has put off the question of participation in the Euro system, citing five economic tests that would need to be met before they recommend that the UK adopts the Euro, and hold a referendum. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom
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| | Iranian Nationalism - Persian Journal Opinion Latest Iran news & Iranian newspaper opinion |
| | The mullahs, who even during the time of the Iranian monarchy positioned themselves as the authorities from whom the Shah of Iran derived the power as Defender of the Shi'a Faith to rule, opposed this move. | | | And despite the fact that the regime needed Iranian nationalism to compete with Saddam's religious invocations during the Iran-Iraq war, Iran is primarily a fundamentalist Muslim country in the present day and age -- an outcome precisely contrary to the wishes of the two Shahs of the Pahlavi dynasty. | | | Curiously, as Taheri notes in his biography of Khomeini, the new Islamic regime was forced to adopt some of the vestiges of secular Iranian nationalism thanks to the onset of war against Iran by Saddam Hussein's Iraq. |
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http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/1639
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| | Rwanda, Country Information |
| | The Rwandan government insisted this would not be an amnesty because those released would still be tried while they were free. | | | The RDR condemned democratic donor countries financing of the elections, which it described as a violation of Rwandans' civil and political rights, and also a means of prolonging indefinitely the RPF's monopoly on power. | | | 5.44 In early January 2003 the Rwandan government announced that between 30,000 and 40,000 remand prisoners would be freed on bail in an attempt to ease the overcrowding in prisons. |
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http://www.ecoi.net/pub/panja1_rwa0023.htm
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| | The Overthrow of the Monarchy |
| | The constitutional controversy proved to be the spark that ignited the overthrow of the monarchy. | | | The new American minister in Hawai`i, Albert Willis, expressed to the queen the president's regret that the unauthorized intervention of the United States had caused her to surrender her sovereignty, and his hope that the wrong done to her and her people might be redressed. | | | To this "superior force of the United States of America," Queen Lili`uokalani yielded her throne, under protest, in order to avoid bloodshed, trusting that the United States government would right the wrong that had been done to her and the Hawaiian people. |
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http://www.hawaii-nation.org/soa.html
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| | MSN Encarta - Search View - Austria-Hungary |
| | The dual monarchy seemed to be close to breaking apart, especially in 1905 when, in Hungary, the defenders of the 1867 compromise were defeated at the polls. | | | There was considerable support among Austria-Hungary's Allied opponents for preserving the dual monarchy as a buffer against German power in the post-war world. | | | His actions brought an end to Austria-Hungary and to the Habsburg monarchy. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/text_761579967__1/Austria-Hungary.html
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| | Monarchy Lecture |
| | As some of you know, for me monarchy is a matter of family, of blood, of honor. | | | This is the type of monarchy against which revolutions were fought, and it is also the type of monarchy that was responsible for the strengthening of the arguments in favor of democracy and the republican form of government. | | | Monarchy in this case reinforces democracy and strengthens it, adding a centripetal and necessary aspect to the system's efforts at stability, especially necessary in view of the fact that modern democracy, by definition, is centrifugal and atomistic in its celebration of individualism. |
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http://home1.gte.net/eskandar/lecture.html
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| | Wide Angle. Printable Pages PBS |
| | During this period of royal dictatorship, between 1953 and 1978, political parties were outlawed, criticism of the monarchy was punished, and strict controls were placed on the content of newspapers, other printed materials, and the emerging mass media of radio, television, and film. | | | The government's fears were not unfounded: the writings of the dissenting expatriate community did have an impact on Iranian politics, and by the beginning of the twentieth century the coffeehouse discussions and reading groups had become full-fledged revolutionary societies. | | | The political consequence of this period of relative democratic openness was the rise of Muhammad Mosaddeq to political prominence. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/printable/iran_handbook_print.html
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| | The French Revolution (Encarta Encyclopedia Article) |
| | By 1789 many French people had become critical of the monarchy, even though it had been largely successful in militarily defending France and in quelling domestic religious and political violence. | | | Although it was agreed that France would remain a monarchy, the Assembly decided almost immediately that the constitution would not simply reform the old order, as the more moderate deputies wanted. | | | This time, however, the mob was not allied with the Brissotins, who still favored a monarchy. |
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http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~dino55/frenchrev.htm
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| | Iranian Jewry Celebrates Cyrus |
| | In the great gathering of world rulers and leaders on the occasion of the 25th centenary of the Iranian monarchy, the absence of the representatives of the Jewish nation is to be regretted. | | | Fourthly, with the arrival of the Jews from Babylon as free men and citizens of the Achaemenian Empire, the Iranian Jews became a community. | | | It was through this declaration and other decrees that the prisoners of Babylon were not only freed but were encouraged to lay the foundations of the Second Temple. |
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http://www.dangoor.com/74071.html
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| | Franz Mehring: Absolutism and Revolution in Germany (Part 3) |
| | To avoid this bankruptcy, the monarchy was forced, early in 1789, to convene the Estates General, the representatives of the aristocracy, the clergy and the bourgeoisie. | | | While they were thus hindered in developing their productive forces, the absolute monarchy increased its claims upon the purses of the bourgeoisie to a degree that was unparalleled and unheard of in the conditions of the time. | | | The absolute monarchy became completely intolerable for the lower classes. |
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http://www.marxists.org/archive/mehring/1910/absrev/ch03.htm
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| | Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The monarchy was reinstated and power handed to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi by the U.S. and U.K., whose rule became increasingly dictatorial in the following years, particularly the late 1970s. | | | From 1980-1988, Iran and neighbouring Iraq engaged in the destructive Iran-Iraq War. | | | Past governments have criticized the West and in particular the US for support of the Shah. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran
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| | Ted Grant The Iranian Revolution |
| | The monarchy in Iran has been finally thrown out as a result of the excesses, the corruption, the cruelty, the torture, of the last quarter century. | | | They see the monarchy tamed to a limited extent, so that a constitutional monarchy could act as a bulwark against the revolution, against the working class. | | | The civil service and bank workers have played, as in Portugal, a key part in bringing the absolute monarchy to its knees. |
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http://www.sozialistische-klassiker.org/diverse/Div42.html
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| | Solomon Wank, Center for Austrian Studies |
| | Rusinow, Ethnic Politics in the Habsburg Monarchy and Successor States," 256. | | | A third argument adduced to demonstrate that the Habsburg monarchy commanded the loyalty of the majority of its inhabitants is the enthusiastic popular response to the war and the fact that the mobilization of the army in 1914 transpired without notable anti-war demonstrations or resistance to conscription. | | | After 1867, the Habsburgs and the court increasingly appeared German and there was little that they could do to justify their ostensibly supranational rule vis-à-vis national elites and masses. |
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http://www.cas.umn.edu/wp933.htm
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| | Rumblings of a revolution |
| | Nearly 20 years since the overthrow of the Iranian monarchy, the Islamic regime that took its place is fast losing its last shreds of legitimacy. | | | But of late, Khamenei had begun miscalculating, and not surprisingly, his impartiality was exposed to be a hoax in the N ouri trial. | | | It was impossible to find any Iranian who would openly criticise the Leader or even question the judgment he exerc ised in particular instances. |
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http://www.flonnet.com/fl1626/16261200.htm
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| | The Anti-Hawaiian Sovereignty Page. |
| | Members of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement claim that the movement is not racist. | | | Hawaiian sovereignty refers to the racist political movement that asserts that the indigenous people of Hawaii are entitled to self-governance of the State of Hawaii. | | | Clearly, the Hawaiian sovereignty movement is racist to the core. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/4478
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| | English Dissenters: Fifth Monarchists or Fifth Monarchy Men |
| | One hundred Fifth Monarchy Men, and some 4000 Quakers supporters were imprisoned. | | | Concerning an alleged plot of the Fifth Monarchy Men, June 6, 1659 | | | The Fifth Monarchy Men were able to influence the election of a number of 150 delegates to the Barebone's Parliament (July-December 1653) which had been called by Cromwell to fill the void left by the Rump Parliament which Cromwell had dissolved earlier in 1653. |
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http://www.exlibris.org/nonconform/engdis/fifthmonarchists.html
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| | Det kongelige Bibliotek - Udstillinger - Kulturby 96: Porten til Europa |
| | The absolute monarchy was instituted by cunning and surrounded by violence, claimed Malte Conrad Bruun in Aristokraternes Catekismus from 1796, which forced him to flee to the island of Hven in the Sound. | | | The French Revolution revealed political conflicts, undermined the propaganda of the absolute monarchy and fanned a new political opposition. | | | Politics became a public matter, and a monument of liberty was erected in honour of the monarchy. |
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http://www.kb.dk/kultur/expo/porten/cult96/sect1-4.htm
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| | Baylor University The Pulse The Rise of An Ayatollah |
| | After condemning the monarchy, Khomeini sought to identify himself with Iranian nationalism. | | | Khomeini& deep aversion to the monarchy and the White Revolution was rooted in his local upbringing and education. | | | Iranians claim two complex and interlocking historical traditions: one originating in ancient Persia and the other from Islam. |
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http://www.baylor.edu/Pulse/index.php?id=23786
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| | canadian monarchy |
| | Arguments against the monarchy claim that its abolition would be a blow for democracy and remove an unnecessary expense for the Canadian taxpayer. | | | Throughout Canada's history there has rarely been much discussion or debate on the continued existence of the "Canadian monarchy." Historically, the monarchy has often been touted by Canadians as one of the key differences between the United States and Canada. | | | Canada is a Constitutional Monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch and head of state. |
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http://www.fact-library.com/canadian_monarchy.html
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| | Hebrew University excavations strengthen dating of archaeological findings to David, Solomon |
| | However, during the last decade various scholars criticized this view and claim that the United Monarchy of David and Solomon should be dismissed as a real historical period of any value in the history of Israel. | | | The scholars argue that these findings conclusively prove that they found at Tel Rehov signs of an urban society from the 10th century B.C.E. which can be compared with finds from other sites in Israel, such as Megiddo, Hazor and Gezer, which were attributed in the past to the United Monarchy. | | | A new, laboratory-based affirmation of the existence of a united Israelite monarchy headed by kings David and Solomon in the 10th century B.C.E. has been revealed as the result of excavations carried out by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Institute of Archeology. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-04/huoj-hue041303.php
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| | Michel Chossudovsky, IMF-World Bank policies and the Rwandan holocaust |
| | The release of multilateral and bilateral loans since late 1990 was made conditional upon implementing a process of so-called 'democratisation' under the tight surveillance of the donor community. | | | In this penetrating analysis of the economic and social causes behind the Rwandan holocaust, Michel Chossudovsky focuses attention on how the structural adjustment policies of the IMF and the World Bank contributed to the disaster. | | | /* ---------- "IMF/WB + the RWandan holocaust Pt1 & Pt2" ---------- */ |
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http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/35/033.html
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| | Vann |
| | The monarchy wished to be seen as a defender of native rights against the haole, in Hawaii as well as in the Pacific region (this is similar to the Third-Worldist discourses of leaders such as Sukarno in the 1960s). | | | While these works are commendable for their presentation of detail and chronology, dissent, protest, opposition, and transgression were often marginalized, and the growth of U.S. influence in the islands, culminating in annexation and statehood, was presented as a linear and coherent historical trajectory. | | | The fight for improved health care for the Hawaiians had a further political linkage as many Hawaiian voters blamed the smallpox outbreak of 1881 on the failure of the haole elite to meet the needs of their electorate. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/5-2/vann.html
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| | Nobody Notes |
| | Ahi, the spokesman for Reza Pahlavi's office as Iranian of the day for giving the Iranian world the news of the abolishing of once and for all the Iranian Monarchy. | | | Iranians worldwide, especially the three million in Diaspora, outside their motherland, have become ever increasingly vigilant in scrutinizing the media and scholarly circles to ensure that their historical heritage is represented in an objective manner. | | | I don't always agree with your views but I admire your guts as an Iranian American to be involved in politics and to have a point of view and campaign for it. |
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http://fafani.blogspot.com/2005/11/blog-post_113229373032199041.html
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| | Wormuth: The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism |
| | The Jewish state, he said, preserved the advantages of monarchy but escaped corruption into tyranny; it employed virtuous and wise men in the Sanhedrin, which was an aristocratic element, and these were chosen by the people, which was democratic. | | | The idea of balance which was expressed in the doctrine of mixed monarchy appears in the proposals of all constitution-makers of the period except the Levellers and the Rump republicans. | | | The conception of monarchy in the classical mixed state was in fact entirely alien to the medieval idea of kingship. |
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http://www.constitution.org/cmt/wormuth/wormuth.htm
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| | The End of Fascist Iranian Monarchy |
| | Their Evin torture chambers did not stop Iranians and pro-Democracy Iranian activists, and they were overthrown by the Iranian people, and no matter how much Iranian people hate IRI and want to overthrow IRI, we will never support the return of Iranian monarchy. | | | I am just one person speaking his mind, but even with all their finances and foreign support, Iranian monarchy is *finished* and this is why they try to suppress even one little guy speaking about their efforts to return the fascist monarchy to Iran. | | | Even Shah kept a clean nice facade while Savak was torturing people in the Evin chambers, and the likes of Sha'boon Bimokh attacked the Iranian pro-Democracy activists during the Shah's regime doing the dirty work for the Shah. |
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http://www.ghandchi.com/266-EndOfMonarchy.htm
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