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| | Corinth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | This weakeness allowed for the subsequent invasion of the Macedonians of the north and the forging of the Corinthian League by Philip II of Macedon against the Persian Empire. | | | 600 BC After the end of the Peloponnesian War, Corinth and Thebes, which were former allies with Sparta in the Peloponnesian League, had grown dissatisfied with the hegemony of Sparta and started the Corinthian War against it, which further weakened the city-states of the Peloponnese. | | | During the reign of Byzantine emperor Justinian I, a large stone wall was erected from the Saronic to the Corinthian gulf, protecting the city and the Peloponnesean peninsula from the barbarian invasions of the north. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinth,_Greece
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| | Arab League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدولالعربية), is an organization of Arab states (compare Arab world). | | | In turn, the memberships of the smaller GCC and Arab Maghreb Union organizations are subsets of that of the Arab League. | | | Member states of the Arab League (Western Sahara, which is not depicted as a member, is a territory disputed between Morocco and the Polisario Front's Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic government; it is explicitly recognized by the Arab league as a part of Morocco.) |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League
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| | The Arab League Charter (Pact of the League of Arab States) |
| | The Arab League was instrumental in organizing Arab violations of UN General Assembly Resolution 181, and attempted to raise an army for conquest of the portion allotted to the Jews in Palestine, and, as declared by the League, for the purpose of "ridding that country of the Jews." | | | The Arab League was formed in 1945, based on the resolutions of the Alexandria Protocol, to protect Arab interests, and in particular to obtain greater freedom from foreign rule and to prevent further development of Palestine as the Jewish national home under the British Mandate. | | | The League of Arab States shall be composed of the: independent Arab States that have signed this Pact. |
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http://www.mideastweb.org/arableague.htm
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| | The Hanseatic League in the Eastern Baltic |
| | It never fully joined the Hanseatic League, but in 1259, the League established a Kontor, a trading post, which enjoyed most of the Baltic trade for Russian goods for at least a century and eliminated the need for ships to sail the dangerous northern route around Scandinavia. | | | Merchants who were not German and did not belong to the Hansa (so-called non-Germans were forbidden from joining the League) faced severe trade restrictions in the Baltic. | | | Though Hansa relations were primarily economic in nature, the League became a formidable political and military power in the 14 |
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http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/hansa.html
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| | Peloponnesian League |
| | Because the members of the Peloponnesian League were believed to voluntarily follow Sparta's lead, the autonomy clause did not apply to the Spartan alliance. | | | After the Peloponnesian War, in which the Spartans and their allies defeated the Athenians and their allies, the Peloponnesian League continued to exist, even when the Persian king Artaxerxes II Mnemon made the Greeks sign a common peace treaty in which the autonomy of all towns was guaranteed ("the King's peace", 387/386). | | | During the Persian War (480-479), the Peloponnesian League was the model of the Hellenic League that fought against the invaders. |
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http://www.livius.org/so-st/sparta/peloponnesian_league.html
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| | DELIAN LEAGUE - LoveToKnow Article on DELIAN LEAGUE |
| | Some success in Macedonia roused the hostility of Thebes, and the subsequent attempts on Amphipolis caused the Chalcidians to declare against the league. | | | The general affairs of the league were managed by a synod which met periodically in the temple of Apollo and Artemis at Delos, the ancient centre sanctified by the common worship of the Ionians. | | | The league was further weakened by the secession of Corcyra, and by 355 was reduced to Athens, Eubora and a few islands. |
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http://68.1911encyclopedia.org/D/DE/DELIAN_LEAGUE.htm
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| | Arab League |
| | The original goals of the league were to gain independence for Arab states, as well as to stop Jewish immigration to Palestine, and hinder the establishment of a Jewish state. | | | — The Arab League is recognized by the United Nations, and becomes the UN's organization for education, science and culture in the Arab region. | | | The Arab League is also the headquarter of 17 Arab trade unions. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/arab_league.htm
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| | USATODAY.com - Libya announces withdrawal from Arab League |
| | In Tripoli, Libyan officials said Gadhafi was unhappy with the Arab League's inability to deal with current Arab issues, mainly the standoff between Iraq and the United States and violence between Israelis and the Palestinians. | | | Libyan officials cited the Arab League's inefficiency in dealing with the crises over Iraq and the Palestinians. | | | Arab League spokesman Hisham Youssef confirmed the 22-nation organization had received the official notice from the Libyans. |
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http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-10-24-libya-arableague_x.htm
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| | BBC NEWS World Middle East Country profiles Profile: Arab League |
| | The League of Arab States, or Arab League, is a voluntary association of countries whose peoples are mainly Arabic speaking. | | | The idea of the Arab League was mooted in 1942 by the British, who wanted to rally Arab countries against the Axis powers. | | | At that time the issues that dominated the league's agenda were freeing those Arab countries still under colonial rule, and preventing the Jewish minority in Palestine from creating a Jewish state. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1550797.stm
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| | Arab League on Encyclopedia.com |
| | ARAB LEAGUE [Arab League] popular name for the League of Arab States, formed in 1945 in an attempt to give political expression to the Arab nations. | | | A representative of Palestinian Arabs, although he did not sign the charter because he represented no recognized government, was given full status and a vote in the Arab League. | | | Among the most important activities of the Arab League have been its attempts to coordinate Arab economic life; efforts toward this aim include the Arab Telecommunications Union (1953), the Arab Postal Union (1954), and the Arab Development Bank (1959, later known as the Arab Financial Organization). |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/a/arabl1eag.asp
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| | Al-Ahram Weekly Opinion A sustainable Arab League |
| | Perhaps he is also unaware that Arab governments reject the UN and US State Department reports on human rights violations in their countries and are extremely unlikely to agree that writing such reports should become one of the functions of the Arab League. | | | Certainly, the millions on the second list merit a portion of the attention of Arab foreign ministers, if the desire for domestic political reform and the intention to rescue the Arab people, the Arab order and the Arab League from their crisis are sincere. | | | Other writers have suggested that the Arab League be conferred the right to judge the success or failure of foreign policies and performance of its member states in accordance with a set of criteria it devises either independently or in cooperation with organisations or persons with expertise in these matters. |
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http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/646/op13.htm
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| | anticomm.txt |
| | Now the book "Inside the League" exposes the hidden nature of the League and documents in devastating detail a parade of League-affiliated authoritarian ideologues marching from the death camps of Nazi Germany into the parlors of Reagan's White House. | | | The Latin American death squads, for instance, were found to be linked through an umbrella group of Central and South American rightists called the Latin American Anti-Communist Confederation (CAL). | | | Enlisting the aid of his brother Scott, the two first began tracing the connections between the death squads but soon were unravelling networks and alliances that involved terrorists, Nazi collaborators, racists, assassins, anti-Jewish bigots, and right- wing anti-communist American politicians. |
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http://www.textfiles.com/reports/ACE/anticomm.txt
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| | Giving Voice to the Arab League: Who Failed? |
| | Dismissing Arab League efforts as “anachronistic” and demonstrating “inverted logic,” the Foreign Ministry spokesman attempted to divert any substantive media and political discussion or focus from the issue that is the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict: Israel’s occupation of Arab lands. | | | The Arab League is stigmatized and effectively ignored in the U.S. In a classic example of doublespeak, Ereli later added in regard to the League’s reaffirmation of its 2002 peace proposal, “I’m not speaking non-supportively of it. | | | For example, despite the League’s snub to the Jordanian normalization proposal, the March 24 editorial in Jordan’s Addustour saw the summit as a positive symbol of the united resolve of the Arab world in reconfirming the importance of the 2002 summit’s peace initiative. |
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http://www.wrmea.com/archives/May-June_2005/0505034.html
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| | Arab League boycott - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Arab League Boycott is the systematic effort by Arab states to economically isolate Israel by boycotting products and services which originate in Israel (the primary boycott), businesses that operate in Israel (the secondary boycott), and businesses which have relationships with businesses which operate in Israel (the tertiary boycott). | | | Because of the boycott, certain products which were ubiquitous elsewhere in the world, such as Coca-Cola were not to be found in the Arab world. | | | The decision to leave the boycott accepted in a hard criticism in the public in Bahrain, and in October 11 the Bahraini parliament voted in a non-binding voting for returning of Bahrain to participation in the boycott. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League_boycott
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| | PELOPONNESIAN WAR - LoveToKnow Article on PELOPONNESIAN WAR |
| | Nicias failed in a plot with the democratic party in Megara to seize that town; and the briffiant campaigns of Brasidas (q.v.) in the north-east, culminating in the capture of Amphipolis (422), finally destroyed the Athenian hopes of recovering their land empire, and entirely restored the balance of success and Spartan prestige. | | | The Athenians failed in an expedition to Chalcidice under Xenophon, while the Spartan Cnemus with Chaonian and Epirot allies was repulsed from Stratus, capital of Acarnania, and Phormio with only 20 ships defeated the Corinthian fleet of ~7 sail in the Gulf of Corinth. | | | About this time the duplicity of Tissaphemn.es who having again and again promised a Phoenician fleet and having actually brought it to the Aegean finally dismissed it on the excuse of trouble in the Levantand the vigorous honesty of Pharnabazus definitely transferred the Peloponnesian forces to the north-west coast of Asia Minor and the Hellespont. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PE/PELOPONNESIAN_WAR.htm
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| | Arab League < Government < International < Region < : news |
| | The Arab League on Saturday cited the Algerian presidential elections on April 8 as the reason but the change in Moussas plans added to speculation about a rift between North African states and governments in the eastern part of the Arab world. | | | Israel is preparing for an attempt by the Arab League to undermine the international understandings regarding recognition of a Hamas-led government. | | | Arab analysts said a major reason for the Tunis collapse was Ben Ali's unwillingness to allow serious consideration of the Arab world's leading peace proposal -- Crown Prince Abdullah's Arab Peace Initiative, adopted two years ago at an Arab League summit in Beirut. |
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http://www.schema-root.org/region/international/government/arab_league
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| | The Epoch Times :: Tunisian Foreign Ministry: Arab League Summit Postponed 'Indefinitely' |
| | Amr Moussa, secretary general of the Arab League, center, is surrounded by bodyguarders and journalists | | | The Arab League was founded in 1945 to encourage unity among Arab nations and to oppose Western trends and what the Arab League charter calls Zionist dangers. | | | Earlier Saturday, Arab League secretary-general, Amr Moussa, acknowledged that an agreement had not been reached, but said the foreign ministers were working toward a solution. |
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http://english.epochtimes.com/news/4-3-28/20660.html
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| | ACHAEAN LEAGUE - LoveToKnow Article on ACHAEAN LEAGUE |
| | On the other hand, it is the glory of the Achaean league to have combined city autonomy with an organized central administration, and in this way to have postponed the entire destruction of Greek liberty for over a century. | | | Antigonus' preoccupation during the Celtic invasions, Sparta's prostration after the Chremonidean campaigns, the wealth amassed by Achaean adventurers abroad and the subsidies of Egypt, the standing foe of Macedonia, all enhanced the league's importance. | | | The league embraced an indefinite number of city-states which maintained their internal independence practically undiminished, and through their several magistrates, assemblies and law-courts exercised all traditional powers of self-government. |
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http://25.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AC/ACHAEAN_LEAGUE.htm
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| | Arab League at Historic Crossroad |
| | After heated verbal exchanges between Arab foreign ministers, it was decided that the issue of the U.S.–proposed reforms should be discussed later at the Arab League Summit. | | | It is clear that the Arab League will definitely become a powerless and meaningless organization if it is not able to make a comprehensive decision on the future of the Arab world. | | | Arab League foreign ministers have been seriously discussing the plan since it was proposed in February, but they are sharply divided, with some supporting the plan and others strongly opposed to it. |
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http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=67782
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| | Hussain Hindawi & John R. Thomson on the Arab League on National Review Online |
| | Arab League member states attach such minimal importance to the organization, that collecting the meagre annual assessment to fund the League's equally unimpressive $27 million annual budget is becoming increasingly difficult. | | | The 22-member Arab League's seven founding states started the organization the same year as the United Nations, and ironically adopted principles very similar to the U.N., including equality, mutual assistance, and non-interference in members' affairs. | | | Established in 1945, the Arab League was founded to promote political harmony and security among member states. |
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http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-hindawi-thomson052903a.asp
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| | National Catholic Reporter: League's dark vision divides Catholics: dispute... @ HighBeam Research |
| | And indeed, on the surface the Catholic League's membership numbers seem impressive--at 350,000 the league would be one of the largest lay organizations in America. | | | The Catholic League's vision of America as deeply anti-Catholic and antireligious evokes a dualism with which many are uncomfortable. | | | While the Catholic League had issued a press release quoting Sears' decision to withdraw their ads and complimenting them on the decision--strongly implying the league had played a role in it--spokesperson Paula Davis, who handled the "Nothing Sacred" issue for the company, said, "I've never heard of that group." |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:19967465&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf
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| | Carl Savich Columns serbianna.com |
| | The Balkan League resulted because of the failure of the Treaty of San Stefano and the Treaty of Berlin to resolve the issue of Macedonia. | | | The Balkan League emerged because: 1) the Young Turks wanted to enforce a centralized authority and to retain Turkish control in Macedonia; and, 2) was a reaction to the annexation of Bosnia-Hercegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908 in violation of the Treaty of Berlin. | | | The Balkan League plan of attack was to divide the Turkish forces and to defeat them in detail, to divide and defeat in detail as Edward Erickson noted. |
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http://www.serbianna.com/columns/savich/053.html
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| | Delos |
| | The Delian League included the Ionian and Aelian cities of Asia; the islands adjacent to coast from Lesbos to Rhodes; 35 cities from the Hellespont; 35 from Thrace, most of the Cyclades; Euboea except the city of Carystus; and 24 from the region of Caria. | | | The object of the Delian League was to protect the outlying rescued areas from renewed Persian attacks. | | | Concluding the reasons that led to the establishment of the League, it would be valuable to stress the attitude of Sparta towards the fears of the majority of the Greek world and their need for such an alliance. |
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http://www.greece.org/poseidon/work/islands/cyclades/delos/delos.html
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| | BBC NEWS World Middle East Arab League attacks Iraq charter |
| | Iraq is one of the founding members of the Arab League - an organisation that has for over half a century defined itself as the standard-bearer of pan-Arabism, a political doctrine that aspires to the unification of all Arab states. | | | It is the founding ideology of the Arab League, the Baath Party and other like-minded movements that have shaped the politics of the region for more than 50 years. | | | The draft constitution says the Arabs in Iraq are part of the Arab nation, but Iraq as a whole is not. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4189268.stm
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| | The Toby Press: Press Release - The White League |
| | In THE WHITE LEAGUE by Thomas Zigal, coffee magnate Paul Blanchard's comfortable world is turned upside down when his old fraternity brother, Mark Morvant, threatens to expose the secret that Paul has been harboring for twenty years-unless he bankrolls Morvant's bid for governor. | | | In addition, Morvant demands that Paul secure the financial and political backing of a clandestine organization called the White League-a group that he maintains is the real power in New Orleans, and has been for more than a century. | | | Despite Paul's avowed belief that the group no longer exists, he has just three weeks to bring the League on board the campaign, or Morvant will destroy him. |
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http://www.tobypress.com/press/pr_whiteleague.htm
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| | The Arab Boycott |
| | Representatives from 19 Arab countries met in Syria in late April 2004 for the 72nd conference of the Arab League’s Bureau for Boycotting Israel to discuss tightening the Arab boycott against Israel. | | | The Arab League was forced to cancel several boycott meetings called by the Syrian hosts because of opposition from countries like Kuwait, Morocco and Tunisia. | | | The Arab League threatened to take a decisive stand against the new law, which was regarded as part of "a campaign of hysterical laws and bills. |
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http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Arab_boycott.html
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| | Iroquois Confederacy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | Brant, the principal leader of the Iroquois troops, participated with the Tory Rangers of Walter Butler in raids in New York and Pennsylvania, particularly the Cherry Valley and Wyoming Valley massacres. | | | These Catholic Iroquois, called French Mohawks, took the part of the French against their former brethren. | | | Isaac Jogues, a notable Jesuit missionary, was killed by the Iroquois as a sorcerer in 1646, but the missionaries were somewhat successful, and a considerable number of the Mohawk withdrew from the confederacy and founded (c.1670) a Catholic settlement. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/ir/IroquoisC.html
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| | Bossi |
| | The league was viewed as a simple-minded protest movement that was succeeding only because it criticized the government at a time when the public was becoming wary of the corruption of the traditional parties. | | | In the regional elections of May, 1990, the Northern League obtained 1,200,000 votes in Lombardy (18.9 percent of the electorate), surpassing the communist PCI and the socialist PSI to become the second most popular party behind the Christian Democrats. | | | In March, 1982, Bossi founded the Lombard League, which was initially a club interested in the language and culture of the region of Lombardy, but changed to become a political party de- voted to its autonomy. |
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http://www.uwgb.edu/galta/333/BIOS98/BOSSI.HTM
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| | Libya - Arab League - Qaddafi - Worldpress.org |
| | The Arab League, formed in 1945, was intended to create a united Arab front in dealing with the pressing issues of the day, especially European colonialism in the region and the emerging conflict in Palestine. | | | In defending the Arab League, Nasif Hitti, in his Nov. 13 column in Londons Pan-Arab Al-Hayat, blamed its historic weaknesses on the persistence of a regional political landscape that predated the leagues birth in 1945. | | | Arab journalists reactions to Qaddafis decision were implicitly tied to their own expectations for the Arab League. |
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http://www.worldpress.org/Mideast/822.cfm
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| | Arab League Page |
| | The Arab League was founded in Cairo in 1945 by Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan (Jordan, as of 1950), and Yemen. | | | The Arab League has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion of almost all landmark documents promoting economic integration among member states, such as the creation of the Joint Arab Economic Action Charter, which set out the principles for economic activities of the league. | | | Among the goals the league set for itself were winning independence for all Arabs still under alien rule, and to prevent the Jewish minority in Palestine (then governed by the British) from creating a Jewish state. |
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http://www.arabji.com/ArabGovt/ArabLeague.htm
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