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| | Kurdish people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The remaining Kurds are either Christians, Jews or Yezidis. | | | Under the former Iraqi Ba'athist regime, which ruled Iraq from 1968 until 2003, Kurds were initially granted limited autonomy (1970), and after the Barzani revolt in 1961, given some high-level political representation in Baghdad. | | | If accurate, comprising between 25 and 27 million people, the Kurds are, as Carole A. O’Leary a professor at the American University commented, the largest ethnic group without a separate state in the world. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds
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| | Kurds |
| | Iraqi Kurds were fighting against the Iraqi governments, with funds from Iran, from 1962 to 1970, and 1974 to 1975. | | | From 1992 to 1996 a zone in northern Iraq was controlled by the UN, and this area was as close as Kurds ever have been to their own state. | | | The region came back under Iraqi control after that some Kurdish chiefs allied with Saddam Hussayn, the president of Iraq. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/kurds.htm
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| | Kurds. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | With the overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy in 1958, the Kurds hoped for greater administration and development projects, which the new Ba& government failed to grant. | | | Kurdish forces aided the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, joining with U.S. and British forces to seize the traditionally Kurdish cities of Kirkuk and Mosul. | | | After the establishment of the Islamic Republic in Iran (1979), the government there launched a murderous campaign against its Kurdish inhabitants as well as a program to assassinate Kurdish leaders. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/ku/Kurds.html
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| | Kurds |
| | Speaking about the Kurds and criticizing the oppression of them was held to be a severe crime and was massively punished. | | | This dialect is spoken in the middle and southern regions of Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan. | | | During this struggle, the Kurds have lost hundreds of thousands of their people and have been the victims of mass expulsions. |
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http://members.aol.com/KHilfsvere/Kurds.html
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| | Whatever Happened To The Iraqi Kurds? (Human Rights Watch Report, March 11, 1991) |
| | Kurds have returned to Iraq, where they have been forced to live in government-planned -- and policed -- "new settlements" bearing a striking similarity to the refugee camps they left behind. | | | According to leaders of the Diyarbakir refugee camp in southeastern Turkey, of the Kurds who have returned to Iraq from Turkey, 15 are known to have been executed and 350 imprisoned. | | | Because of outrage both within Iraq and in the West, the government later relocated most of the deported Kurds to resettlement camps in the north, closer to the Kurdish cities. |
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http://www.hrw.org/reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm
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| | Washingtonpost.com: Terrorism Report |
| | In modern times, Kurds have tried to set up independent states in Iran, Iraq and Turkey, but their efforts have been crushed every time. | | | The 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which created the modern states of Iraq, Syria and Kuwait, was to have included the possibility of a Kurdish state in the region. | | | The PKK believes any independent Kurdish state should be a homeland for all Kurds. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/feb99/kurdprofile.htm
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| | Did Saddam Gas the Kurds? |
| | As a result of the successful bid for autonomy of Kurds in northern Iraq under the U.S. no-fly zone, tens of thousands of documents from the Iraqi secret police and military were captured by Kurdish rebels from 1991 forward. | | | Since Iran and the Kurds were allies, Iran in any case had no motive to gas thousands of Kurds. | | | Kurds of Halabja recently protested against Western skeptics who questioned whether Saddam had and would use chemical weapons. |
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http://hnn.us/articles/1242.html
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| | KURDS IN GERMANY |
| | Kurds are the fourth largest ethnic group in the Middle East and are Sunni Muslims, although a few living in Iraq are Yazidis. | | | The Kurds quest for expression of their cultural and language has been denied by all of the states in which they reside. | | | The fact that there has been a deliberate effort on the part of the Kurds to find an external venue in which to register protest is fascinating and has implications for many types of ethnic conflict as well as the general politics of contention. |
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http://www2.hawaii.edu/~fredr/kurds.htm
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| | KURDS |
| | In the 1920s and 1930s Kurds rebelled against this discrimination, and the government suppressed them with great ferocity deporting thousands from their homeland. | | | In 1974 the governing Ba'th party offered the Kurds autonomy, but the Kurds believed it lacked substance and they reverted to war, strongly supported and encouraged by Iran. | | | But In 1975 the Shah of Iran, who had supported Barzani, signed the Agreement of Algiers with the Iraqi government and abandoned the Iraqi Kurds to their fate; as a result the Kurdish resistance virtually collapsed. |
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http://www.cool.mb.ca/~kakel/kurds.html
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| | Gendercide Watch: The Anfal Campaign (Iraqi Kurdistan), 1988 |
| | All told, the total number of Kurds killed over the decade since the Barzani men were taken from their homes is well into six figures." "On the basis of extensive interviews in Kurdistan and perusal of extant Iraqi documents, Shoresh Resoul, a meticulous Kurdish researcher... | | | In 1946, an Iraqi Kurd, Mustafa Barzani, founded the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq (KDP). | | | In 1970, Saddam's Ba'ath Party reached a wideranging agreement with the Kurdish rebel groops, granting the Kurds the right to use and broadcast their language, as well as a considerable degree of political autonomy. |
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http://www.gendercide.org/case_anfal.html
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| | halabja, iraq, north iraq, kurdistan, kurdland, kurd,Bloody Friday |
| | Most of the Kurds who were murdered in the Anfal were not killed by poison gas; rather, the genocide was carried out, in large part, in the traditional manner, with roundups at night, mass executions, and anonymous burials. | | | The campaign against the Kurds was dubbed al-Anfal by Saddam, after a chapter in the Koran that allows conquering Muslim armies to seize the spoils of their foes. | | | The Kurds I spoke with, even those who agree that Saddam is aiming his remaining Scuds at Israel, believe that he is saving some of his "special weapons"—a popular euphemism inside the Iraqi regime—for a return visit to Halabja. |
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http://www.kdp.pp.se/chemical.html
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| | Introduction : GENOCIDE IN IRAQ: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Human Rights Watch Report, 1993) |
| | This report is a narrative account of a campaign of extermination against the Kurds of northern Iraq. | | | All told, the total number of Kurds killed over the decade since the Barzani men were taken from their homes is well into six figures. | | | In the mid and late 1970s, the regime again moved against the Kurds, forcibly evacuating at least a quarter of a million people from Iraq's borders with Iran and Turkey, destroying their villages to create a cordon sanitaire along these sensitive frontiers. |
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http://hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/ANFALINT.htm
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| | Turkey - Kurds |
| | Whereas the number of Kurds belonging to the Alevi sect of Shia Islam is uncertain, the majority of Alevi are either Arabs or Turks. | | | The initiation of armed insurrection by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkere Kurdistan--PKK) in 1984, along with the increasing international media interest in the Kurds of Iraq beginning in the mid-1980s, compelled some members of Turkey's political elite to question government policy toward the country's Kurdish population. | | | Prior to the 1980 military coup, government authorities considered Kurdish one of the unnamed languages banned by law. |
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http://countrystudies.us/turkey/28.htm
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| | History: Kurds - A People Without a State |
| | This means that some of the Kurds do not believe it is absolutely necessary that they have their own state, only that they are recognized as equals by the Iraqi government. | | | Saddam Hussein believed that the Kurds were "in the way" in Iraq and he perceived them as a threat to "the glory of the Arabs" (Hitchens, p. | | | Another group of people to consider is the Kurds living in Iraq. |
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http://www.cyberessays.com/History/65.htm
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| | CNN - Kurds in middle of Mideast tug-of-war - Sept. 1, 1996 |
| | Amatzia Baram, an Iraq scholar, told CNN he believes Hussein attacked the Kurds to shore up waning support in Baghdad. | | | And with the Iranians reportedly training and supplying some Kurdish factions, Hussein's moves against those Kurds may be calculated to prevent an Iranian-backed insurgency in his own country. | | | By forming an alliance with one of the Kurdish factions, Baram said, Hussein has essentially secured himself an invitation to the Irbil, the capital of Kurdistan, making it difficult for the United States or its allies to contest the move. |
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http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9609/01/kurds
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| | RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY |
| | The historically predominantly Kurdish city is claimed by the Iraqi Kurds as their capital, but Iraq's Arab governments have long sought to force out the Kurds and "Arabize" the oil-rich area instead. | | | As Kurds and Iraqi Arabs face the issue of how to administer Kirkuk -- with some form of multiple administration by the Kurds and the central government as one possibility -- other challenges loom over what Iraq's powerful neighbor Turkey would accept. | | | In recent years, the deportation program often has taken the form of Iraqi officials giving Kurds and members of other minorities in the area a choice of either changing their officially listed ethnic identity to "Arab" or leaving their homes. |
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http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/10/18102002152908.asp
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| | Kurds ready to be next N. Alliance csmonitor.com |
| | Ethnic Kurds are a minority in Iraq, along with Arab Sunni Muslims – from which the regime draws most of its support. | | | With many Kurds within Iraqi artillery range – and the regime's ability to re-occupy this entire region in a matter of days – Kurdish leaders must publicly adhere to a careful non-confrontational line, and call only for "democratic change" in Iraq. | | | But pursuing the "Afghan model" in Iraq is "not likely" to work, says Kenneth Pollack, a former National Security Council analyst now at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. |
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http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0328/p01s02-wome.html
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| | FreeArabForum |
| | The Kurds are to the Baath what the Jews were to the Nazis--a convenient scapegoat. | | | Kurds know too well that those detained will be tortured, which have also been documented by Amnesty International. | | | I really believe that the Kurds are going to be the key that will open up the deluge of mass dissatisfaction of Syrian civil society against the corrupt and brutal Ba'athist regime. |
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http://www.freearabforum.blogspot.com/2004_03_01_freearabforum_archive.html
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| | Correspondences - News By the People For People: Who captured Saddam Hussein? |
| | IF The Kurds in fact did pinch Hussein for Yankforce, then the trade-off could be support for a Kurdish nation exclusively within borders of north 'Iraq (to trump pan-Turkish opposition). | | | The Kurds and America are friends, so if they went to all that trouble to hide Saddam and let it look like the Americans got him, they must have had a reason. | | | The kurds would have invited some media, tied Saddam to a post, beat him mercilessly for a couple of days, held a court that would have made kangeroos say, "Hey, don't fucking look at us", and then shot him or lit him up like a tiki torch. |
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http://www.correspondences.org/archives/000507.html
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| | The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles |
| | Many of the dispossessed Kurd minorities have become associated with the secret and unorthodox sects of Islam--the most fervently rebellious people in Kurd society. | | | The Iranian government is suspected in the murder. | | | Ask the Lord to raise up Christian medical teams who can bring supplies and expertise to the Kurds. |
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http://www.ksafe.com/profiles/p_code/489.html
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| | The New Yorker: Fact |
| | The initial goal of the Israeli assistance to the Kurds, the former officer said, was to allow them to do what American commando units had been unable to do—penetrate, gather intelligence on, and then kill off the leadership of the Shiite and Sunni insurgencies in Iraq. | | | Michel Samaha, the Lebanese Minister of Information, told me that while the disturbances amounted to an uprising by the Kurds against the leadership of Bashir Assad, the Syrian President, his government had evidence that Israel was “preparing the Kurds to fight all around Iraq, in Syria, Turkey, and Iran. | | | Inside Iraq, the Kurds were brutally repressed by Saddam Hussein, who used airpower and chemical weapons against them. |
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http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content?040628fa_fact
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| | The Kurds |
| | Iraqi Kurds suffered atrocities at the hands of Saddam Hussein's regime during the 1980s. | | | Since the overthrow of Saddam in 2003, the Kurds' long-term relationship with the Iraqi state has become a major issue. | | | The main Kurdish political organisations in Iraq are the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) led by Massoud Barzani and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) led by Jalal Talabani. |
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http://www.al-bab.com/arab/background/kurds.htm
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| | Iraqi People: Kurds |
| | Kurds in northern Iraq revolted in 1961; in 1970 an agreement finally granted them several concessions, including autonomous local government. | | | The short Persian Gulf War of 1991 seemed to offer the Kurds hope; but though Iraq was defeated, its rulers remained in power. | | | Most Kurds were converted to Islam in the 7th century; they are predominantly Sunnite Muslims. |
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http://www.geocities.com/iraqinfo/sum/kurds.html
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| | Kurdish Human Rights Project |
| | The political settlements after World War 1 and the boundaries that were decided left Kurds who had been under Ottoman control living in three separate states: Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. | | | Revolts of Kurdish nationalists in these countries were suppressed, and to varying degrees, these countries tried to assimilate the Kurds into mainstream culture. | | | Prior to World War 1, most Kurds were under Ottoman rule; the exception were Kurds living in Persia (Iran), which was not controlled by the Ottomans. |
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http://www.khrp.org/country/country.htm
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| | Nerve Gas used in Northern Iraq on Kurds |
| | Nerve Gas used in Northern Iraq on Kurds | | | February 9, 1989 - Testimony before the US Senate concerning the findings of the report Winds of Death: Iraq's Use of Poison Gas Against Its Kurdish Population | | | The PHR team concluded that bombs containing mustard gas and at least one unidentified nerve agent had been dropped on Kurdish villages in northern Iraq. |
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http://www.phrusa.org/research/chemical_weapons/chemiraqgas2.html
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| | Kurds |
| | This has proven to be an obstacle to Kurdish independence since many have been loyal to local leaders instead of national leaders. | | | Six million live in Iran; 3.5 million live in Iraq; and 1.5 million live in Syria. | | | With the absence of a central government, many Kurd’s considered their clan leaders to be their highest source of authority (1). |
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http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/middle_east/kurds.html
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| | The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire |
| | The latter had been so far unknown to the Kurds, indeed, it had been a forbidden activity for the Yezidis. | | | The Kurds came to Turkmenia to find unclaimed land but sometimes also to escape starvation. | | | In this light the Soviet Kurds may be considered to be an ethnic group in their own right. |
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http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/kurds.shtml
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| | Syria - Kurds |
| | Most Kurds are Sunni Muslims; a very small number are Christians and Alawis. | | | Kurds who have left the more isolated villages and entered Arab society have generally adopted the dress and customs of the community in which they live. | | | The Kurds are a fiercely independent tribal people who speak their own language, Kirmanji. |
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http://countrystudies.us/syria/23.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | This makes the Kurds the fourth largest ethnic people of the Middle East. | | | The Kurdish people compose one of the ancient nations of the Middle East. | | | Nevertheless, according to various estimates, the Kurdish population is estimated to range between 25 to 30 million. |
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http://www.xs4all.nl/~tank/kurdish/htdocs/announce/KSF.html
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| | American Kurdish Information Network (AKIN) |
| | Kurdish father Omar and his infant son, victims of Saddam Hussein’s poison gas attack on Halapja, Kurdistan, March 16, 1988 | | | As Kurdish children of this blighted and merciless past, we are fighting to restore justice to our ancestral land, free the largest enslaved people of our times, and build a Kurdistan on the foundation of human, civil, and national rights for all the diverse peoples within it. | | | AKIN announcements, updates or commentaries are meant to cultivate YOU as a friend of the Kurds and Kurdistan. |
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http://www.kurdistan.org
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| | aka KURDISTAN STORIES |
| | This site is about creating a collective memory regarding Kurdistan, the Kurds, Kurdish history and Kurdish Culture. | | | Online documentary team, Picture Projects, and photojournalist, Susan Meiselas, have collaborated in order to create this open exchange between Kurds, historians, archivists, travelers to the Kurdish region and those interested in Kurdish Culture. | | | Many of these pages use frames which your browser does not recognize. |
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http://www.akakurdistan.com/kurds/stories
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