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| | The Indus Valley Civilization |
 | | However, the evidence in the Rigveda and the Puranas proves conclusively and finally that there was no "Aryan invasion" of India but in fact an outflow of groups of "Aryans" from India who carried the speech family to its present habitats. | | | This decipherment, although still the subject of "controversy" in an invasionist controlled establishment, proves conclusively that the Indus people were Indo Europeans. | | | Practically the only general ground on which it had been branded as "nonAryan" and "Dravidian" was that the scholars, long before the discovery of the civilization, had already formulated a theory of an Aryan Invasion of a Dravidian India. |
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http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/ancient/indus/indus_civ.html
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| | Aryan Invasion and Fall of the Indus Empire |
| | The size is narrowly constrained, for if the impact was too large, catastrophe would have been global, while if it were too small, the effect would have been negligible. | | | It was subsequently discovered, however, that flooding had been pointed out as a consequence several decades before the actual discovery of flooding. | | | Thus, although a cometary candidate for the extinction has been found in Comet Enke [ ], this is a far-fetched theory, to say the least. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/1335/Hist/fall_ind.html
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| | Indus Valley Civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It has also been claimed on occasion that the symbols were exclusively used for economic transactions, but this claim leaves unexplained the appearance of Indus symbols on many ritual objects, many of which were mass produced in molds. | | | There is no evidence of irrigation, but such evidence could have been obliterated by repeated, catastrophic floods. | | | Although some houses were larger than others, Indus civilization cities were remarkable for their apparent egalitarianism. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Culture
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| | The Indus Valley and Hindus |
| | The rival theory among scholars is that the so-called Aryans came to the Indus Plain on horseback and oxcart, in waves separated perhaps by decades or longer. | | | They claim that there is no evidence of any such Indo-European invasion and blame the theory on Christian scholars from the nineteenth century and endeavor to made the theory of an Aryan invasion politically incorrect. | | | And with their superior weaponry and self-confidence, the Aryans fought those who resisted their advance, the Aryans believing that their gods were on their side and that resistance from local peoples was inspired by demons. |
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http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/ch05.htm
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| | ECONOMICS OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION |
| | It appears that the people of Indus did in fact hunt the abundant wildlife in their midst. | | | According to Hawkes, the people of Indus sailed in "high-prowed, single masted" boats, sound for carrying the trafficked goods (Hawkes 1973:270). | | | The finding of Indus seals in Mesopotamia suggests that people of Indus may have resided in this territory; possibly merchants who were keeping up a constant trade with the Mesopotamian people (cotton was a staple export of Indus, and could have been the crop that brought these two civilizations into contact). |
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http://www.csuchico.edu/~cheinz/syllabi/asst001/fall97/2chd.htm
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| | ON THE DECIPHERING OF THE INDUS |
| | , so was the Indus Valley until 1992 when Pathak and Verma disclosed to the world that they had found the tribals in the state of Bihar in India, using the script. | | | The bronze tool could not have been made in an undeveloped society. | | | However, it was nowhere stated that these people of the Indus Valley were Dravidians. |
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http://www.engr.mun.ca/~asharan/bihar/indus/indus~3.htm
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| | Center and Periphery: Indus Valley Civilization |
| | Without this economic motivation, one can safely wonder if the Harappans would have had any reason whatsoever to have had a presence in the area. | | | Thus she stakes a claim for the Harappans' ability to live and 'develop' without foreign trade, let alone foreign interaction. | | | With the Indus Valley script still undeciphered and the present day local governments not often amenable to foreign excavations, great mystery and debate still surrounds even the broad topics of the civilization's origins and subsequent demise, primary economic subsistence base, system of government and rule, and degree of social stratification. |
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http://www.adventurecorps.com/archaeo/centperiph.html
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| | Manas: History and Politics, Indus Valley |
| | The Indus Valley people had a merchant class that, evidence suggests, engaged in extensive trading. | | | A few thousand seals have been discovered in Indus Valley cities, showing some 400 pictographs: too few in number for the language to have been ideographic, and too many for the language to have been phonetic. | | | They may also have been a sea-faring people, and it is rather interesting that Indus Valley seals have been dug up in such places as Sumer. |
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http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Ancient/Indus2.html
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| | Peoples and languages |
| | Since Panini lived in what is now Pakistan it was the speech of the elite of this region that was considered 'correct' and it was this that he wrote about. | | | They have not been deciphered satisfactorily but a history of the attempts at such decipherment is available in Asko Parpola's most recent book on the subject. | | | Frontiers of the Indus Civilization (New Delhi: Indian Archaeological Society, 1984), pp. |
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http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html
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| | IndiaStar book-review: Vedic Glossary on Indus Seals by N.Jha |
| | This claim arises from the successful deciphering of the ancient Indus script recently accomplished by Natwar Jha. | | | The book is an English language summary of his monumental publications, Sindhu Mudra Lipi Bhasa, in Sanskrit, and Sindhu Sabhyata ki Mudraon ki Bhasa aur Lipi, in Hindi. | | | In his new book, Vedic Glossary on Indus Seals, Jha explains his methodology and presents readings of more than 100 seals. |
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http://www.indiastar.com/jha.htm
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| | Asia Society - Arts & Culture |
| | The ancient writings of Egypt and Mesopotamia have been deciphered; they provide scholars with unique perspectives on the history of these peoples. | | | Other objects offer tantalizing if partial glimpses into the daily life and religion and beliefs of the Indus people. | | | Other civilizations had monuments to their leaders, but the Indus valley city was a monument to its citizens. |
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http://www.asiasociety.org/arts/exhibitions_indus_valley.html
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| | Harappan Civilization: ca. 3000-1500 BC |
| | However, another theory supported by more recent evidence suggests that this civilization may have begun to decline before the Aryans arrived. | | | The Aryans were then able to take over this area since most of the inhabitants had previously left. | | | It was named after the city of Harappa which it was centered around. |
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http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/India/Harappa.html
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| | Indus Valley Civilization in Gujarat |
| | Send us mail with suggestions and questions about the web site | | | The Indus dichotomy of dividing the city into a citadel or Acropolis and a Lower Town was followed in planning Lothal. | | | So far 60 Indus settlements have been found in Kutch. |
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http://www.rajkot.com/tourism/indus.htm
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| | Manas: History and Politics, Indus Valley |
| | The cities were located on the banks of the Indus and the Ravi respectively and flourished during the third millennium B.C. No mention of these cities ismade in the ancient literature, and their script has not been deciphered to this day. | | | This seems to have been used for ritual baths. | | | The grain would be collected and distributed at the temple, of which the granary formed a part. |
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http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Ancient/Indus.html
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| | Indus Valley Lesson Text |
| | Regarding origins, there is some evidence from archaeological excavations that there had been some minimal contact between the Indus Valley and Sumeria and Mesopotamia in the ancient Near East, but the evidence is insufficient by way of establishing any extensive borrowing or dependence either way. | | | This new research would suggest, in other words, that there was no precipitous decline or demise of the Indus Valley civilization. | | | Regarding the decline of the civilization in the middle of the second millenium, some have speculated that its decline was caused by invading nomadic Aryans. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~isp/cd_rom/mod_09/mod_09_x.htm
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| | Impact of Dravidians on the Development of Civilisation in India |
| | Evidence for the religious beliefs and practices of these people is slight, since the Indus script cannot be read and apart from the bath, there appears to be no religious structure. | | | The Indus cities seem to have had very few public buildings. | | | Since so many elements of the Indus culture appear to have found their way into Hinduism, it is possible that ancient purification rites were taken over and reinterpreted by members of the Brahmin caste |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/2104/indusvalley.html
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| | AncientScripts.com: Indus Script |
| | This means that the Indus script is probably logophonetic, in that it has both signs used for their meanings, and signs used for their phonetic values. | | | Another possible indication of Dravidian in the Indus texts is from structural analysis of the texts which suggests that the language underneath is possibly agglutinative, from the fact that sign groups often have the same initial signs but different final signs. | | | Although these seals and samples of Indus writing have been floating around the scholastic world for close to 70 years, little progress has been made on deciphering this elegant script. |
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http://www.ancientscripts.com/indus.html
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| | Daily Life Ancient India - Homework Help |
| | Seals with a pictographic script, which has not as yet been deciphered, were found at the Indus Valley sites. | | | Other ancient cities from the same period, arranged in the same way, have been found since. | | | For one thing, the people who lived in these marvelous cities disappeared around 1500 BCE. |
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http://members.aol.com/Donnclass/Indialife.html
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| | Lesson Plan on Indus Valley Geography and Civilization |
| | Ask students to describe 2 ways in which geography affected the life of people in the Indus Valley. | | | Each group will have 5 minutes of class time to present their map and the findings of their research. | | | Ask students to write down 3 things they have learned about the Indus Valley, and one question they have on the back of their individual maps. |
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http://www.teachersnetwork.org/NTNY/lessonplans/lopez1.htm
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| | Indus Valley Civilization |
| | Thus started a voyage of amazing discovery during which archaeologists unearthed the remains of an ancient civilization, which had its epicenter in the plains of the Indus. | | | However, settlements were found as far west as Baluchistan in Pakistan and well down into the Gangetic plain in India. | | | What were the origins of the Indus Valley people? |
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http://www.boloji.com/architecture/00002.htm
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| | History of India |
| | The Indus Valley civilization appears to have collapsed because natural disaster altered the course of the Indus River. | | | 2300-2000 BCE: India - Cultural exchange between the Indus Valley civilization and MESOPOTAMIA (present day Iraq) is especially prominent. | | | 304 BCE: India - Chandragupta trades 500 war elephants to Seleucus in exchange for the Indus region and regions immediately to the West. |
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http://www.crystalinks.com/indiahistory.html
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| | Harappa |
| | There are nearly 4,000 specimens of a script from the Indus Valley Civilization carved on stone, fragments of pottery and other objects, however, they have not been deciphered satisfactorily. | | | The Indus Valley, or Harrapan, civilization was discovered in 1920-21 when engraved seals were discovered near present-day Sahiwal in Pakistani Punjab at a place called Harappa. | | | The dates of the Indus Valley Culture are approximately 2300-2000 BC and the dates of the earlier Kot Diji cultures, of the pre-Indus period, approximately 3300-2800 BC. |
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http://www.saxakali.com/COLOR_ASP/harappa.htm
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| | History - The Indus Valley Civilisation |
| | Subsequent archaeological excavations established that the contours of this civilisation were not restricted to the Indus valley but spread to a wide area in northwestern and western India. | | | This earliest known civilisation in India, the starting point in its history, dates back to about 3000 BC. | | | Evidence also points to the use of domesticated animals, including camels, goats, water buffaloes and fowls. |
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http://members.tripod.com/sympweb/IndusValleyhistory.htm
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| | Manas: History and Politics of India |
| | Prize winner in the running inter-school drawing competition "GANDHI AS I SEE HIM", Rajkot, India, 1991, organized by Gandhi Information Center, Germany | | | n the conventional narrative, Indian history begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization in such sites as Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, and Lothal, and the coming of the Aryans. |
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http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/mainhist.html
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| | Internet Indian History Sourcebook |
| | The Indus valley culture which had some interaction with Mesopotamia. | | | An interesting example of the complete superiority felt by the British rulers. | | | These are not links to every site on a given topic, but to sites of serious educational value. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/india/indiasbook.html
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| | Ayurveda, Ayurveda Clinic India & Ayurveda Spa India, ayurveda Resort, Mysore - India. Indus Valley Ayurvedic Centre |
| | The Indus Valley Ayurveda Center is a unique ayurveda clinic and spa resort in Mysore, India, offering traditional therapeutic and beauty treatments, designed by a highly experienced panel of doctors who have taught ayurveda in Germany, UK, USA and Japan and India. | | | Website last updated - November 15, 2004 Please report broken links to the | | | We specialize in authentic ayurveda treatments such as panchakarma – the ayurveda detox, shirodhara and abhyanga - ayurveda oil bath and massage, |
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http://www.ayurindus.com
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