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| | Who were Illyrians |
 | | Bopp demonstrated in 1838 that the Celtic languages were Indo-European, as had been asserted by Jones. | | | The principal language of the Italic group is Latin, originally the speech of the city of Rome and the ancestor of the modern Romance languages: Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, etc. The earliest Latin inscriptions apparently date from the 6th century BC, with literature beginning in the 3rd century. | | | Old Persian was the administrative language of the early Achaemenian dynasty dating from the 6th century BC; and an eastern Middle Indo-Aryan dialect was the language of the chancellery of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in India in the mid-3rd century BC. |
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http://www.geocities.com/iliria1
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| | Fios Feasa: Indo-European, Celtic, and Irish |
| | Their common ancestor, known as Indo-European, would have been spoken around six thousand years ago, either on the Russian steppe north of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (the prevailing hypothesis) or in Anatolia (the leading alternative view). | | | There are lots of groups of languages like this, including the Slavic group, the Celtic group, and the Indic group. | | | Welsh is probably the Celtic language in the strongest position today, with over half a million speakers and extensive institutional support in the spheres of religion, local government, education and broadcast media. |
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http://www.fiosfeasa.com/bearla/language/indo.htm
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| | Droops Net Indo-European Home Page |
| | Here you will find information about Indo-European mythology, the homeland questions, some archaeological topics, linguistics, and the languages themselves. | | | Below is a map of the Indo-European languages, both past and present. | | | A few thousand years ago, there was a group of people that we can generically call 'Indo-Europeans.' They had language, culture, religion, beliefs, and practices. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/6738
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| | "Knowing" Words in Indo-European Languages |
| | My Indo-European linguistics professor at UCLA said once that you can get a sort of "instant Proto-Indo-European" by combining Greek vowels and Sanskrit consonants. | | | The exceptions are the languages of the Dravidian group, largely spoken in the south. | | | Iazyges were settled in Britain by Marcus Aurelius, and Alans spread across Gaul and Spain after crossing the Rhine in 407 AD. |
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http://www.friesian.com/cognates.htm
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| | 1310 |
| | We've already seen the two theories of how the Indo-European Languages spread. | | | All told, the Indo-European Language Family is spoken by the most people in the world – about half of the world's population speak an Indo-European Language. | | | Other people invaded and brought different languages---Vikings from Norway. |
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http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/nick_miller/1310/LECTURE_10.html
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| | Science Fair Projects - Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages |
| | It ventures that the reason for the distinctiveness of the Germanic languages is because they represent, in essence, a creole language: a contact language between Indo-European speakers and a non-Indo-European substrate language spoken by some of the ancestors of the speakers of the Proto-Germanic language. | | | The Germanic substrate hypothesis is a hypothesis that some have ventured that attempts to explain the distinctiveness of the Germanic languages within the Indo-European language family. | | | The Battle-axe people is an ancient culture identified by archaeology who have been proposed as candidates for the people who influenced Germanic with their non-Indo-European speech. |
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Non-Indo-European_roots_of_Germanic_languages
(885 words)
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| | INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES - LoveToKnow Article on INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES |
| | Till the latter part of the 18th century it was the universal practice to refer all languages ultimately to a Hebrew origin, because Hebrew, being the language of the Bible, was assumed, with reference to the early chapters of Genesis, to be the original language. | | | The first group (generally known as the centum-group) is the Western and entirely European group, the second (generally known as the satem-group) with one exception lies to the east of the centum-group and much its largest part is situated in Asia. | | | The birch is a more widely spread tree than the beech, growing as luxuriantly in the Himalayas as in western Europe, but notwithstanding, the Latin fraxinus, which is almost certainly of the same origin, means n.ot birch but ash, while the word akin to ash (Ge. |
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http://32.1911encyclopedia.org/I/IN/INDO_EUROPEAN_LANGUAGES.htm
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| | Indo-European Languages |
| | Today, however, the Indo-European languages have spread to every continent and a number of islands. | | | The characteristics Indo-European languages share with respect to vocabulary and grammar have led many scholars to postulate that they are all descended from an original parent language, called Proto-Indo-European, which is believed to have been spoken some time before 2000 | | | By studying the vocabulary and grammar of the various daughter languages of which there are records, scholars have tried to reconstruct Proto-Indo-European and infer some of its characteristics. |
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http://www.orbilat.com/Encyclopaedia/I/Indo-European_Languages.html
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| | Languages : Indo-European Family |
| | Lithuanian is one of the oldest of the Indo-European languages. | | | Kurdish is spoken in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq by the Kurds. | | | Ladino was the language spoken by Spain's Jewish population when they were expelled in 1492. |
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http://www.krysstal.com/langfams_indoeuro.html
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| | The Forum of Indo-European Languages: Indo-European Links. |
| | The Celts are identified as the group of people who speak the Celtic languages which is a branch of Proto-Indo-European. | | | Definition of Proto-Indo-European language The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages. | | | Proceedings of 10th Annual UCLA Conference (Journal of Indo European Studies. |
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http://www.1032.net/indo-european_links.html
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| | Jared Diamond on the Indo-European conquests |
| | The apparently European centre of gravity of Indo-European languages as of 1492 was actually an artifact of recent linguistic holocausts in Asia. | | | The Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs whom the Nazis sought to exterminate conversed in languages as Indo-European as that of their persecutors. | | | The reason is obvious: different languages could not possibly have inherited the same root for 'gun' from PIE, and they each had to invent or borrow their own word when guns were invented. |
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http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/diamond.html
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| | Germanic Law |
| | The Germanic birthright of the Common Law is an inheretence as old as the roots of Indo-European society itself. | | | Whatever else is to be said about Tiw’s role in Germanic society, His patronage of Thing and His arbitration of battle is unchallenged. | | | The Germanic peoples maintained this practice until the coming of Christianity. |
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http://www.normanniireiks.org/guilds_lore/lore/germanic_law.htm
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| | Indo-European Languages |
| | Since Greek and Latin are European languages and Sanskrit is an Indian language, the name for their family of languages is "Indo-European." It turns out that all of the languages of Europe are Indo-European except for Basque, Finnish, Hungarian, and a few dead languages. | | | The languages of North and South American Indians, and of Africans, and Australian aborigines, are not Indo-European, either. | | | A dead Indo-European language called "Tocharian" was even spoken in parts of China by white-skinned, red-headed people who lived there. |
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http://modena.intergate.ca/personal/gslj/indoeuropean.html
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| | Indo-European Languages |
| | Much of the genetic theory of language derives from studies of the Indo-European family which began in the 16th century but culminated in 19th century when comparisons were made between European languages and Sanscrit. | | | It is thought that a "Proto-Indo-European" language was spoken up until about 3000 BCE across Europe and parts of Southeast Asia, when local languages started to evolve from it creating the modern Indo-European family. | | | The Iranian languages are spoken in an area centered on modern Afghanistan and Iran. |
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http://www.scnt01426.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Articles/Language/Indo-European.htm
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| | Indo-European Languages. |
| | Most languages in Europe, the Middle-East, and India appear to descend from a common ancestral language known to scholars as "proto-Indo-European," as set forth by William Jones and his work with Sanskrit. | | | The various charts of Indo-European languages and the maps showing the spread of each Indo-European language, were created by Daniel M. Short for his website at http://www.danshort.com/. | | | Satem is the ancient word for "one hundred" in Avestan, a language in the eastern branch of Indo-European. |
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http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/IE_Main.html
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| | Germanic Languages |
| | The West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages is spoken by the Germanic speaking people who occupied the southwestern part of the Germanic homeland. | | | West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands. | | | It is the official language of Sweden and is one of the official languages of Finland. |
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http://softrat.home.mindspring.com/germanic.html
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| | ipedia.com: Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages Article |
| | Some people linked to obscure theories of European pre-history believe that the lack of clear cognates among other Indo-European languages is indicative of a mixed origin for the Germanic languages. | | | Some people linked to obscure theories of European pre-history believe that the lack of clear cognates among other Indo-Eur... | | | Etymologies have been proposed for some of these words that link them with Indo-European roots, but these etymologies have no parallels in other Indo-European families in either form or meaning. |
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http://www.ipedia.com/non_indo_european_roots_of_germanic_languages.html
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| | Amazon.com: The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Descriptions): Books: Anna Giacalone Ramat,Paolo Ramat |
| | Though this is to be a survey of languages, the very first chapter, by one Enrico Campanile, deals with the reconstructed culture of the speakers of Proto-Indo-European and the probable location of their urheimat. | | | William R. Schmalstieg fails to even mention laryngeals in his contribution on the Baltic languages, hardly a surprise for one who as late as 1985 was proposing the weird alternative theory of monophthongizations. | | | It also differs from, for example, the volume on the Uralic languages by not imposing one transcription scheme on all authors, and as a result, the range of opinion here varies between those who have embraced laryngeal theory and those who stick to a postulated schwa. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/041506449X?v=glance
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| | The Vedas |
| | But as a trade language which has become the national language of Malaysia and Indonesia (called Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Indonesia respectively), Malay is one of the major languages of the world. | | | The population figures for all these languages are for those who speak them as either first or second languages. | | | Several languages are widely used as second languages (especially English, French, Russian, Arabic, Malay, and Swahili), and it is hard to provide numbers for some of them in that capacity. |
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http://www.friesian.com/upan.htm
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| | Indo2.html |
| | It is thus possible that much of the initial (mid-Holocene) range of the Indo-European languages across central and northern Europe, the Balkans and the Near East was achieved by the rapid spread of a 'sparse wave' of hunter-gatherers, out of either southern Europe, the Levant, Anatolia or western Asia, preceding the 'farming wave'. | | | Estimates of the linguistic chronology of the Indo-European languages have been used to suggest that much of their common vocabulary has a more recent origin (about 7,000 years ago) (Swadesh 1972) than the early Holocene divergence that this 'sparse wave' hypothesis (and Renfrew's 'farming wave' hypothesis) would seem to require (about 10,000-11,000 years ago). | | | The purpose of the paper has been to advocate and discuss a fairly speculative hypothesis (that climate change promoted spread of IE languages by causing changes in population density of hunter-gatherer groups) which may be difficult or impossible to test. |
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http://www.esd.ornl.gov/projects/qen/Indo2.html
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| | Artificial Languages |
| | Aluric: an incomplete alien language containing 70 sounds, 7 noun/adjective cases, a complex but logical tense system, and a vocabulary drawn from roots present in many languages and expandable by means of numerous affixes. | | | Triparian: the language of a micronation, words are from Romance and Germanic languages, though Celtic tongues may end up contributing vocabulary, web site features a thousand-word dictionary, a grammar, sample texts and the start of a primer. | | | Rikchik: The rikchiks speak in what would be called sign language by humans. |
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http://www.redshift.com/~bul2mun/lingvoj/lingvoj.htm
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| | Brythonic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Also notable are the extinct language Cumbric, and possibly the extinct Pictish (although the late argued during the 1950s, from some of the few remaining examples of Pictish, that Pictish was a non-Indo-European language, the majority of modern scholars of Pictish do not agree). | | | For the later history of the neo-Brythonic languages see under their own respective articles. | | | The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from the proto-Celtic language which was introduced to Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973). |
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http://www.americancanyon.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Brythonic
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| | Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Archaic Proto-Indo-European languages occur in the Balkans (Starčevo-Körös-Cris culture), in the Danube valley (Linear Pottery culture), and possibly in the Bug-Dniestr area (Eastern Linear pottery culture). | | | The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects (443 according to the SIL estimate), including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Southern Asia. | | | Tocharian languages, extinct tongues of the Tocharians, extant in two dialects, attested from roughly the 6th century. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages
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| | The Indo-European Languages |
| | Germanic is, of course, English, German, the Scandinavian languages, Dutch, etc. | | | It is very close to Persian and the languages of India and Pakistan (Hindi, Urdu, etc.) | | | Kurdish is spoken in the north of Iran and Iraq, and in the south of Turkey. |
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http://www.mobilixnet.dk/~mob34587/fulllist.htm
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| | substratum: Definition, Synonyms and Much More From Answers.com |
| | It has also been proposed, controversially, that the Germanic languages arose as a result of the projection of an Indo-European language (most probably a Celtic or Slavic language) onto a Finno-Ugric or Afro-Asiatic substratum. | | | This conjecture has been offered as an explanation of the cryptic, apparently non-Indo-European origin of many Germanic roots. | | | It makes contact, and then interferes with language A. Language B is going to supplant language A: the speakers of language A abandon their own language in favour of that of population B, generally because they believe that it is in their best interests (economic, political, cultural, social). |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/substratum
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| | German Helmets : Safety Equipment |
| | Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages - Home Encylopedia Directory eShowcase Sitemap Privacy Contact Us Enyclopedia Home | | | See live article Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages There are a great many non-Indo-European roots in the Germanic tongues. | | | World Militaria - Militaria from WWI and WWII, Nazi German, Adolf Hitler, Eva Braun, Mussolini, Goering, Goebbels, Himmler, Bormann Personality... |
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http://ipisayhi.com/437-German-Helmets.html
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| | Articles - Indo-European languages |
| | There were no doubt other Indo-European languages which are now lost without a trace. | | | The possibility of common origin for some of these languages was first proposed by Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn in 1647, proposing their derivation from "Scythian". | | | Anatolian languages — earliest attested branch, from the 18th century BC; extinct, most notable was the language of the Hittites. |
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http://www.gaple.com/articles/Indo-European_languages
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| | Indo-European Languages - ninemsn Encarta |
| | Indo-European languages were first spoken in Europe and southern Asia and, because of European colonialism, are now widespread throughout the world. | | | Formerly, the Indo-European languages were routinely characterized as belonging either to a Western (centum) or an Eastern (satem) division. | | | To their studies were added extensive grammatical and phonetic comparisons of European languages. |
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http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563984/Indo-European_Languages.html
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| | Indo-European and the Comparative Method |
| | [Catalogs real and alleged sound changes in IE families and languages. | | | [Evidence from the various IE languages bearing on Saussure's laryngal theory cited above. | | | "coffee" is not a cognate of kaffe, kahawa, cafe, etc.; that's an instance of lots of borrowing of the same word by various languages. |
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http://www.utexas.edu/depts/classics/documents/PIE.html
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| | Indo-European languages - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Indo-European languages |
| | In some languages, according to some authorities, the distinction of parts of speech does not exist; in many languages it is widely different from that to which we are accustomed in the Indo-European languages. | | | Eastern Indo-European languages are often called the satem group (Zend ‘a hundred’) while western Indo-European languages are the centum group (Latin ‘a hundred’); this illustrates a split that occurred over 3,000 years ago, between those that had an s-sound in certain words and those that had a k-sound. | | | Scholars have reconstructed a Proto-Indo-European ancestral language by comparing the sound systems and historical changes within the family, but continue to dispute the original homeland of this ancient form, some arguing for northern Europe, others for Russia north of the Black Sea. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Indo-European+languages
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