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| | Washingtonpost.com: Terrorism Report |
 | | In modern times, Kurds have tried to set up independent states in Iran, Iraq and Turkey, but their efforts have been crushed every time. | | | The 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which created the modern states of Iraq, Syria and Kuwait, was to have included the possibility of a Kurdish state in the region. | | | The PKK believes any independent Kurdish state should be a homeland for all Kurds. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/feb99/kurdprofile.htm
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| | Kurds on the Talk of the Nation on National Public Radio |
| | The Kurds are the largest homeless ethnic minority in the world, and throughout much of their history, the Kurds have had to deal with conflicts between neighboring countries in the Middle East and their own internal rivalries. | | | The internal dynamics of their own blood feuds, which are so deeply rooted in the history of the Kurds, rose up and the two forces which have collaborated in governing what they call Kurdistan began to fight with one another. | | | The Kurds are the largest ethnic group in the world without their own country, with more than twenty million living in parts of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. |
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http://www.kurdistan.org/Washington/moscovane.html
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| | IRAQI KURDS |
| | The Iraqi Kurds supported the Iranians, and toward the end of the war the Iraqi government retaliated with an extensive, devastatingly cruel campaign against the Kurds. | | | Kurds were allowed to broadcast in Kurdish and to publish books and periodicals as well. | | | Between then and the actual war the following February, the Kurds at first tried to convince Saddam to trade concessions for the Kurds in return for support in a possible war, and then, as American troops were being built up in Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf, they positioned themselves for a likely Iraqi defeat. |
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http://www.culturalorientation.net/kurds/khist.html
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| | Iraq Kurds - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ... |
| | Although the government hotly denies it, the Kurds are almost certainly also a majority in the region around Kirkuk, Iraq's richest oilproducing area. | | | The signing of the Algiers Accord caused a breakaway faction to emerge from the Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), led by Masud Barzani, the son of Mulla Mustafa Barzani. | | | The far northwestern region of Iraq around Sinjar is spotted with enclaves claimed by the Iraqi Communist Party, the bulk of whose cadres are composed of Kurds. |
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http://www.photius.com/countries/iraq/society/iraq_society_kurds.html
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| | Kurdistan Democratic Party-Iraq |
| | The Kurds remained the only ethnic group in the world with indigenous representatives in three world geopolitical blocs: the Arab World (in Iraq and Syria), NATO (in Turkey), the South Asian-Central Asian bloc (in Iran and Turkmenistan), and until recently the Soviet bloc (in the Caucasus, now Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia). | | | There are also some followers of mainstream Shiitem Islam among the Kurds, particularly in and around the cities of Kirmanshah, to Hamadan and Bijar in southern and eastern Kurdistan and the Khurasan. | | | Barring a catastrophe, Kurds will become the third most populous ethnic group in the Middle East by the year 2000, displacing the Turks. |
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http://www.knn.u-net.com/kurd4.htm
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| | Did Saddam Gas the Kurds? |
| | As a result of the successful bid for autonomy of Kurds in northern Iraq under the U.S. no-fly zone, tens of thousands of documents from the Iraqi secret police and military were captured by Kurdish rebels from 1991 forward. | | | Since Iran and the Kurds were allies, Iran in any case had no motive to gas thousands of Kurds. | | | Kurds of Halabja recently protested against Western skeptics who questioned whether Saddam had and would use chemical weapons. |
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http://hnn.us/articles/1242.html
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| | Kurds |
| | Speaking about the Kurds and criticizing the oppression of them was held to be a severe crime and was massively punished. | | | During this struggle, the Kurds have lost hundreds of thousands of their people and have been the victims of mass expulsions. | | | This dialect is spoken in the middle and southern regions of Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan. |
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http://members.aol.com/KHilfsvere/Kurds.html
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| | KURDS |
| | In the 1920s and 1930s Kurds rebelled against this discrimination, and the government suppressed them with great ferocity deporting thousands from their homeland. | | | In 1974 the governing Ba'th party offered the Kurds autonomy, but the Kurds believed it lacked substance and they reverted to war, strongly supported and encouraged by Iran. | | | But In 1975 the Shah of Iran, who had supported Barzani, signed the Agreement of Algiers with the Iraqi government and abandoned the Iraqi Kurds to their fate; as a result the Kurdish resistance virtually collapsed. |
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http://www.cool.mb.ca/~kakel/kurds.html
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| | How the U.S. Used Iraq's Kurds: A History of Repeated Betrayal --RW/OR ONLINE |
| | Kurds were discriminated against in government employment and had little control over even their local affairs. | | | The Kurds, who had been led to believe that the U.S. was acting as a "guarantor" against betrayal by the Shah, were taken by complete surprise. | | | A Congressional investigation of CIA activities, headed by New York Congressman Otis Pike, concluded that "none of the nations who were aiding [the Kurds] seriously desired that they realize their objective of an autonomous state." Rather, the U.S. and the Shah sought to weaken Iraq and deplete its energies. |
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http://rwor.org/a/1226/lvexcerpt.htm
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| | History: Kurds - A People Without a State |
| | This means that some of the Kurds do not believe it is absolutely necessary that they have their own state, only that they are recognized as equals by the Iraqi government. | | | Saddam Hussein believed that the Kurds were "in the way" in Iraq and he perceived them as a threat to "the glory of the Arabs" (Hitchens, p. | | | The Kurds also have had a long history of conflict with these other ethnic groups in the Middle East, which we will now look at. |
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http://www.cyberessays.com/History/65.htm
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| | Kurds on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Between 1961 and 1970 the Democratic Party of the Irakian Kurds (PDK) under the leadership of General Mollal Mustapha BARZANI waged a war against Iraq to aff (PAR98004) | | | With the overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy in 1958, the Kurds hoped for greater administration and development projects, which the new Ba'athist government failed to grant. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/kurds_history.asp
(2110 words)
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| | THE KURDS OF IRAQ: RECENT HISTORY, FUTURE PROSPECTS |
| | Kurds were forcibly deported, murdered, removed to refugee camps, or resettled in collective towns. | | | Since the creation of the modern state of Iraq, the history of Iraqi Kurdistan has been one of underdevelopment, political and cultural repression, destruction, ethnic cleansing and genocide.(2) Al-Anfal (The Spoils) was the codename given to an aggressive, planned, military operation against Iraqi Kurds. | | | The number of Kurds and Turkoman in Iraq as a whole and in Kirkuk in particular will be determined by a new census in a post-Saddam Hussein Iraq. |
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http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue4/jv6n4a5.html
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| | Kurdistan Regional Government Home |
| | The Kurds are a distinct ethnic group of Indo-European descent that inhabit a region including parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria and the former USSR. | | | Long persecuted in their "host" countries, the Kurds' problems reached the world stage in 1991 when millions of Kurds fled Iraq after Saddam ferociously crushed a Kurdish rebellion in the north. | | | For anyone interested in the situation of Kurds in northern Iraq, Office of the Iraq Programme is an essential resource. |
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http://old.krg.org/reference/index.asp
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| | KEO - HISTORY |
| | Kurds have been given the one-fits-all Gutis by their intellectuals as a poor excuse for history. | | | I have never known a Kurd who does not believe in the extreme antiquity of his or her nation's history. | | | Writing to dispel the Guti hang-up, I may well be accused of leaving the Kurdish "herd" without a history. |
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http://www.kurdistanica.com/english/history/articles-his/his-articles-09.html
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| | The Kurds By David Plotz |
| | The vast majority of Kurds are Sunni Muslims, but there are also Shiites, Christians, Zoroastrians, Jews, and others. | | | Iran: The Iranian Kurds are much quieter than those in Turkey or Iraq. | | | He and his Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP) controlled much of northern Iraq at several points, and the Iraqi government even granted the Kurds some autonomy in 1970. |
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http://www.slate.com/id/1032
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| | FRONTLINE/WORLD . IRAQ - The Road to Kirkuk . Links PBS |
| | Anfal, which is Arabic for "spoils," was the name of Saddam Hussein's genocidal campaign against Iraqi Kurds in the late 1980s. | | | During the PKK's 15-year conflict with Turkey, nearly 30,000 people died and Oçalan became both "hate figure and hero." BBC News provides a summary of his arrest, trial and reaction to his sentence. | | | With no central archive for Kurdish historical documents, the book was the first time many of these materials had been made public. |
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http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq203/links.html
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| | Alibris: Kurds |
| | For years the Kurdish people were subjected to torture, imprisonment, rape, mass murders, gassings, and bombings, as Saddam Hussein and his Ba'athist Party attempted to annihilate them. | | | Ranging from their earliest origins to the aftermath of the Gulf War, Bulloch and Morris trace the course of Kurds' long and tragic past, and examine the pressures that have denied them their own state. | | | The Kurds: State and Minority in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran |
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http://www.alibris.com/search/books/subject/Kurds
(915 words)
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| | The Kurds |
| | Iraqi Kurds suffered atrocities at the hands of Saddam Hussein's regime during the 1980s. | | | Since the overthrow of Saddam in 2003, the Kurds' long-term relationship with the Iraqi state has become a major issue. | | | The main Kurdish political organisations in Iraq are the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) led by Massoud Barzani and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) led by Jalal Talabani. |
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http://www.al-bab.com/arab/background/kurds.htm
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| | Iraq Resource Information Site - News History Culture People Archeology Mythology Sanctions Saddam Hussein Iran Iraq ... |
| | Resources and information about the history, culture, people, archeology, mythology, current events, and oppression (Sanctions, Saddam Hussein, Iran Iraq and Persian Gulf Wars) of Iraq are described through numerous documents, pictures, sounds, and movies. | | | Welcome to IRIS, a comprehensive Iraqi site where visitors can obtain information about almost every aspect of the nation of Iraq. | | | Iraq Resource Information Site - News History Culture People Archeology Mythology Sanctions Saddam Hussein Iran Iraq Persian Gulf War Pictures |
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http://www.geocities.com/iraqinfo?page=/iraqinfo/sum/hist/history.html
(140 words)
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| | Feature: Picture Projects |
| | The Kurds are a people without a history. | | | “Collectively what emerges is a new history that approximates the truth,” Sue Johnson says. | | | Susan Meiselas, famed documentary photographer who had just published a book called Kurdistan: In the Shadow of History, approached Picture Projects with a proposal to document the vanished history of the Kurds. |
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http://www.designinteract.com/features_d/picture/102_picture.html
(255 words)
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| | A Modern History of the Kurds - David McDowell |
| | A scholarly, comprehensive history of the Kurdish people, who spill over the borders of modern Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. | | | In this third edition, McDowell considers the economic, political, religious and tribal struggles among this ancient people -- excellent background to understanding the "Kurdish Question." | | | A Modern History of the Kurds - David McDowell |
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http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/p/13976/mcms.html
(76 words)
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| | The Kurd - the nation of suffering |
| | It is believed that the Lebanese Government is moving towards granting all Kurds the right to Lebanese nationality, an eventuality that would solve many of the social and political problems faced by the Kurds in Lebanon. | | | The Kurdish Democratic Party had been established in 1960 and was headed by Jamel Mahho. | | | They believe that these feelings are the consequence of the history of the Kurds in Lebanon. |
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http://www.kurdmedia.com/news.asp?id=7645
(1475 words)
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| | Kurds |
| | This has proven to be an obstacle to Kurdish independence since many have been loyal to local leaders instead of national leaders. | | | Six million live in Iran; 3.5 million live in Iraq; and 1.5 million live in Syria. | | | With the absence of a central government, many Kurd’s considered their clan leaders to be their highest source of authority (1). |
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http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/middle_east/kurds.html
(436 words)
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| | aka KURDISTAN ABOUT THE BOOK KURDISTAN - IN THE SHADOW OF HISTORY |
| | "Kurdistan In the Shadow offers a collidoscopic view of the history of the Kurds.... | | | The body of each of the six chapters consists of primary source information from oral histories, diaries, letters, newspapers, memoirs, British and American government documents, and telegraphs, all juxtaposed with remarkable photographs. | | | "This massive album treats and exemplifies how history is made, how technologies of representation such as photography and print affect both events and their recall." |
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http://www.akakurdistan.com/kurds/book/bookreviews.html
(265 words)
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| | WWW-VL: History Index: Iraq History; Gulf War, Ba'ath Party Fall, US Occupation, Allawi, Artifacts, Election, Ba'th |
| | WWW-VL: History Index: Iraq History; Gulf War, Ba'ath Party Fall, US Occupation, Allawi, Artifacts, Election, Ba'th | | | U.S. Phony War on Terror: Iraq Invasion Threat, Afghanistan Murder, By Gerry Foley, from Socialist Action (July 2002 The Election of 2003, from The Green Papers | | | An Overview: Iraq'’s History of Human Rights Abuse, from the Human Rights Alliance --> |
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http://vlib.iue.it/history/asia/Iraq
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| | Prayer Concerns |
| | The long spiritual history of the Kurds, with its roots in monotheistic Zoroastrianism, seems to be on a theological trajectory toward the Kingdom of God. | | | In Iraq, the existing church leadership is facing a terrific challenge: the foreign workers who nurtured them have been forced to leave, and believers themselves face the threat of Saddam's reprisals; pray for their deliverance. | | | Now that the gospel has established a beachhead among the Kurds, pray that there would be a massive turning to Jesus Christ as the only one who will not turn his back on these oft-betrayed people. |
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http://www.itnet.org/kurds_prayer.html
(390 words)
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| | aka KURDISTAN ABOUT THE BOOK KURDISTAN - IN THE SHADOW OF HISTORY |
| | This page is about Kurdistan, In the Shadow of History (Random House, 1997). | | | This site is about creating a collective memory regarding Kurdistan, the Kurds, Kurdish history and Kurdish Culture. | | | Online documentary team, Picture Projects, and photojournalist, Susan Meiselas, have collaborated in order to create this open exchange between Kurds, historians, archivists, travelers to the Kurdish region and those interested in Kurdish Culture. |
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http://www.akakurdistan.com/kurds/book
(114 words)
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| | From Holland to Kurdistan: Video: History of the Kurds |
| | From Holland to Kurdistan: Video: History of the Kurds | | | Saddams use of poison gas on the Kurdish people brings so much pain it always brings tears to my eyes as i remember when it was used on my wife's family. | | | That a Kurd is the butcher of bagdads judge shows how much justice is needed there. |
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http://vladimirkurdistan.blogspot.com/2005/10/video-history-of-kurds.html
(142 words)
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| | Find in a Library: A modern history of the Kurds |
| | Find in a Library: A modern history of the Kurds | | | WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries. |
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http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/7c3cf6ad44338ddba19afeb4da09e526.html
(68 words)
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