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| | History of Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | A new coup was staged in 1971 and 1970s was under Prime Minister Ecevit in coalition with the religious National Salvation Party, Turkey carried out an operation in Cyprus (Turkish Invasion of Cyprus). | | | In 1997, the military, citing his government's support for religious policies deemed dangerous to Turkey's secular nature, sent a memorandum to Erbakan government requesting that he resign, which he did. | | | A military coup d'etat took place in 1980. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey
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| | Turkey |
| | The history of the Jews in Anatolia started many centuries before the migration of Sephardic Jews. | | | As early as 1933 Ataturk invited numbers of prominent German Jewish professors to flee Nazi Germany and settle in Turkey. | | | The Jewish Community is a very small group in Turkey today, considering that the total population which is 99% Moslem exceeds 57 million. |
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http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Turkey.html
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| | History of Turkey & Anatolia |
| | However, responsibility for the huge exchange of Christian and Muslim populations between Turkey and Greece is also shared by the Allies and Greece, who also signed the Second Treaty of Versailles in 1922. | | | In 1923, the Republic of Turkey was founded on a policy of ethnic Turk nationalism, which wrongly classified Kurds as "mountain Turks," who were supposedly "equal citizens" except that the Kurdish language and culture were outlawed! | | | For example, in a little-remembered holocaust from 1821 to 1913, more than half a million Muslims were murdered or driven from their homes in the Balkan peninsula and Greece by various Christian groups including Greeks, Bosnian Serbs, Bulgarians, and Russian Cossacks. |
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http://www.photoseek.com/Turkhist.html
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| | History of Anatolia |
| | The Araks and Kurucay rivers flow to the Caspian Sea; the Kizil and Sakarya to the Black Sea; the Macestus to the Sea of Marmara; and the Gediz and the Buyukmenderes to the Aegean. | | | It succeeded both the BYZANTINE EMPIRE, whose capital, Constantinople (modern ISTANBUL), it made its own in 1453, and the Arab CALIPHATE, whose mantle of descent from Muhammad it claimed after conquest of Egypt in 1517. | | | About 3 million KURDS live in the eastern provinces, and several hundred thousand Arabs inhabit the Hatay enclave adjacent to Syria. |
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http://www.turkishnews.com/DiscoverTurkey/anatolia/history.html
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| | Turkey Travel Information Lonely Planet Destination Guide |
| | Travellers are advised to avoid contact with poultry while in Turkey and monitor government information regarding virus. | | | Check out what other travellers are saying about Turkey. | | | Check your Midnight Express stereotypes at the door - this is a rapidly modernising country with one foot in Europe and one in the Middle East. |
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http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/destinations/europe/turkey
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| | Turkey |
| | Ironically, while Turkey is too Islamic for Europe, it is not enough Islamic for most of the Arab world, as it is willing to make alliances with Israel. | | | It occurred in the 1660s when a demagogue arose from the Turkish Jewish community and had perhaps half of the Jews in the world at that time believing he was the Messiah. | | | If you look at the history of the Peoples of the Book: Jews, Christians, and Moslems, you find the captivity in Egypt to be a major formative event. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/6960/turkey.htm
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| | Art History - History of Art - Art History in Ottoman Empire - Ottoman Art History |
| | Following this the Venetians attacked the coastal areas of Turkey with their fleet. | | | Midhat has been criticized for accepting certain amendments demanded by Abdülhamid, including the then-notorious article 113, which gave the sultan the right to deport persons harmful to the state. | | | The Ottomans withdrew and left the islands to Italy. |
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http://www.easterncorner.com/Turkey.htm
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| | MERIA RESEARCH GUIDE |
| | Below are internet sources on a few long-standing issues such as the Cyprus question, accession to the European Union (EU), water issues regarding Turkey, Syria, and Iraq and newer issues such as the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Caspian oil diplomacy and bilateral relations with countries in the Middle East. | | | In addition, it features further links to articles and web pages from the international press that have been published on other web sites that can be easily accessed at . | | | This site also has a link to the European Strategy for Turkey where you can find the Commission’s October 1999 report that recommends elevating Turkey’s status from applicant to candidate country. |
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http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/meria/research-g/turkey.html
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| | History House: Turkey's Toy Boat |
| | Unfortunately, the Foreign Office was still chasing Jewish phantoms and put the kibosh on the idea. | | | The next morning, the Foreign Office in the United Kingdom was notified that the Sultan Osman was taking on fuel and preparing to get the hell out of Dodge. | | | These pathetic subs didn't work underwater (!) and were left to rust in 1910. |
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http://www.historyhouse.com/in_history/turkey_boat
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| | Turkey |
| | While the empire reoriented its external affairs, the internal repression of Abdul Hamid's regime intensified, leading to the development of groups opposed to the sultan and his government. | | | A new government under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, known as Ataturk, emerged in Ankara. | | | Western Anatolia was left to his general Lysimachos, who brought his treasure of 3,000 pieces of gold to Pergamon (Bergama) for safe-keeping. |
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http://www.shelales.com/turkey.htm
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| | Amazon.com: Ancient Turkey: A Traveller's History: Books: Seton Lloyd |
| | Frommer's Turkey : From the Blue Mosque to the Blue Lagoon (Frommer's Complete) by Lynn A. Levine | | | Lonely Planet Turkey (Lonely Planet Turkey) by Pat Yale | | | Join Amazon Prime and ship Two-Day for free and Overnight for $3.99. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0520220420?v=glance
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| | History of Turkey |
| | The doctrine enunciated American intentions to guarantee the security of Turkey and Greece and resulted in large scale U.S. military and economic aid. | | | Turkey did not enter World War II on the Allied side until shortly before the war ended and became a charter member of the United Nations. | | | Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. |
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http://infotut.com/geography/Turkey
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| | The History of Turkey |
| | The Turks arrived in Anatolia from Central Asia by way of continual migrations and incursions, and through their policy of tolerance in government earned the love of the Indo-European peoples living on the peninsula.It was the Turks who adopted Islam, and on this basis mingled with the local peoples starting in 1071. | | | The Ghaznavids finally collapsed in 1186 and were assimilated by the Oguz. | | | The resistance movement was, until Mustafa Kemal landed at Samsun, sporadic and disorganized; under his leadership the resistance became cohesive, its forces progressively turned into an organized army and the movement became a full scale war of independence. |
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http://www.worldturkey.com/lang/eng/history.php
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| | Handbook of Texas Online: TURKEY, TX |
| | By 1958 only thirty-eight businesses were reported, and by 1961 the population of Turkey had dropped to 813. | | | In 1900 the Turkey post office was reopened, and by 1906 a school district had been established and a chapter of the Woodmen of the World had been organized. | | | By 1955 about 1,005 people were living there, but the town began to decline again in the late 1950s. |
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http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/TT/hlt36.html
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| | A short history of Turkey |
| | He rules the country as a dictator and under his leadership Turkey becomes a secular one-party state. | | | Kemal becomes known as Kemal Atatürk in 1935 and the party is renamed Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (Republican People's Party, CHP) te same year. | | | The continued validity and applicability of Kemalism is the subject of frequent discussion and debate in Turkey's political life. |
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http://www.electionworld.org/history/turkey.htm
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| | Turkish Odyssey/About Turkey/History |
| | When discussing history it is always difficult to know from which period to actually begin. | | | If we want to speak about Turkey, we have to begin by going back to the very early ages as the present country is an extension and mixture of people who come from various origins. | | | The author shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to be caused, directly or indirectly by the information contained in this web site. |
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http://www.turkishodyssey.com/turkey/history/history.htm
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| | Thanksgiving Turkey History |
| | Considering Columbus thought he was in India at the time of the alleged naming, not in the New World where he actually was, this definition seems fairly plausible. | | | The turkey was also one of the manifestations of Tezcatlipoca, the trickster god, who had been elevated to the highest position in the Aztec polytheistic pantheon. | | | The unsuspecting turkey would peck up the corn, go inside the pen and, because of its poor eyesight and subnormal intelligence, become so flustered it would be unable to find its way out. |
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http://dcpages.ari.net/Events/Holidays/Thanksgiving/Turkey_History.shtml
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| | demiral.org - history of Turkey |
| | After bitter fighting in 1832, the Kingdom of Greece was formed; the Serbs, Bulgarians, Rumanians, Albanians, Armenians and Arabs would all seek independence soon after. | | | The European powers hovered vulture-like over the disintegrating empire, while within Turkey various disastrous attempts to revivify the country were undone by the unfortunate decision to side with Germany in WWI. | | | Sixty years after Mohammed heard the voice of God, and 50 years after his ignominious flight from Mecca, the armies of Islam were threatening the walls of Constantinople (669-78), having conquered everything and everybody from there to Mecca, plus Persia and Egypt. |
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http://www.demiral.org/history_turkey.htm
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| | A Virtual Travel Guide to Turkey - Türkiye |
| | Periodic military offensives against Kurdish separatists have dislocated part of the population in southeast Turkey and have drawn international condemnation. | | | Turkey is often called "the cradle of civilization," as it has been home to a rich variety of tribes and nations of people since 6500 B.C. The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, replacing the dynastic and theocratic Ottoman system, with its Sultanate and Caliphate. | | | Turkey includes one of the more earthquake-prone areas of the world. |
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http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/turkey.htm
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| | History of TURKEY |
| | In 1463-4 he captures Bosnia where a large number of nobles convert to Islam, unlike neighbouring Serbia which remains largely Greek Orthodox - a distinction with resonance in more recent history. | | | But the achievement which gives Mehmed his title of Fatih (Conqueror), and his secure place in history, has been his capture in 1453 of Constantinople. | | | By the time of Mehmed's death, in 1481, Anatolia has also been recovered. |
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http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac94
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| | King Turkey Day History |
| | The Great Gobbler Gallop has been featured in Sports Illustrated and Turkey Day politics have been reported on both in Time and Newsweek. | | | There was a growing demand for turkey poults and for turkey eggs; it was said there was no place on earth where more turkeys were hatched each year. | | | But turkeys continued to be processed at Worthington; it was said there was no place on earth where more turkeys were processed each year. |
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http://www.wgtn.net/Turkeyday/history.htm
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| | National Wild Turkey Federation - All About Turkeys |
| | Fortunately, our nation's hunters, wildlife agencies and conservation organizations intervened and turkey populations rebounded dramatically. | | | This money is still needed today to support continuing efforts to conserve wild turkeys and other game and non-game species. | | | Wild turkeys are also hunted in parts of Canada and Mexico. |
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http://www.nwtf.org/all_about_turkeys/history_of_hunting.html
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| | Turkey brief history |
| | Turkey enters World War I as an ally of Germany. | | | Almost bloodless military coup followed by successive inefficient governments. | | | Turkey becomes charter member of the United Nations. |
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http://www.realestatebelek.com/english/History.htm
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| | History of Turkey |
| | This time Turkey embarked on a new journey towards a modern, secular republic under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, known as "Atatürk". | | | The large trade industry between Anatolia and Assyria brought written history to Anatolia in about 2,000 B.C. Kayseri, Kanesh and Karum, appear to be the first trade centers of the world, where thousands of clay tablets have been found relating to this trade. | | | Hundreds of cities with thousands of remains from this period can be seen all over the country. |
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http://www.asiaminortours.com/turkey/history.htm
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| | Custom Calls Online - History of Turkey Calls |
| | Without his fine work this article would have been impossible to complete. | | | Turkey calls have gained popularity in recent years with collector’s nation wide. | | | This information is but a sampling of that available in great detail on turkey calls. |
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http://www.customcalls.com/turkeycall_history.htm
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| | History of Turkey Mill |
| | This had been built and later leased to him by James Whatman, a tanner of Loose. | | | Throughout history Heads of State and world leaders have shown a particular penchant for Whatman paper. | | | Under his leadership Turkey Mill’s importance continued to grow until the name of Whatman was respected around the world. |
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http://www.turkeymill.co.uk/historyofturkeym.html
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| | History (from Turkey) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia |
| | This geographical location has had a major influence on the history of Turkey and on the politics and culture of its people. | | | This chance discovery was one of the great events in the history of the world. | | | Provides a detailed overview of the people, geography, history, society, environment, economy, government, foreign relations, and armed forces of Turkey. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-214560
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| | HISTORY OF TURKEY |
| | The history of Byzantium is one of alternating periods of glory and decay, of religious dissent, of conflicts and wars with Persians, Arabs, Seljuks, Ottomans and peoples of the North. | | | Anatolia is a melting pot where cultures from Sumer, Babylon and Assyria interacted for centuries with peoples such as the Hattis, Hittites, Hourrites. | | | The final blow to the Empire came with the First World War, during which Turkey was on the losing side with Germany. |
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http://www.deepnature.com/turkey_history.htm
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| | Turkey: History |
| | 1995: The Islamist Welfare Party becomes the largest party after the elections, making it hard for the other parties of Turkey to form a new government without having their support. | | | The agreement between the two parties, involved that Ciller would become prime minister in 1998. | | | Turkey had significant economic growth, and made great steps in direction of being considered a European state. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/turkey_5.htm
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| | History of Istanbul - All About Turkey |
| | When the Republic of Turkey was born in 1923 after the War of Independence, Kemal Ataturk moved the capital to the city of Ankara. | | | Byzas gave his name to the city: Byzantium. | | | Byzas chose the spot after consulting an oracle of Delphi who told him to settle across from the "land of the blind ones." Indeed, Byzas concluded, earlier settlers must have been deprived of their sight to have overlooked this superb location at the mouth of the Bosphorus strait. |
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http://www.allaboutturkey.com/istanbul.htm
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| | Discover Turkey: ANATOLIA |
| | Turkey remained neutral in World War II until it joined the Allies in February 1945. | | | Turkey joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1952. | | | Inonu then won what has been called "the greatest diplomatic victory in history" when the Treaty of Lausanne (see LAUSANNE, TREATY OF) recognized the Republic of Turkey. |
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http://www.turkishnews.com/DiscoverTurkey/anatolia
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| | thanksgiving turkey traditions |
| | Unfortunately the Bradford document was lost after being taken away by the British during the War of Independence. | | | The wild turkey is native to northern Mexico and the eastern United States. | | | Though there is no real evidence that turkey was served at the Pilgrim's first thanksgiving, but through ages it became an indispensable part of the Thanksgiving tradition. |
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http://www.theholidayspot.com/thanksgiving/turkey.htm
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| | The history of the Republic of Turkey |
| | Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity nor to release their copyright. | | | The contemporary political history of the Republic of Turkey | | | The working-class history of the Republic of Turkey |
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http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/index-d.html
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| | The History of Turkey — www.greenwood.com |
| | The history concentrates on the establishment of the Turkish republic as a single-party state in the first half of the 20th century and on the development of politics, the economy, and society during the Cold War years. | | | ...the text is informative, analytical, and readable, written by a scholar who knows the country and its history intimately, unlike some journalists who have written books on Turkey. | | | Howard, an authority in the field, shows how Turkey's political, economic, and social system developed as a result of the founding vision of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and circumstances of the Cold War. |
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http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR0708.aspx
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| | Turkey - WWW-VL History |
| | Although Anatolia (the western portion of Asian Turkey) is one of the oldest inhabited regions of the world, the history of Turkey as a national state began only with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. | | | "Turkey and Russia," The United States Review Vol. | | | The lands of Turkey are located at a point where the three continents making up the old world. |
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http://vlib.iue.it/history/asia/Turkey
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| | Turkey |
| | They were not permitted to return to Turkey until 1953, when Ataturk and his lieutenants were safely at peace with his maker. | | | The highest earthly title of the Muslim world, enjoyed by the Sultans of Turkey after their conquest of Egypt in 1517. | | | In the southern Meditterranean, Egypt and Cyprus were under British control, Crete and Samos under international supervision, and Algeria and Tunisia were under the French. |
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http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey.htm
(2590 words)
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| | TURKEY RAMA HISTORY & FACTS |
| | 1973 also brought an end to the turkey races, a response to pressure from animal right activists. | | | In 1961, The Pacific Coast Turkey Exhibit and the McMinnville Chamber of Commerce joined forces to sponsor what we still call today, Turkey Rama. | | | The first Biggest Turkey was named in 1980, however, since 1987 local businesspersons and community leaders have competed for the title of Biggest Turkey by raising funds for The Hospice Program of Yamhill County. |
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http://www.mcminnville.org/turkeyrama/history.html
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| | HISTORY OF TURKEY |
| | During the Byzantine age, Turkey witnessed the further advancement of Christianity. | | | The most important Phrygian remains have been found in Gordion, the Phrygian capital, near Ankara. | | | After the War of Independence (1919 - 1923), Mustafa Kemal Atatürk led the nation to create the Turkish Republic, which was formally established on October 29, 1923. |
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http://www.microarch.org/micro35/Turkey/DATA/HISTORY.HTM
(1405 words)
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| | History of TURKEY |
| | There is much debate in Turkey as to how the nation should be positioned in the coming world war. | | | After the outbreak of war, these ships shell Russian targets in the Black Sea. | | | In retaliation Russia declares war on Turkey, in November 1914, followed the next day by France and Britain. |
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http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3140&HistoryID=ac94
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| | History of Turkey |
| | 1914 Turkey enters World War I as ally of Germany. | | | 1950 Turkey enters Korean War as part of the UN forces. | | | and anarchy in Turkey, led by Kenan Evren, Chief of National Security Council and General Staff. |
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http://www.toptenturkey.com/History_of_Turkey.htm
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| | WWW Virtual Library Labour History: Turkey |
| | The foundation in charge of the heritage of the Turkish Communist Party. | | | TUSAM The Center for Class Studies in Turkey is a non-profit scientific research institution based in Istanbul and founded in 2003 as a part of the Foundation for Social Researches (SAV); information in Turkish. | | | Coal Miners A website concerning the Zongdulgak coalfield during the Ottoman era, containing photographs, maps, and documents. |
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http://www.iisg.nl/~w3vl/turkey.html
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| | StreetSwing's Dance History Archives- Turkey Trot Dance - Main |
| | Most historians agree that the Turkey Trot was invented in San Francisco around 1909, but some have reported that it came from Central America in the 1860's (unlikely). | | | Many people thought of the Turkey Trot as demoralizing and tried "Bans" on the dance but this only added to it's popularity, even the Castles tried to eliminate this dance from society in 1914, even tho it was the dance that gave them their first break in the business. | | | Doctors to the turkey trotting rich say that the only cure is to shake your leg or get it pulled several times daily. |
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http://www.streetswing.com/histmain/z3turtrt.htm
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| | Brief Seismic History of Turkey |
| | Turkey is located on a highly active Eurasian Geological Plate which has caused numerous big scale earthquakes throughout the history. | | | There have been 58 major destructive earthquakes during the period of 1903 and 1999 (including the two newest earthquakes in western Turkey). | | | As a result Turkey ranks high among the countries which have suffered significant losses of life and property dues to earthquakes. |
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http://www.usc.edu/dept/civil_eng/structural_lab/eq-rp/seismicity.html
(757 words)
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| | 1Up Travel : Turkey - History and Culture of Turkey. |
| | The Ottoman Empire reached its peak during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, and the social, administrative, and governmental institutions that had been evolving since the 14th century were formalized in a series of codes till the end of the century. | | | The Ottomans emerged in history as leaders of Turks who fought the Byzantines in northwestern Anatolia. | | | We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities before you travel. |
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http://www.1uptravel.com/international/middleeast/turkey/history-culture.html
(184 words)
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| | Bronze age history of Turkey |
| | It would not be an exaggeration to say that the Hittites formed one of the most interesting and authentic civilizations of the world history with the help of a rich cultural background they inherited from the Hattis over 250 years. | | | The peaceful times in Anatolia that lasted for thousands of years came to an end with a fierce attack around 2000 BC. | | | Not only did they take the names of mountains, rivers and towns from them; Hittites preserved even the original Hatti name of the country they lived in as “the land of Hatti”. |
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http://www.turizm.net/turkey/history/bronzeage.html
(885 words)
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| | Turkish Odyssey/About Turkey/History/Turkish Period |
| | For the caravans, they developed the kervansaray (caravansary) which was designed to meet the needs of any trader on the account of the state. | | | It was very interesting that, for the first time in history, Seljuks created state insurance for the losses of tradesmen. | | | Establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey with Ataturk as the president |
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http://www.turkishodyssey.com/turkey/history/history3.htm
(4652 words)
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| | WHKMLA : History of Turkey, ToC |
| | Republic of Turkey, Constitutions, from Verfassungen.de, in German | | | Coat of Arms, from Wappenlexikon, comment in German | | | Timeline of Turkish history (since 1914) from Library UTexas, scan; another timeline 7500 B.C.-today from Hitit; another timeline 1923- from Encyclopedia of the Orient; from BBC News; Turkey to 1960, Turkey since 1961, from timelines.ws |
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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/asmin/xturkey.html
(320 words)
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