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| | Untitled |
 | | This inquiry is obviously compulsory for primary tense. | | | These factors are, however, hidden from the choosers which simply receive from the environment the answers to their inquiries. | | | Other approaches (among these the classic account of [23], see also [11]) claim that the temporal structure is restricted to three elements, i.e, the speaking time, the event time, and one reference time. |
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http://www.dimi.uniud.it/~tasso/WASHINGTONGRAM.html
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| | Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.06.36 |
| | Later in the same chapter, some historical presents are said to have been substituted for imperfects. | | | Whether or not he successfully melds these two views is largely the story of this book. | | | This section will test the dedication of anyone who intends to read the book in its entirety, and it comes early for that. |
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http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2002/2002-06-36.html
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| | b-greek-digest V1 #928 |
| | Philip and Stephen: I find all of this very interesting, especially as I am currently reading Mark with my Greek group. | | | If there is something more up-to-date which is also scholarly and accurate, I'd be appreciate the bibliographic reference. | | | It is interesting to note that, according to my understanding of the tense forms here, the Pharisees' question in Mk 2:24 is not an event (since it is introduced with ELEGON), but background which sets up Jesus' utterance; LEGEI in v. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/archives/greek-3/msg01258.html
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| | Present tense - |
| | We're looking for a new apartment, we're in the process of finding a new apartment. | | | Strictly speaking, these different present tenses are actually aspects. | | | There are two common types of present tenses found in most Indo-European languages: the present indicative (in the indicative mood) and the present subjunctive (subjunctive mood). |
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http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Present_tense
(284 words)
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| | abstracts |
| | I begin by providing further evidence for Dechaine’s claim that AAE simple V-ed sentences are ambiguous. | | | Tense, on the other hand, is a relation between the topic time and the time the sentence is uttered (TU). | | | The aorist tense on an activity verb (without a prefix) also makes the object specific as in (10a), (10a) and (10b) differ only in their expression of boundedness through the imperfect and aorist morphemes, and their interpretation is radically different. |
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http://www-uilots.let.uu.nl/conferences/Perspectives_on_Aspect/P_o_A_abstracts.html
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| | Grammatical tense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | future-perfect-in-past tense: will be completed by some time which is in the future of some time in the past, eg., Sally went to work; by the time she should be home, the burglary would have been completed. | | | Grammatical tense is a way languages express the time at which an event described by a sentence occurs. | | | As we will see, some of these tenses in fact involve elements of modality (e.g. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense
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| | Grammatical tense/multilingual sources - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Tense is the way in which language talks about the timing of particular events. | | | Protosemitic had a two-tense system, which operated as aspects semantically, but grammatically 'done' and 'doing' were the sense of time. | | | One other point is that I think a clarification of what tense isn't may be required in the introduction; namely that many may be under the impression that tense implies something along the lines of inflection or the like (based, in fact, on an English bias, I believe). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense/multilingual_sources
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| | Continuous aspect - Biocrawler |
| | For example, "John had been playing tennis when Jane called him" suggests that Jane's calling him interrupted his tennis-playing (whereas in the former example, it was possible that he simply ignored her call), and leaves open the possibility that what she told him required such urgent action that he forfeited his match and left. | | | This page was last modified 13:49, 28 Apr 2005. | | | An example of the former is "I'm taking three classes next semester"; of the latter, "I was going to do it if I had time, and then I didn't have time." In this use, this construction has a temporal (tense-like) quality in additional to its usual aspectual one. |
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http://www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Present_progressive_tense
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| | Rense, Aspect, and Voice (322) |
| | Relevance is grammatical category of English that marks from the speaker's point of view whether a targeted clause is relevant to the speech event or to some other event either prior to or after the speech event. | | | We could claim that T is lowered to the closest acceptable host for tense, which in this case is V. However, we will claim that the grammatical features of T are copied to V, which T must govern. | | | [+Past] (the so-called present tense) refers to any eventuality that occurs before the speech event (the moment of speaking) and [-Past] to any other eventuality. |
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http://www.sfu.ca/~dearmond/322/322.tense.aspect.htm
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| | Tense-Aspect Controversy Revisited |
| | Tense, which grasps time linearly as a past-present-future continuum, is the more tangible one, for it can be analyzed independently of the speaker's mental state. | | | Miyoshi (1974:24) claims, 'Japanese has no clearly established grammatical tense, and forms for past and present [nonpast] are often interchanged without creating any confusion for the reader.' However, if there is no clearly established grammatical tense, to what do the 'forms for past and present' refer? | | | Because his primary tense is identical with the conventional notion of tense, I call the former, (deictic) tense. |
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http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~hasegawa/Papers/time.html
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| | HLW: Grammatical Categories: Verb |
| | Another set of properties that distinguishes some events and states from others is related to their truth: whether they are true or likely to be true, whether we are treating them as true just for the sake of argument, whether we would like them to be true. | | | Just as number ended up grammatical in languages such as English, we might expect reference to the time of events and states to end up grammatical too. | | | The circumstances in which the direct object morpheme is obligatory are complicated, but there are such circumstances. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Inflection/verbs.html
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| | What is tense? |
| | Tense is a grammatical category, typically marked on the verb, that deictically refers to the time of the event or state denoted by the verb in relation to some other temporal reference point. | | | This page is an extract from the LinguaLinks Library, Version 5.0 published on CD-ROM by SIL International, 2003. |
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http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsTense.htm
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| | Article about "Grammatical mood" in the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 |
| | Many languages have the concept of grammatical mood, which describes the relation of the verb to reality or intent in speaking. | | | In the phrase "If I was king, you would be queen", "was" is subjunctive while "would be" is conditional. | | | Example: an ancient Greek might say "Would that Paul would read more!" with the words would that expressed by the placing the verb read in the optative mood. |
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http://fixedreference.org/en/20040424/wikipedia/Grammatical_mood
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| | Teaching the Expression of Time [tense, aspect, modality] |
| | This is misleading, as many more elements are in play. | | | This page has been formatted for online reading. | | | Tense expresses proximity (Present) or distance (Past), in relation not only to time, but also to possibility and status. |
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http://www.gabrielatos.com/TTA.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Tense and aspect present states and events from different perspectives. | | | Klein (1994:3) associates finiteness with the assertion made by an utterance, and says that tense, like aspect, imposes a temporal constraint on the assertion. | | | The present tense produces different interpretations when combined with events and states. |
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http://www.ku.edu/~pyersqr/Ling331/Kearns7.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | This study has as a primary aim to investigate the ‘Prototype Theory’ on Greek-speaking children. | | | This theory suggests that there are two prototypes in tense and aspect: the first prototype relates past tense-perfective grammatical aspect and telic lexical aspect and the second one relates present tense-imperfective grammatical aspect and atelic lexical aspect. | | | Our findings so far, suggest that the ‘Prototype theory’ could account for the acquisition process in Greek as far as the tense/aspect interaction is concerned. |
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http://www.unige.ch/lettres/latl/chronos/delidaki.doc
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Preterite |
| | The preterite (also praeterite, in American English also preterit) is the grammatical tense expressing actions which took place in the past. | | | To see the article relating to eschatology and the Book of Revelation, see Preterism. | | | However, in the colloquial language of North Germany, there is still a very important difference between the preterite and the perfect, and both tenses are consequently very common. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/P/PR/PRE/Preterite
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| | French American Colloquia |
| | The issue has been taken up most extensively in Enc (1987), who argues that under the propositional approach, tense potentially affects the interpretation of all elements in its scope. | | | The main empirical problem facing the so-called `quantificational approach' to tense theory inherited from tense logic (Montague 1973) crucially involves the temporal interpretation of nominals. | | | She argues that the `free' temporal interpretations of nominals is best captured by an indexical analysis, and provides a characterization of *specificity* in terms of `D(iscourse)-linking'. |
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http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/www/conferences/salt8/lecarme.html
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| | Chorus: Bible Analysis: Bible Windows, Page 2 |
| | This was the only program reviewed which could search for this basic Greek grammatical construction. | | | Searches can use Boolean AND, OR, NOT operators, but Greek and Hebrew searches cannot be grouped with parentheses. | | | Allowing the exclusion of specific words or grammatical forms between the search terms would open new search possibilities. |
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http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/chorus/call/reviews/templates/call_review_template_2.html
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| | Aorist - |
| | (Grammatical note: the first letter of ηγαγον is an eta, and not an alpha, because of a Greek verbal augment that marks the past indicative tense.) | | | There is some confusion over whether the aorist is a tense or an aspect. | | | In other moods (subjunctive, optative and imperative), however, as well as in the infinitive and (largely) the participle, the aorist is purely aspectual, with no reference to any particular tense. |
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http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Aorist
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| | Mother tongue has a say in specific language impairment |
| | The results were compared to those obtained from two groups of normally developing compatriots -- those of the same age and those who were two years younger. | | | The study showed that such grammatical morphemes were not nearly as difficult for children learning languages such as Italian, Hebrew and Spanish, where the language often provides a distinct ending or sound for each new tense, and verbs are inflected for tense and grammatical agreement. | | | "There is no question that all children with this disorder seem to have some extraordinary problems in the use of some grammatical details, but the number and the specific types of grammatical details will vary from language to language," says Purdue University Professor Laurence B. Leonard. |
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http://www.purdue.edu/uns/html4ever/9901.Leonard.SLI.html
(800 words)
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| | Analyzing English Grammar (pt.III) |
| | These two inflectional markers are motivated by a grammatical rule (a rule that is an abstraction of possible variables): | | | The idea that modal verbs can project tense would mean that all modals would be able to project tense--as a category of 'part-of-speech'. | | | In addition to their specific grammatical tasks of Do--simple, Be--progressive/passive, Have--perfect, all three auxiliaries (as well as modals here) may serve out two general tasks of providing operations that include (i) supporting Question formation, and (ii) supporting Negation formation. |
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http://www.csun.edu/~galasso/completehandbook3.htm
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| | Analyzing English Grammar (pt.IV) |
| | The book was put on the desk by John. | | | This type of grammatical construction often gives one the impression of having a dual tense since it is possible to denote a quasi present-past or past-past reference to grammatical time. | | | So, for all intense and purposes, what has been presented in the pages above is more or less a theory which stipulates a general adjacency condition. |
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http://www.csun.edu/~galasso/completehandbook4.htm
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| | The meaning of tense and aspect |
| | This presentation aims at explaining some basic concepts that may help you in understanding what the English tense and aspect are about. | | | The two tenses, past and present, combine with the aspects discussed below to indicate how the event is viewed in relation to time. | | | Consequently, there is no future tense in English, even though there are, of course, many different ways in which we can talk about the future time: |
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http://www.helsinki.fi/~mpalande/meaning_of_tense_and_aspect.html
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| | UHMTueSemF2004 |
| | Finally, it was found that the children started to use time adverbs when they began to use the tense marker to refer to past events, which supports the Cognitive Limitation Hypothesis. | | | —ess occurred were identified and then coded for the inherent lexical aspect of the predicate as well as the grammatical aspect (if any). | | | Two hypotheses are considered: (a) the Distributional Bias Hypothesis, which attributes the aspect before tense phenomenon to input (Li 1989), and (b) the Cognitive Limitation Hypothesis, which attributes the phenomenon to underdevelopment of temporal concepts (Bronckart and Sinclair 1973). |
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http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/UHMTueSem/TuesdayF2004/UHMTueSemF2004-06-2.html
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| | Table of Contents |
| | Although there were no statistically reliable differences between the SLI and DS groups on any morpheme measure, the groups were not comparably weak in their use of the regular past, -ed; the irregular third person singular morphemes (e.g., has, does); the present progressive, -ing; or the use of modals. | | | The purpose of the present study was to examine the grammatical morphology and sentence imitation performance of two different groups of children with language impairment and to compare their performance with that of children learning language typically. | | | Exploratory analyses were completed on a set of 11 individual grammatical morphemes as a follow-up to the principal analyses. |
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http://www.asha.org/about/publications/journal-abstracts/jslhr/45/04?articleabstract=720
(345 words)
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| | A New Bible Series |
| | This one single event jotted down in one moment of time, is called punctiliar action. | | | There is no possibility of its not coming to pass. | | | This verb tense has the element of “punctiliar action.” This fancy word in reality means nothing more than a “punctuation” or “punctuation mark” in the succession of time. |
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http://www.homestead.com/christianindiantv/files/OurpositioninChristtwo.htm
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| | Tips for writing German compositions |
| | Choose the grammatical tense and mood of your essay according to these questions. | | | Also, think about what grammatical forms you will need: are you writing about past tense events, opinions, future events, hypothetical events? | | | Match the words, phrases, and ideas that you have collected while brainstorming to the main points in your outline. |
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http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~sathe/211/compositiontips.htm
(388 words)
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| | SEM1A5 - Part 2 - A Morphological Analyser |
| | This will be represented as another Prolog structured object, with five arguments (one for each of the above grammatical features, and one argument spare for later expansion). | | | For practical NLP we usually require more information, such as the syntactic category (often known as the part-of-speech) and perhaps other information such as tense, number, grammatical person, etc. | | | For this system, which is designed for English, we will have: |
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http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~pjh/sem1a5/pt2/pt2_morph_analyser.html
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| | Publications and Presentations by Professor Mabel Rice |
| | Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 1239-1257. | | | Hadley, P.A., and Rice, M.L. Emergent uses of BE and DO: Evidence from children with specific language impairment. | | | Cleave, P.L., and Rice, M.L. An examination of the morpheme BE in children with specific language impairment: The role of contractibility and grammatical form class. |
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http://www.clp.ku.edu/mabelrice/pubslist.htm
(2682 words)
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| | TESOL 2000: Second language acquisition CA Program Listing |
| | This research in-progress investigates the extent to which semantic cues (e.g. | | | All program events listed are for archival purposes only and do not imply that a presentation was actually given at the convention. | | | time expression) than on grammatical forms (e.g.-ed past tense endings) when processing input. |
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http://www.tesol.edu/conv/t2000/pp/program/cas/ca_n1.html
(1591 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | I heard the drums banging for two hours straight Perfect—A tense without reference to time of speaking Ex.: Future perfect: When I get there, Laurie will have arrived already Past perfect: When I got there, Laurie had arrived already Progressive—an aspect, not a tense, marked by the form be. | | | Ex.: Max is sleeping (Max is in the process of sleeping) Voice—a set of oppositions having to do with which noun phrase in a sentence bears the grammatical relation of subject: the one denoting the “doer” and the one denoting the “logical direct object. | | | Ex.: John hit the ball (active voice) The ball was hit by John (passive voice) Modal—tenseless auxiliary verbs. |
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http://www.tarleton.edu/~jbarrett/Chapter9Definitions.doc
(236 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | subjunctive using base form of verb [for desires, preferences, etc.], past subjunctive using past tense “were” in an “if-clause”) Examples of Indicative Sentences Active Voice — Present tense: Frank fries fritters. | | | Present perfect progressive: Frank has been frying fritters. |
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http://falcon.jmu.edu/~cotesa/auxs.doc
(204 words)
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