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| | Encyclopedia4U - Germanic peoples - Encyclopedia Article |
 | | Linguists, working backwards from historically-known Germanic languages, suggest that this group spoke proto-Germanic, a distinct branch of the Indo-European language family. | | | The term Germanic peoples or Germanic tribes applies to the ancient Germanic peoples, and has only the remotest connection to the nation state of Germany formed 2,000 years later. | | | Some of the Germanic tribes are frequently blamed in popular conceptions for the "Fall" of the Roman Empire in the late 5th century. |
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http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/g/germanic-peoples.html
(843 words)
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| | Gothic language - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site |
| | But there have also been theories grouping West and East Germanic. | | | The Gothic language (*gutiska razda, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺) is an extinct Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths and specifically by the Visigoths. | | | Single vowels are long primarily where a historically present nasal consonant has been dropped in front of an [h] (a case of compensatory lengthening). |
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http://www.factbug.org/cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=11885
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| | Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Goths |
| | The fact is that virtually all of those phonetic and grammatical features that characterize the North Germanic languages as a separate branch of the Germanic language family (not to mention the features that distinguish various Norse dialects) seem to have evolved at a later stage than the one preserved in Gothic. | | | Although no alternative theory has been proposed for the appearance of Germanic tribes in northern Poland, some historians have expressed doubts that the Goths originated in Scandinavia. | | | Still, some claim that Gutnish is not closer to Gothic than any other Germanic dialect. |
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http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Goths
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| | The Germans |
| | For the most part, the term "Germanic" is almost entirely a linguistic rather than a cultural term—it refers mainly to the tribal groups in Europe that spoke similar languages, Germanic, that had been derived from Celtic sources. | | | German religious practice was largely shamanistic as it was among the Celts; as with the Celts, religious ceremonies took place in groves and sometimes by bodies of water—this indicates that there was a strong sense of nature in Germanic religion. | | | After the conquest of Rome and a feeble attempt by the some Germanic tribes to continue Roman culture and institutions, the face of Europe was gradually transformed by a remarkable diversity of Germanic tribes. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MA/GERMANS.HTM
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| | The 2003 Newsletter of the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures at The Ohio State University |
| | While in Germany, Andrea presented a paper on the reactions of German intellectuals to the terrorist attacks on September 11 at a conference at the Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut (KWI) in Essen, Germany and she was invited to give a lecture on German intellectual discourse communities on America at the Universität Lüneburg, Germany. | | | At OSU she was part of an initiative to write "A Humanities ResponseTo National Security Documents" which can be found on http://humanities.osu.edu/. | | | In comparison, Columbus now feels strangely dwarfed to Erol, but he is confident that his dissertation in combination with the position as resident director of the Max Kade German House will keep his mind occupied. |
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http://germanic.osu.edu/news/yr2003/default.cfm
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| | Germanic Languages |
| | The West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages is spoken by the Germanic speaking people who occupied the southwestern part of the Germanic homeland. | | | East Norse is the eastern branch of the North Germanic languages used in Denmark and Sweden and their present and former colonies. | | | West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands. |
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http://softrat.home.mindspring.com/germanic.html
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| | Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures |
| | The region that became the Czech Republic was inhabited by Celtic and Germanic tribes, followed by Slavic tribes. | | | Prior to World War II (1939-1945), the country had a large Jewish population. | | | However, a small but important group of dissidents (political protesters) openly opposed the regime. |
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http://slavic.osu.edu/languagePrograms/czech/default.cfm
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| | Germanic Linguistics |
| | The Germanic languages is a subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, which were spoken by about 420 million people in many parts of the world (chiefly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere). | | | Strong evidence for the unity of all the modern Germanic languages can be found in the phenomenon known as the first Germanic sound shift or consonant shift (also called Grimm's law), which set the Germanic subfamily apart from the other members of the Indo-European family. | | | Today, however, the Indo-European languages have spread to every continent and a number of islands. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atrium/3993/germanics/grm_linguistics.htm
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| | League of Lost Languages - FrathWiki |
| | Examples include European languages of pre-Indo-European origin, modern East Germanic languages, fictional branches of Indo-European, sister groups of real-world families and isolates, etc. Of course, this is not limited to Europe. | | | This rule puts limits on conculturing, but it also helps avoiding awkward political and religious debates, and concentrating on the languages. | | | The idea is that in the LLL world, some languages survived that died out here, without changing the world more than necessary to accomodate the languages in question. |
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http://wiki.frath.net/League_of_Lost_Languages
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| | Science Fair Projects - Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages |
| | It ventures that the reason for the distinctiveness of the Germanic languages is because they represent, in essence, a creole language: a contact language between Indo-European speakers and a non-Indo-European substrate language spoken by some of the ancestors of the speakers of the Proto-Germanic language. | | | The Germanic substrate hypothesis is a hypothesis that some have ventured that attempts to explain the distinctiveness of the Germanic languages within the Indo-European language family. | | | The Germanic languages also share common innovations in grammar as well as in phonology: more than half of the noun cases featured in languages such as Sanskrit or Lithuanian are not present in Germanic. |
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Non-Indo-European_roots_of_Germanic_languages
(885 words)
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| | Science etc. |
| | North Germanic has the earliest writing, a few runic inscriptions from the 300s; this branch gave rise to Old Norse, the language of the sagas, and to the Scandinavian languages. | | | Gothic and the East Germanic branch are extinct. | | | East Germanic is also early, in the form of the Gothic bible, which however was written in what is now Bulgaria, the Goths having migrated far and wide from their original home in Scandinavia. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/dragon/judyt/science.html
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| | Encyclopedia: East Germanic languages |
| | The East Germanic languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages in the Germanic family. | | | This planned new article will describe the verb in Gothic parallel to the article West Germanic strong verb. | | | The Germanic language family is one of the language groups which resulted from the breakup of Proto-Indo-European (PIE). |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/East-Germanic-languages
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| | East Germanic tribes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The East Germanic languages are contrasted with North and West Germanic. | | | However, the East Germanic languages shared many characteristics with North Germanic, perhaps because of the later migration date. | | | However, there have been recent attempts by Germanic tribal polytheists to reconstruct a form of neo-Gothic as a common community language. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germanic
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| | The Forum of Indo-European Languages: Indo-European Links. |
| | The Celts are identified as the group of people who speak the Celtic languages which is a branch of Proto-Indo-European. | | | Definition of Proto-Indo-European language The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages. | | | BookFinder.com: A Theory of Textual Reconstruction in Indo... |
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http://www.1032.net/indo-european_links.html
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| | Jared Diamond on the Indo-European conquests |
| | The apparently European centre of gravity of Indo-European languages as of 1492 was actually an artifact of recent linguistic holocausts in Asia. | | | The Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs whom the Nazis sought to exterminate conversed in languages as Indo-European as that of their persecutors. | | | The reason is obvious: different languages could not possibly have inherited the same root for 'gun' from PIE, and they each had to invent or borrow their own word when guns were invented. |
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http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/diamond.html
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| | Germanic Law |
| | Whatever else is to be said about Tiw’s role in Germanic society, His patronage of Thing and His arbitration of battle is unchallenged. | | | The Germanic peoples maintained this practice until the coming of Christianity. | | | Since the Germanic people regarded law as being sprung from a collective acceptance of right and wrong, amongst fellow tribesmen, the closer to the local unit that the decision was made in, the better the decision reached usually would be. |
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http://www.normanniireiks.org/guilds_lore/lore/germanic_law.htm
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| | Wikinfo European languages |
| | These are languages of non-European origins which are spoken in parts of Europe. | | | The Finno-Ugric languages are a subfamily of the Uralic language family. | | | The Romance languages decended from the Vulgar Latin spoken across most of the lands of the Roman Empire. |
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http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.php?title=European_languages
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| | Gothic and Germanic |
| | It is a mere (an extinct) 3rd branch, though it is the eldest branch of the germanic languages. | | | Well, it and several other East Germanic languages form that third branch, and it's the earliest attested Germanic language. | | | It is true that there are seperate branches of Germanic languages. |
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http://www.ancientworlds.net/27706
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| | Germanic Languages |
| | The West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages is spoken by the Germanic speaking people who occupied the southwestern part of the Germanic homeland. | | | West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands. | | | Edwin Duncan, e-mail: eduncan@towson.edu for Seven Distinctive Features of Germanic. |
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http://softrat.home.mindspring.com/germanic.html
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| | ipedia.com: Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages Article |
| | Some people linked to obscure theories of European pre-history believe that the lack of clear cognates among other Indo-European languages is indicative of a mixed origin for the Germanic languages. | | | Among the Germanic languages, these words are found everywhere, north, south, east, and west; outside the Germanic family, cognates are unknown, or have been borrowed from Germanic. | | | A few of these words may be shared with the Celtic languages, but otherwise no other tongue has them. |
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http://www.ipedia.com/non_indo_european_roots_of_germanic_languages.html
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| | Artificial Languages |
| | Triparian: the language of a micronation, words are from Romance and Germanic languages, though Celtic tongues may end up contributing vocabulary, web site features a thousand-word dictionary, a grammar, sample texts and the start of a primer. | | | Aluric: an incomplete alien language containing 70 sounds, 7 noun/adjective cases, a complex but logical tense system, and a vocabulary drawn from roots present in many languages and expandable by means of numerous affixes. | | | Rikchik: The rikchiks speak in what would be called sign language by humans. |
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http://www.redshift.com/~bul2mun/lingvoj/lingvoj.htm
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| | Brythonic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | For the later history of the neo-Brythonic languages see under their own respective articles. | | | The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from the proto-Celtic language which was introduced to Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973). | | | The theory has been advanced (notably by R. O'Rahilly) that Ireland was populated by speakers of Brythonic before being displaced by speakers of a Q-Celtic language (possibly from the Quarietii tribe of southern France), although the linguists Dillon and Chadwick reject this theory as being implausible. |
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http://www.americancanyon.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Brythonic
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| | substratum: Definition, Synonyms and Much More From Answers.com |
| | It has also been proposed, controversially, that the Germanic languages arose as a result of the projection of an Indo-European language (most probably a Celtic or Slavic language) onto a Finno-Ugric or Afro-Asiatic substratum. | | | This conjecture has been offered as an explanation of the cryptic, apparently non-Indo-European origin of many Germanic roots. | | | It makes contact, and then interferes with language A. Language B is going to supplant language A: the speakers of language A abandon their own language in favour of that of population B, generally because they believe that it is in their best interests (economic, political, cultural, social). |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/substratum
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| | German Helmets : Safety Equipment |
| | Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages - Home Encylopedia Directory eShowcase Sitemap Privacy Contact Us Enyclopedia Home | | | See live article Non-Indo-European roots of Germanic languages There are a great many non-Indo-European roots in the Germanic tongues. | | | World Militaria - Militaria from WWI and WWII, Nazi German, Adolf Hitler, Eva Braun, Mussolini, Goering, Goebbels, Himmler, Bormann Personality... |
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http://ipisayhi.com/437-German-Helmets.html
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| | Articles - Indo-European languages |
| | Germanic languages (including English) — earliest testimonies in runic inscriptions from around the 2nd century, earliest coherent texts in Gothic, 4th century. | | | The possibility of common origin for some of these languages was first proposed by Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn in 1647, proposing their derivation from "Scythian". | | | There were no doubt other Indo-European languages which are now lost without a trace. |
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http://www.gaple.com/articles/Indo-European_languages
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| | Verbix -- Germanic. Conjugate verbs in 50+ languages |
| | East Germanic (extinct): the Gothic language and some other extinct languages. | | | Although for some language families there are written records of the parent language (e.g., for the Romance languages, which are variant developments of Latin), in the case of Germanic no written records of the parent language exist. | | | The Germanic languages are related in the sense that they can be shown to be different historical developments of a single earlier parent language. |
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http://www.verbix.com/languages/germanic.asp
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| | Indo-European and the Comparative Method |
| | [Catalogs real and alleged sound changes in IE families and languages. | | | [Evidence from the various IE languages bearing on Saussure's laryngal theory cited above. | | | "coffee" is not a cognate of kaffe, kahawa, cafe, etc.; that's an instance of lots of borrowing of the same word by various languages. |
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http://www.utexas.edu/depts/classics/documents/PIE.html
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| | Germanic Languages on the Internet.Germanic Resources online |
| | Germanic Languages One of the branches of the Indo-European language family, spoken by the Germanic peoples who were settled north and east along the borders of the Roman Empire. | | | The Western Germanic languages form a branch of the Germanic languages (which themselves constitute a branch of the large Indo-European language family). | | | The Germanic Heritage Page for anyone interested in medieval and pre-Christian Germanic languages, literature, culture, mythology, and religion. |
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http://links-guide.ru/sprachen/germanic-languages.html
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Germanic languages |
| | East Germanic languages were written in the Gothic alphabet developed by Bishop Ulfilas for his translation of the Bible into Gothic. | | | The Germanic languages form one of the branches of the Indo-European (IE) language family, spoken by the Germanic peoples who settled in northern Europe along the borders of the Roman Empire. | | | All Germanic languages are thought to be descended from a hypothetical Proto-Germanic. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/G/GE/GER/Germanic_languages
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