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| | FIRE Coalition |
 | | [Editor’s Note: This research in included to educate readers that what is presently the Southwest United States was acquired under two separate purchases from the Government of Mexico; and to lay to rest completely inaccurate and misleading assertions frequently made by radical pro-illegal immigration activists that this territory was somehow “stolen” from Mexico.] | | | The author briefly chronicles conflicts in the mid-1800’s between the United States and Mexico, and describes the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo whereby the war ended and the U.S. purchased much of what is the present day Southwest United States. |
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http://www.firecoalition.com/southwest.shtml
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| | Gadsden Purchase on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Olajuwon Holdings Purchases 63 Denny's Restaurants; Franchisee to Operate Over 100 Denny's. | | | Purchase of Land to Benefit Youth in Sallisaw, Okla. | | | GADSDEN PURCHASE [Gadsden Purchase] gădz´den, strip of land purchased (1853) by the United States from Mexico. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/G/GadsdenP1.asp
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| | National Expansion Hall of Fame — Members |
| | The purchase of Russian America also saved us the catastrophe of having the Red Army looking down at us from the Alaska Panhandle after the czarist government was ousted in 1917 and the incipient democratic government was in turn overthrown by the Bolsheviks! | | | Lincoln understood the urgency of defending the United States and its institutions in a world of danger and despotism. | | | Continuing as secretary of state under Andrew Johnson, he backed the president against Radical Republican attacks. |
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http://members.aol.com/xpus/HF-Members.html
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| | Louisiana Secretary of State/Museums/Old State Capitol/Louisiana Purchase - What IS? |
| | By the 1840's, most Americans fervently believed that it was the destiny of the nation to extend from sea to sea. | | | Debate over the purchase and over the addition of an "alien population" to the United States was intense with the New England states eager to condemn the acquisition of Louisiana and the frontier states of the South and West just as eager to defend it. | | | The Mexican War, the Oregon Treaty, and the Gadsden Purchase completed what Robert Livingston and James Monroe had begun and the "Manifest Destiny" of the United States of America became a reality. |
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http://www.sec.state.la.us/purchase/map.htm
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| | Memoir of the Proposed Territory of Arizona - Arizona |
| | THEY ARE NOT SO; they will be confirmed by every future report, and in after years, the public, FAMILIARIZED WITH facts which are only questioned because they are new, will wonder at its present incredulity, and regret the loss of advantages which may not always be within its reach." | | | We have no accurate survey of the west coast of the Gulf of California, but I am strongly of opinion that the original line conceded by Mexico would have thrown a portion of the gulf into American hands, by cutting off an arm of it extending east and north from the main body of water. | | | In the original treaty, as negotiated by General Gadsden, a more southern boundary than the one adopted by the Senate of the United States in confirming the treaty, was conceded by Santa Anna. |
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http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/hst/northamerican/MemoiroftheProposedTerritoryofArizona/Chap1.html
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| | MSN Encarta - Gadsden Purchase |
| | The land was named for the American railroad entrepreneur and diplomat James Gadsden. | | | The purchase was necessitated by the misunderstandings arising from the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican War. | | | Gadsden Purchase, land purchased by the United States from Mexico in 1853. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564337/Gadsden_Purchase.html
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| | Gadsden Purchase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This territory would be admitted into the Union as the State of Arizona on February 14, 1912. | | | After the consultation of the Mexican-American War in 1848, border disputes between the United States and Mexico remained unsettled. | | | The Gadsden Purchase was intended to allow for the construction of a southern route for a transcontinental railroad, and was also designed to fully compensate Mexico for the lands taken by the United States after the Mexican-American War. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase
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| | The Official Web Site of the Gadsden Purchase |
| | A large body of public opinion in the United States had opposed the war against Mexico and felt that the Southern republic had been treated badly. | | | The territory desired by Gadsden and his group was then a sort of no man's land, experiencing frequent Indian raids. | | | These people of note were born, or live(d), in the area encompassing the Gadsden Purchase. |
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http://www.gadsdenpurchase.com
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| | CHAPTER XI. BOUNDARY COMMISSION SURVEY AND GADSDEN PURCHASE. |
| | Third: This was the "Skeleton Treaty," finally agreed to, which embraced all the country ceded by Mexico to the United States under what is generally known as the "Gadsden Purchase" for which the United States were to, and did, pay the sum of $10,000,000. | | | What is known as the Gadsden Purchase, mention of which has been made, was acquired by the United States under a treaty made by the United States with the Republic of Mexico, which, together with an explanatory note, I give in full: | | | Gadsden returned from Mexico with the drafts of three treaties, either of which, if accepted by the United States, to cause the others to be of no effect. |
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http://southwest.library.arizona.edu/hav1/body.1_div.11.html
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| | Treaty that put Tucson in U.S. is 150 years old |
| | The United States defeated Mexico in a war in 1848 that established the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which was signed Feb. 2, 1848, by leaders of both countries. | | | Southern New Mexico and Arizona would still be part of Mexico, and the United States might be only 48 states instead of 50. | | | MESILLA - Had the Gadsden Purchase not been ratified 150 years ago in Mesilla, everyone in Tucson would likely be speaking Spanish today. |
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http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/gadsden-purchase.htm
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| | Gadsden Purchase |
| | A transcontinental railroad would open the rest of the United States to trade with the Far East. | | | This disputed land became known as the Mesilla Strip, and in 1853, President Franklin Pierce appointed James Gadsden to purchase this land and more, if Mexico was agreeable. | | | Article II released the American government form its obligation to pay Mexican citizens for any damages from "American Indians", originally established in Article XI of the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty. |
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http://www.epcc.edu/ftp/Homes/monicaw/borderlands/18_gadsden.htm
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| | Canku Ota - February 7, 2004 - Treaty separated O'odham |
| | Without the Gadsden Purchase, all the nation's lands would have been in Mexico and vulnerable. | | | Ignored in the negotiations of the Gadsden Purchase were the people who had lived here longest - the Tohono O'odham. | | | Emory assured the delegation and put it in writing that the O'odham would have the same land rights afforded to them by Mexico. |
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http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues04/Co02072004/CO_02072004_OodhamTreaty.htm
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| | Southern New Mexico Travel and Tourism Information: Anthony, New Mexico/Texas — leap year capital of the ... |
| | Thus, those in these villages who had lived in Mexico, although they had not moved, suddenly lived in the United States of America, in what is now New Mexico. | | | Known as El Refugio and Los Amoles, it was in Mexico until 1854, the year the Gadsden Purchase was ratified, then became part of the United States. | | | Residents had been given the choice, following the Hidalgo Treaty, of living in Mexico or the U.S. However, these events in history took that choice out of their hands, and the Gadsden Purchase set new international boundaries. |
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http://southernnewmexico.com/Articles/Southwest/Dona_Ana/Anthony/AnthonySanMiguelLaMesaCha.html
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| | Gadsden County Courthouse |
| | Early settlers continued to attend court in Tallahassee. | | | He is perhaps better known for his later Gadsden Purchase, acquiring portions of modern Arizona from the Mexican government. | | | Gadsden County was created in 1823 and the county seat established two years later at Quincy. |
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http://www.jud10.org/Courthouses/Gadsden/gadsden.html
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| | Gadsden Depot |
| | Most importantly, commerce is supported by a responsive, aggressively pro-business, "no red tape" city government. | | | This group of warehouses is home to various users. | | | The City is named for Colonel James Gadsden, who negotiated the "Gadsden Purchase", which annexed land from Mexico to form a vast part of today's southwestern United States. |
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http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/gadsden.htm
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| | Gadsden Purchase |
| | The treaty was consummated by the raising of the United States flag in the Mesilla Plaza by Fort Fillmore troops. | | | In 1853, the United States negotiated with Mexico to resolve the boundary dispute which resulted at the termination of the Mexican War and to purchase the land in question. | | | A settlement was made between the two countries known as the Gadsden Purchase, but diplomatic tension followed. |
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http://www.oldmesilla.org/html/gadsden_purchase.html
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| | Introduction to Arizona - The United States of America |
| | The Gadsden Purchase formalized the deal, providing Mexico with $10,000,000, the United States with 45,535 square miles of land and a clarified the U.S./Mexico boundary. | | | The Gadsden Purchase also provided James Gadsden with a route for his transcontinental railroad. | | | Pimeria was in reference to the land of the Pima Indians of the region. |
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http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/az_intro.htm
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| | Exploring Florida Gadsden County Maps |
| | Quincy was named after John Quincy Adams, who was then Secretary of State and later became sixth President of the United States. | | | He later (1853) gained national fame for negotiating a large amount of land from Mexico in what became known as the Gadsden purchase. | | | It gains its name from James Gadsden (1788-1858), an aide-de-camp to General Andrew Jackson during his 1818 campaign in Florida. |
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http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/maps/county/gadsden/gadsden.htm
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| | Expansion |
| | Gadsden Times was found by former Confederate officers Leonidas W. Grant and T.J. Cox. | | | In 1853, President Franklin Pierce appointed him Minister to Mexico with which country he called the Gadsden Purchase which includes portions of the present states of New Mexico and Arizona. | | | James Gadsden negotiated the Gadsden Purchase that bought a large tract of land in the southern of New Mexico from the Mexican government. |
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http://www.harlingen.isd.tenet.edu/coakhist/expan.html
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| | FHSU history professor is chosen to write entry about Gadsden's Purchase |
| | Caulfield was chosen by the editor, Paul S. Boyer, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for his nationally known scholarship on Mexico. | | | "The Gadsden Purchase," a topic that is one of Caulfield's specialties, is about a controversial, narrow strip of land transferred to the United States from Mexico in 1854. | | | HAYS, KS -- Fort Hays State University's Dr. Norman Caulfield, professor of history, has been chosen to write an entry titled "The Gadsden Purchase" in The Oxford Companion to United States History. |
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http://www.fhsu.edu/currentevents/archives/historypro.html
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| | Today in History: December 30 |
| | U.S. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis had sent Gadsden to negotiate with Santa Anna for this tract of land which many people, including Davis, believed to be strategic for the construction of the southern transcontinental railroad. | | | Many supporters of a southern Pacific railroad route came to believe that a transcontinental route which stretched through the Gadsden Purchase territory would greatly advantage southern states should hostilities break out with the north. | | | Search on the term Jefferson Davis and railroad in the Transportation and Communication section of Map Collections (1500-Present) to see a number of maps which were ordered by the Secretary of War. |
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http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/today/dec30.html
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| | iUniverse Online Book Store: New Books, Back-In-Print Books, Self-Published Books |
| | This thoroughly researched and documented book details the controversial 1854 Gadsden Purchase of Southern Arizona and New Mexico and track laying across it 25 years later. | | | At the conclusion of the Mexican American War two years later, the United States obtained 600,000 square miles of new territory, but not enough to accommodate the southern route. | | | Gadsden’s negotiations to acquire more Mexican land were complicated by several factors, including dubious instructions from a secret messenger. |
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http://www.iuniverse.com/bookstore/book_detail.asp?isbn=0595329136
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| | Anglo-American Trails |
| | This treaty brought United States control to an area which included what was to become Cochise County, although at this point it was still part of the large area known as the New Mexico Territory. | | | Soon after the signing of the Gadsden Purchase, the federal government sent out Lieutenant John G. Parke to survey the lands east of Tucson and south of the Gila River. | | | Soon after the Gadsden Purchase the territorial legislature had begun petitioning the U.S. Congress to divide the huge expanse along an east-west line. |
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http://www.discoverseaz.com/History/Anglo1.html
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| | Gadsden Purchase |
| | This was only five years after the end of the Mexican War and the delivery of the Mexican Cession. | | | James Gadsden was the U.S. Minister to Mexico and the man responsible for the deal. | | | Get a glimpse of what life was like in the exciting 1800s. |
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http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/wwww/us/gadsdenpurchasedef.htm
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| | Part VII, Chapter 80. |
| | With this purchase the territory of the United States as we know it to-day was completed. | | | This was a strip of land which now forms the south of New Mexico and Arizona. | | | It was bought from Mexico in 1854 and, as James Gadsden arranged the treaty with the President of Mexico, it was called the Gadsden Purchase. |
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http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/marshall/country/country-VII-80.html
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| | The Plaza n Mesilla New Mexico |
| | Another less colorful event that occurred was a political riot in 1871 where Republicans and Democrats met after simultaneous political rallies on the west side of the Plaza. | | | Perhaps the most significant event to occur on the Plaza included the consummation of the Gadsden Purchase by the raising of the United States flag in the Plaza by troops from Ft. Fillmore in 1853. | | | Many of the adobe buildings built during that era remain today. |
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http://www.oldmesilla.org/html/the_plaza.html
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| | This Day in History |
| | Jefferson Davis, the U.S. secretary of war under President Franklin Pierce, had sent Gadsden to negotiate with Santa Anna for the land, which was deemed by a group of political and industrial leaders to be a highly strategic location for the construction of the southern transcontinental railroad. | | | The treaty settled the dispute over the location of the Mexican border west of El Paso, Texas, and established the final boundaries of the southern United States. | | | For the price of $15 million, later reduced to $10 million, the United States acquired approximately 30,000 square miles of land in what is now southern New Mexico and Arizona. |
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http://www.historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=general&month=10272964&day=10272995
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| | James Gadsden |
| | Gadsden Purchase - Gadsden Purchase, strip of land purchased (1853) by the United States from Mexico. | | | G - I - Franz Xaver Gabelsberger James Gadsden Lyman Judson Gage James Galanos John Kenneth Galbraith... | | | Gadsden injures ligament; could lose roster spot if serious. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0819974.html
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| | The Border 1853 Gadsden Purchase |
| | Under the purchase, the United States paid $10 million for approximately 30,000 square miles that runs south of the Gila River, extends east to El Paso and west to California. | | | The purchase -- which included the town of Tucson, in Arizona -- was a major step in resolving an outstanding Mexican American border issue. | | | In order to do so, Pierce and the American minister to Mexico, James Gadsden, orchestrated the Gadsden Purchase. |
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http://www.pbs.org/kpbs/theborder/history/timeline/8.html
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| | www.azstarnet.com |
| | 1845-54: With the Gadsden Purchase in 1854, the U.S.-Mexico border was redrawn and O'odham lands were split between countries. |
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http://www.azstarnet.com/tohono/nationmaps.html
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| | California, the Railroads, and the Gadsden Purchase |
| | This land sale, known as the Gadsden Purchase, gave the United States possession of the Mesilla Valley south of the Gila River, an area of nearly 30,000 square miles. | | | You can get new and used United States history textbooks at | | | President Frankin Pierce, who was grieving over the recent loss of a son, turned frequently to advisors, especially to Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. |
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http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h82.html
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| | Desert Diary, 3 June 2004: Gadsden Purchase |
| | His instructions, apparently designed by Gadsden himself, were to buy enough land from Mexico to clear the way for the railroad project. | | | Thanks to James Gadsden's friendship with Jefferson Davis, the U.S. Secretary of War, Gadsden was named Minister to Mexico. | | | For $10,000,000, the U.S. would get over 45,000 square miles of land—land making up what is now southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona. |
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http://museum.utep.edu/archive/history/DDgadsden.htm
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| | Berino, New Mexico, Chamberino and Gadsden Purchase |
| | That's what happened to residents of Chamberino in 1853 when the Gadsden Purchase resulted in moving the border between the United States and Mexico south for the second time. | | | Seldom do villagers, without moving, find they must change their addresses and also the country they live in! | | | The eastern part of the Gadsden Purchase included the Mesilla Valley on either side of the Rio Grande River, where Berino and Chamberino were located. |
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http://www.huntel.com/~artpike/berino4.htm
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| | RCC/And the Prosecution Calls "York County, Maine" |
| | While Hoover’s move did slow the proliferation of commemoratives, its impact was short-lived, and by the early 1930s it seemed that commemorative coins were being sought by nearly every group marking an historical anniversary -- no matter how minor or local in nature. | | | In the letter accompanying his veto, Hoover explained that while the Gadsden Purchase was certainly an important milestone in our nation’s development, he needed to draw the line on the growing number of commemorative coinage authorizations and had decided to do it with the Gadsden Purchase bill. | | | One of the earliest attempts to stem the on rushing commemorative tide was made by President Herbert Hoover in 1928. |
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http://www.raleighcoinclub.org/articles/1998/york.html
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| | American President |
| | The purchase establishes the final boundaries of the United States and, by providing a strip of land to the Pacific Ocean, will be used a route for the Southern Pacific Railroad. | | | At the cost of $15 million, the United States acquires 29,644 square miles of new territory in Southwest Arizona and New Mexico. | | | The Gadsden Purchase, negotiated by James Gadsden, U.S. minister to Mexico, is signed. |
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http://www.americanpresident.org/history/franklinpierce/keyevents/gadsdenpurchasearticle/email.html
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| | The Gadsden Purchase |
| | So, for $10M, we bought some strip of land (Actually, James Gadsden did the bargaining, hence the subsection name) (a 45K-sq-mile strip, actually), establishing current continuous states' borders. |
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http://www.asheesh.org/APUS/ch12/node6.html
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| | Gadsden Conference Program |
| | "The Gadsden Purchase and American Diplomatic History" Abstract | | | "Fictitious Capital and Fictitious Landscapes: Land Fraud and Dispossession in Southern Arizona Following the Gadsden Purchase" Abstract | | | Keynote Address: "The Impact of U.S. Expansionism and the Mesilla Treaty in Mexican Politics" (SPANISH) |
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http://www.u.arizona.edu/~mrankin/gadsdenprogram.html
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| | The Kansas and Nebraska Territories (Memory): American Treasures of the Library of Congress |
| | Not only are several proposed transcontinental routes boldly marked across the Great Plains, but two insets show the results of the 1854 Gadsden Purchase that finalized the boundaries of the conterminous United States. | | | Like early maps of discovery, empty spaces are filled pictures--not of sea monsters but indigenous wildlife and Native Americans who populated the area. | | | Focusing on the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska established by Congress in 1854, this commercially published map also reflects U.S. interest in western expansion and the construction of a transcontinental railroad. |
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http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm198.html
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| | Gadsden Purchase |
| | American folk singer and composer of numerous songs about hardship and social injustice, including “This Land Is Your Land” (1940). | | | In 1853, James Gadsden, U.S. Minister to Mexico, engineered the purchase of over 29.000 square miles of Mexican territory south of the Gila River. |
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http://www.hoover.k12.al.us/hhs/SocialStudies/twilhite/HWAssist/Glossary/glossary-g.htm
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| | Gadsden Purchase |
| | In US history, the purchase of approximately 77,700 sq km/30,000 sq mi in what is now New Mexico and Arizona by the USA in 1853. | | | The land was bought from Mexico for $10 million in a treaty, negotiated by James Gadsden (1788–1858) of South Carolina, to construct a transcontinental railway route, the Southern Pacific, completed in the 1880s. | | | Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0022811.html
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| | Gadsden Mortgage Services specializes in Home Mortgages and Refinance in Gadsden |
| | These are just a few benefits from refinancing and taking advantage of the record breaking low interest rates. | | | Beat other buyers to new listings by receiving email updates as soon as new homes are offered for sale by using our Dream Home Finder. | | | Let our guide help you determine which type of purchase loan is perfect for you. |
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http://www.gadsdenmortgage.com
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| | Gadsden Purchase |
| | km), now contained in New Mexico and Arizona, purchased for $10,000,000 from Mexico in 1853, the treaty being negotiated by James Gadsden. |
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http://www.factmonster.com/ipd/A0452295.html
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