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| | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578– February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, reigned 1620-1637. | | | Ferdinand's staunch Catholicism led to infringements on the religious freedoms of non-Catholics. | | | With his forces scoring important victories against the Protestants, Ferdinand crowned his religious policies by issuing his Edict of Restitution (1629), which was designed to restore all ecclesiastical properties which had been secularized since 1552. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
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| | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578– February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, reigned 1620-1637. | | | Ferdinand's staunch Catholicism led to infringements on the religious freedoms of non-Catholics. | | | With his forces scoring important victories against the Protestants, Ferdinand crowned his religious policies by issuing his Edict of Restitution (1629), which was designed to restore all ecclesiastical properties which had been secularized since 1552. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
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| | Thirty Years' War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | At the negotiations were Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, the French, the Spanish, the Dutch, the Swiss, the Swedes, the Portuguese and representatives of the Pope. | | | Ferdinand, who became King of Bohemia and Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, was a staunch Catholic who had been educated by the Jesuits and who wanted to restore Catholicism. | | | Ferdinand II's suspicions of Wallenstein flared up again in 1633, when Wallenstein attempted to arbitrate the differences between the Catholic and Protestant sides. |
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http://www.marylandheights.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Thirty_Years'_War
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| | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | In the same year Ferdinand married Anna, daughter of Uladislaus II, king of Hungary and Bohemia, in fulfillment of a treaty (1515) between his grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Uladislaus II. | | | In Germany, Ferdinand increasingly acted as agent of Charles V, who in 1531 had him elected king of the Romans, which insured Ferdinand’s succession as Holy Roman emperor. | | | 1503–64, Holy Roman emperor (1558–64), king of Bohemia (1526–64) and of Hungary (1526–64), younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/fe/Ferdi1HRE.html
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| | Karl V (1500-1558) |
| | Holy Roman emperor (1519–56), king of Spain (as Charles I, 1516–56), and archduke of Austria (as Charles I, 1519–21), who inherited a Spanish and Habsburg empire extending across Europe from Spain and the Netherlands to Austria and the Kingdom of Naples and reaching overseas to Spanish America. | | | Charles was the son of Philip I the Handsome, king of Castile, and Joan the Mad, and the grandson of Emperor Maximilian I. and Mary of Burgundy, as well as of the “Catholic Kings” Isabella I the Catholic, of Castile, and Ferdinand II the Catholic, of Aragon. | | | In a battle that decided the whole campaign and placed his archenemies at his mercy, the Emperor (who had been attacked by the German princes the previous September) defeated the Protestants at Mühlberg in April 1547. |
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http://www.hfac.uh.edu/gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/EmperorKarl-V/EmperorKarl-V.html
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Emperor Charles V |
| | Ferdinand insisted that the authority of princes in the empire, as settled be the agreement of Passan, should be legally recognized by a decree of the Diet, and the equality of the Catholic and Lutheran religions accepted. | | | An agreement was reached as to how the estates of the realm should share in its government, according to a scheme called the Reichsregiment—how the expenses of the imperial chamber etc. were to be met and how the estates were to furnish the emperor military assistance in war. | | | In North Africa, also, and in Italy, where the Turks, the French, and some Italian States were attacking the emperor, matters became critical. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03625a.htm
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| | The Holy Roman Empire |
| | The emperors were unable to restrain the German nobles or to resist French encroachments on the western frontiers of the empire, and the Slavic rulers in the east rejected all imperial overlordship. | | | The churchmen who crowned the emperors, and thus actually sustained the Empire, considered it to be the church's secular arm, sharing responsibility for the welfare and spread of the Christian faith and duty-bound to protect the Papacy. | | | Frequent fluctuations in the actual power and vitality of each individual as well as changes in the prevailing political and theological theories gave a fluid, dynamic quality to the empire's history. |
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http://www.serendipity.li/twz/hre.html
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| | August 28: Ferdinand II becomes Holy Roman Emperor |
| | The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. | | | They must be dependent on the emperor, not the emperor on them." However, Ferdinand needed the electors' votes if his son, Ferdinand III, was to be made King of Rome, a step that would put him in line to become the next emperor. | | | Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counterreformation: Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, S.J., and the formation of imperial policy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, c1981). |
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http://www.gospelcom.net/chi/DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-28-2002.shtml
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| | August 28: Ferdinand II becomes Holy Roman Emperor |
| | The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. | | | They must be dependent on the emperor, not the emperor on them." However, Ferdinand needed the electors' votes if his son, Ferdinand III, was to be made King of Rome, a step that would put him in line to become the next emperor. | | | Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counterreformation: Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, S.J., and the formation of imperial policy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, c1981). |
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http://www.gospelcom.net/chi/DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-28-2002.shtml
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| | Ferdinand |
| | Ferdinand II of Naples - 1469-1496; became king 1495. | | | Ferdinand III of Naples - see Ferdinand II of Aragon. | | | Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies- 1810-1859; became king 1830. |
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http://www.fastload.org/fe/Ferdinand.html
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| | Ferdinand |
| | Ferdinand I of Austria- 1793-1875; became emperor 1835. | | | Ferdinand II of Naples - 1469-1496; became king 1495. | | | Ferdinand III of Naples - see Ferdinand II of Aragon. |
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http://www.ukpedia.com/f/ferdinand.html
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| | Encyclopedia: Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor |
| | Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (Vienna, May 5, 1747 – Vienna, March 1, 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand-duke of Tuscany. | | | Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II Joseph II (March 13, 1741 â February 20, 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790. | | | The overweening character of the Emperor was obvious to Frederick II of Germany, who, after their first interview in 1769, described him as ambitious, and as capable of setting the world on fire. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Joseph-II,-Holy-Roman-Emperor
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| | Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Ferdinand, who had already been crowned king of Hungary (1617) and of Bohemia (1618), succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman emperor. | | | His conciliatory policies were opposed by the more intransigent Catholic Hapsburgs, particularly Matthias's brother Archduke Maximilian, who hoped to secure the succession for the inflexible Catholic archduke Ferdinand (later Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II). | | | After Matthias's accession as Holy Roman emperor, his policy was dominated by Klesl, who hoped to bring about a compromise between Catholic and Protestant states within the empire in order to strengthen it. |
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http://pineville.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Mathias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
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| | Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor |
| | Leopold II (1747-1792), Roman emperor, and grand-duke of Tuscany, son of the empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, was born in Vienna on May 5, 1747. | | | Thus the revolution was accomplished without a drop of blood being shed, and after a period of provisional government Tuscany was incorporated in the kingdom of Italy. | | | He was a third son, and was at first educated for the priesthood, but the theological studies to which he was forced to apply himself are believed to have influenced his mind in a way unfavourable to the Church. |
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http://www.encyclopedian.com/em/Emperor-Leopold-II.html
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| | Caspar Schoppe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In about 1607, Schoppe entered the service of Ferdinand, archduke of Styria, afterwards Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, who found him very useful in rebutting the arguments of the Protestants, and who sent him on several diplomatic errands. | | | Having converted to Roman Catholicism in about 1599, he obtained the favour of Pope Clement VIII, and distinguished himself by the virulence of his writings against the Protestants. | | | According to Pierre Bayle, he was almost killed by some Englishmen at Madrid in 1614, and again fearing for his life he left Germany for Italy in 1617, afterwards taking part in an attack upon the Jesuits. |
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http://www.secaucus.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Caspar_Schoppe
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| | Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | He was: the Holy Roman emperor, duke of Austria, duke of Milan, ruler of Franche-Comte; grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella on his mother's side and thus king of Spain; king of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia, and ruler of all the Spanish possessions in the New World | | | He was king from 1516 to 1556 (in principle, he was from 1516 king of Aragon and from 1516 guardian of his insane mother, queen of Castile who died 1555, and the co-king of Castile 1516-55, full king 1555-56), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556. | | | 1524 to 1526 saw the Peasants' Revolt in Germany and the formation of the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, and Charles delegated increasing responsibility for Germany to his brother Ferdinand while he concentrated on problems abroad. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Spain
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| | Tuscany Accommodations - SweeTuscany ©: accommodations in Tuscany : hotels in Florence and Chianti campings lodgings farm holidays bed and breakfast |
| | Cosimo II's wife, Maria Magdalena, was the sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. | | | Under Ferdinand II, his son, Cosimo III (1642-1723), and his grandson, Gian-Gastone (1671-1737), the city country slipped into insignificance. | | | Ferdinand II During the outbreak of the plague, in 1630, Ferdinand distinguished himself, but he was not a strong ruler and was unable to protect Galileo from the in 1633. |
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http://www.sweetuscany.com/tuscany_resorts/versilia_tuscany_Farm_Holidays.htm
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| | Peace of Westphalia |
| | The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken, and the rulers of the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands. | | | Another important result of the treaty was it laid rest to the idea of the Holy Roman Empire having secular dominion over the entire Christian world. | | | The nation-state would be the highest level of government, subservient to no others. |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/p/pe/peace_of_westphalia.html
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| | Ferdinand III -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Holy Roman emperor who headed the so-called peace party at the Habsburg imperial court during the Thirty Years' War and ended that war in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. | | | Ferdinand was the son of Alfonso IX of Leon and Berenguela, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile. | | | also called Saint Ferdinand, Spanish San Fernando king of Castile from 1217 to 1252 and of Leon from 1230 to 1252 and conqueror of the Muslim cities of Córdoba (1236), Jaén (1246), and Sevilla (1248). |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=34625
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| | Rudolph II, Ferdinand IV and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperors: |
| | Ferdinand IV, the son of Ferdinand III, was Holy Roman emperor 1633-54. | | | Joseph I (1678-1711), the son on Leopold I, was Holy Roman emperor 1705-11. | | | Notes: Rudolph II (1552-1612), the son of Maximilian II, was Holy Roman emperor 1576-1612. |
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http://www.christophereimer.co.uk/single/7813.html
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| | 1608 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | July 13 - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1657) | | | March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia | | | July 14 - George Goring, Lord Goring, English Royalist soldier (died 1657) |
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http://www.pineville.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/1608
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| | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II from the house of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. | | | Ferdinand married three times, first to his cousin, the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, by whom he had two surviving sons: Ferdinand IV, his eldest, who predeceased him, and Leopold, who ultimately succeeded him. | | | During the last dreadful period of the war, in 1644 Ferdinand III gave to all rulers of German states the right to conduct their own foreign policy (ius belli ac pacis). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
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| | Ferdinand V and Isabella I |
| | called The Catholic (1452-1516), King of Castile (1474-1504); as Ferdinand II he was also King of Sicily (1468-1516) and of Aragón (1479-1516); as Ferdinand III, King of Naples (1504-1516). | | | Ferdinand had hoped by this alliance to obtain the Castilian crown for himself, but his high-spirited and politically astute wife firmly retained sovereign authority in her own realm. | | | In 1469 Princess Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragón, known also as Ferdinand V, The Catholic, and on the death of her brother, Henry IV, Isabella and Ferdinand jointly succeeded (1474) to the throne of Castile and León. |
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http://www.sonhex.dk/fandi.htm
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| | Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor: Information From Answers.com |
| | Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (Vienna, May 5, 1747 – Vienna, March 1, 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand-duke of Tuscany. | | | If Leopold's reign as emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia had been prolonged during years of peace, it is probable that he would have repeated his successes as a reforming ruler in Tuscany on a far larger scale. | | | When Louis XVI swore to observe the constitution of September 1791, the emperor professed to think that a settlement had been reached in France. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/leopold-ii-holy-roman-emperor
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| | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Ferdinand was the younger brother of Charles who became the Emperor, and was instead given control of the Habsburg Hereditary Lands (roughly modern-day Austria and Slovenia). | | | Each was supported by a certain amount of the nobility from the Hungarian kingdom, while Ferdinand also had the support of his brother Charles. | | | Charles also agreed to exclude his son Philip from the German succession, which instead passed to Ferdinand's eldest son Maximilian (1527–1576). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Ferdinand_I
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