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| | Richard Kennaway's Constructed Languages List |
 | | Fergiartisch is a language spoken on the continent of Fergiartu. | | | Atlantean is the language of Atlantis in Disney's animated film "Atlantis: The Lost Empire". | | | Gevey is spoken on the continent of Ewlah on the planet Kallieda, colonised by humans some thousands of years ago and cut off from human civilisation for most of that time. |
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http://www.sys.uea.ac.uk/~jrk/conlang.html
(10527 words)
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| | Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe |
| | The exclusion of such languages from this report is not intended to imply any bias whatsoever against such “immigrant” languages or their speakers. | | | Most languages have no official institutions, but are described in dictionaries, educational materials, scholarly linguistic texts, and other kinds of documents. | | | The Alphabets of Europe could not have been compiled without the input of many, many people, and the difficult nature of the material presented here begs for explicit acknowledgement of the abundant expertise which has been contributed. |
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http://www.evertype.com/alphabets
(3504 words)
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| | Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It should be noted that the grouping does not imply a claim of monophyly: there never was a "proto-Centum" or a "proto-Satem", but the sound changes spread by areal contact among already distinct post-PIE languages (say, during the 3rd millennium BC). | | | Further subfamilies have been suggested, among them Italo-Celtic and Graeco-Aryan. | | | Balto-Slavic languages, believed by many Indo-Europeanists to derive from a common proto-language later than Proto-Indo-European, while others are skeptical and think that Baltic and Slavic are no more closely related than any other two branches of Indo-European. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages
(1874 words)
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| | European Languages |
| | The Germanic languages are spoken on every continent by about 450 million people. | | | And if you don't feel comfortable using Paypal, please e-mail me at nadjezhdavsigda [at] yahoo.com for a mailing address. | | | There are other extinct languages related to the above languages as well, such as Gothic of the East Germanic group, Old Prussian of the Baltic group, and Manx Gaelic of the Goidelic group. |
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http://www.ielanguages.com/eurolang.html
(1517 words)
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| | "Knowing" Words in Indo-European Languages |
| | Iazyges were settled in Britain by Marcus Aurelius, and Alans spread across Gaul and Spain after crossing the Rhine in 407 AD. | | | My Indo-European lingustics professor at UCLA said once that you can get a sort of "instant Proto-Indo-European" by combining Greek vowels and Sanskrit consonants. | | | Even though the Vedas could be written down after 800 BC, they have always been taught and remembered orally, and have always been thought of as essentially sound -- in contrast to Jewish beliefs about the Tôrah and Moslem beliefs about the Qur'ân, that they were essentially written. |
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http://www.friesian.com/cognates.htm
(2865 words)
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| | Languages : Indo-European Family |
| | Kurdish is spoken in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq by the Kurds. | | | Ladino was the language spoken by Spain's Jewish population when they were expelled in 1492. | | | Avestan is the extinct language of the Zoroastrian religion. |
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http://www.krysstal.com/langfams_indoeuro.html
(1875 words)
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| | Indo-European and the Comparative Method |
| | [Catalogs real and alleged sound changes in IE families and languages. | | | Okay, in 1786 Sir William Jones announced to the Asiatick Society of Calcutta that Sanskrit had to be related to Greek and Latin, touching off what would come to be known as the Neogrammarian move from philology (the comparison of texts) to what we now consider linguistics. | | | [Evidence from the various IE languages bearing on Saussure's laryngal theory cited above. |
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http://www.utexas.edu/depts/classics/documents/PIE.html
(767 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | One can suggest that for instance (M. Fraser pers. | | | The purpose of the paper has been to advocate and discuss a fairly speculative hypothesis (that climate change promoted spread of IE languages by causing changes in population density of hunter-gatherer groups) which may be difficult or impossible to test. | | | The actual range that the Indo-European family of languages had achieved by early historical times is uncertain, but they were certainly present in central and northern Europe, southeastern Europe, Anatolia and parts of the Near and Middle East. |
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http://www.esd.ornl.gov/projects/qen/Indo2.html
(3721 words)
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| | Indo-European Languages |
| | And if you don't feel comfortable using Paypal, please e-mail me at nadjezhdavsigda [at] yahoo.com for a mailing address. | | | But there are many, many more languages for which I would love to write tutorials in the future and other great people have been writing tutorials for languages too, such as the Portuguese, Icelandic, Faroese, Welsh, Ukrainian, Russian, Finnish, and Indonesian tutorials. | | | There are also comparative pages of the European, Romance and Germanic languages, suggestions for learning foreign languages, and translation and discussion message boards. |
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http://www.ielanguages.com
(436 words)
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| | IndoEuropean Languages |
| | Also, Yiddish is considered to be a member of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. | | | Other theories have held that they originated in the highlands of eastern Anatolia, or that they were but one of a long series of nomadic horsemen-conquerors from what are now the steppes of the Ukraine, essentially the forerunners of the Huns and the Avars. | | | Language or branch names which appear as a link constitute a link to a further page or resource on that particular branch or language, whether here or in another site. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/8466/LANG01.html
(515 words)
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| | EUROPA - Education and Training - Languages in Europe |
| | While it is the mother tongue for 16% of the European population, a further 31% of the EU citizens speak it well enough to hold a conversation. | | | A further factor to be taken into account is the significant place of Russian in some of the new member states. | | | When asked what two languages they find the most useful besides their mother tongue, most of the respondents (69%) answered English, with 37% answering French and 26% answering German. |
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http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/policies/lang/languages/index_en.html
(1202 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Indo European languages |
| | Turkish is a Turkic (A subfamily of Altaic languages) language, and Maltese is largely derived from Arabic (The Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects). | | | Celtic Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, both those spoken by the ancient Celts, and those used by their modern descendants, the Gaels, Welsh, Cornish and Bretons. | | | Baltic The Baltic languages are a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European language family and spoken mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Indo_European-languages
(284 words)
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| | European Languages |
| | A number of those grants are set aside for language students. | | | The European Union is the largest trading unit in the world and has a greater economic potential than any other domestic market. | | | At Macquarie University, the aim of the units of study is to develop proficiency in a European language and to provide an understanding of the society and culture of the countries where it is spoken. |
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http://www.eurolang.mq.edu.au/intro.htm
(910 words)
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| | European Day of Languages 2006 |
| | Under the guidance and stewardship of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL), 2005 will be celebrated as The Year of Languages in the United States. | | | The goal of The Year of Languages (YOL) celebration is to advance the concept that every citizen of the United States should develop proficiency not only in English, but in other languages as well. | | | This is an opportunity to focus America's attention on the academic, social and economic benefits of studying other languages and cultures from around the world. |
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http://www.ecml.at/edl?l=E
(658 words)
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| | EUROPA - Education and Training - EUROPA - Education and training: languages |
| | The language a person speaks is part of their identity and their culture. | | | The Commission also funded 199 European Year of Languages projects across the EU. | | | The projects covered regional, minority and sign languages and languages from outside Europe, as well as those with official status at EU or national level. |
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http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/policies/lang/languages_en.html
(454 words)
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| | Indo-European Languages—Satem Branch |
| | Languages marked with a dagger (†) are extinct. | | | Click on any language block to view a map of where the language is or was spoken. | | | Major language groups are listed in alphabetical order. |
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http://www.danshort.com/ie/iesatem_c.shtml
(65 words)
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| | Ethnologue, Languages of the World |
| | Books about languages and cultures of the world for education, research, and reference. | | | This web edition of the Ethnologue contains all the content of the print edition and may be cited as: | | | Over 12,000 citations spanning 70 years of SIL International's language research in over 1,000 languages. |
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http://www.ethnologue.com
(74 words)
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| | The Eclectorium: Indo-European Resources |
| | The *Mimung Society - UT's IE language and culture group | | | The following peoples all lived on the edge of what has traditionally been the world of the Indo-Europeans. | | | Lots of details about individual IE language families and languages: who and where they are spoken, and a little history too. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/tx/eclectorium/indoeuro.html
(645 words)
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| | Online Dictionary, Language Guide, Foreign Language and Etymology - AllWords.com |
| | A Translating and interpretation agency for European languages and cultures. | | | It is a founding member of the International Federation of Translators and a founding member of CEATL (the European Council of Associations of Literary Translators). | | | You can view their site in English, Russian, Chinese, German, and French. |
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http://www.allwords.com/Translation_Services_European_Languages.php
(560 words)
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| | A Note On The Classification Of Indo-European Languages |
| | The epoch when the ancestors of Russian-speakers and English-speakers were one people must be very remote. | | | I have studied languages for years and traveled extensively on five continents. | | | The Indo-European languages consist of two major subgroups, called Centum and Satem, each of which is further subdivided into smaller families of languages. |
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http://www.useless-knowledge.com/1234/june/article213.html
(624 words)
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| | Indo-European |
| | Hindu grammarians had systematically classified the formative elements of their ancient language. | | | About 1.6 billion people speak Indo-European languages today. | | | To their studies were added extensive grammatical and phonetic comparisons of European languages. |
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http://www.levity.com/mavericks/indo.htm
(552 words)
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| | INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES |
| | Jones is said to know 28 languages; he opposed slavery and the British war against the American colonies, so he was posted to a judgeship in Calcutta, perhaps as a punishment | | | Scholars had speculated in general ways about a proto-language that connected most European languages | | | Not only did Sanskrit have cognates with European languages, it had a similar inflectional system, suggesting that the inflectional systems also shared a common source. |
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http://www.cord.edu/faculty/sprunger/e315/i-e.htm
(442 words)
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| | Indo-European Languages. |
| | Most languages in Europe, the Middle-East, and India appear to descend from a common ancestral language known to scholars as "proto-Indo-European," as set forth by William Jones and his work with Sanskrit. | | | Satem is the ancient word for "one hundred" in Avestan, a language in the eastern branch of Indo-European. | | | Discussion of non-Indo-European languages can be found elsewhere on this website. |
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http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/IE_Main.html
(472 words)
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| | Indo-European Language Family |
| | Since Sir William Jones' pronouncement that similarities among languages such as Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, and Gothic were so striking as to suggest that they were sprung from a common, no-longer existing source, scholars now view relationships among such languages as established. | | | Views concerning the breakup of the initial language family into groups are often related to hypotheses about where the Homeland was. | | | There has also been much subsequent debate about the branchings or groupings of families within Indo-European. |
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http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/iedocctr/ie-lg/ie-lg.html
(331 words)
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| | Lynch, Indo-European Language Family Tree |
| | The historical phases of some languages — Old Swedish, Middle Swedish, Modern Swedish; Vedic Sanskrit, Middle Indic — have been left out. | | | The dotted line from French to Middle English suggests not direct descent, but the influx of French vocabulary in the centuries after the Norman Invasion. | | | I've made no attempt to distinguish living languages from dead ones. |
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http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/language.html
(194 words)
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| | CILT, the National Centre for Languages - European Day of Languages 2005 |
| | This year CILT ran competitions from Lonely Planet and Collins to celebrate the European Day of Languages - click here to find out if you were a winner. | | | For inspiring case studies and further information on languages and careers see the Languages Work website. | | | Find out what languages the stars speak on our celebrity linguists page or take a look at the Council of Europe picture gallery and be inspired by activities in previous years. |
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http://www.cilt.org.uk/edl
(678 words)
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| | Eurolang - Home |
| | The new proposition that they be incorporated into Galicia has created a political controversy between politicians from Asturias and Castile and the Galician nationalists, Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG), who govern Galicia in a coalition with socialists. | | | At present, the Urdd has over 51,000 members aged between eight and 25 years old, with meetings held in 995 branches. | | | In its corporate plan for 2006, Urdd Gobaith Cymru states that it aims to increase its membership by 10 per cent, concentrating mainly on the 12-15 age group. |
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http://www.eurolang.net
(393 words)
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| | VOA to End Broadcasts in 10 European Languages |
| | The Voice of America has announced it will end broadcasts in 10 languages of Eastern and Central Europe at the end of the month. | | | He says he is sad the agency must say good-bye to loyal colleagues, but that he is proud that their professionalism and dedication to freedom and truth have played an important role in spreading democracy. | | | VOA Director David Jackson says the move follows cuts by Congress in funding for the services under a Bush administration proposal. |
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http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=41D98B31-FB3A-4F84-9411C3B69E706273
(143 words)
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| | EuroWordNet:Building a multilingual database with wordnets for several European languages. |
| | Nevertheless, many other institutes and research groups are developing similar wordnets in other languages (European and non-European) using the EuroWordNet specification. | | | EuroWordNet was a European resources and development project supported by the | | | This top-ontology provides a common semantic framework for all the languages, while language specific properties are maintained in the individual wordnets. |
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http://www.illc.uva.nl/EuroWordNet
(371 words)
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| | European community programmes - European Day of Languages 2006 |
| | Grants to improve language teaching and learning qualitatively and quantitatively | | | Europe possesses a real linguistic treasure: there are more than 200 European languages, without counting the languages spoken by citizens originating from other continents. | | | Grants for the development of instruments for language learning and teaching and assessment of linguistic skills |
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http://www.welcomeurope.com/default.asp?id=1300&idnews=2556
(209 words)
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| | Indo-European Documentation Center |
| | The Indo-European Languages are divided into branches, which are traditional groupings of the languages for which texts are attested: IE (Sample) Texts. | | | Such systematic similarities, it was argued, could only have resulted if the speakers of these languages once formed a community that then broke up as groups of its speakers migrated to different places. | | | Early landmark findings concerning the regularity of correspondences are excerpted here under Lehmann's Reader, while the Journal of Indo-European Studies, among other journals, contains ongoing studies of Indo-European language and culture. |
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http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/iedocctr/ie.html
(267 words)
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| | Karelian |
| | In 1957 while being excavations the birch-bark document on Karelian was discovered in Novgorod. | | | Send to Netmaster mail for questions or comments about this Website | | | Ludic, a minor group of dialects spoken to the southeast of Karelia, is considered to be a blend of Karelian and Veps, a related Finno-Ugric language spoken to the south of Karelia. |
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http://web.quipo.it/minola/karelian/karelian.htm
(164 words)
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| | i18n: languages, countries and character sets |
| | Here is a partial list of the charsets most typically used for Web pages in various languages: | | | Languages, countries, and the charsets typically used for them | | | Note that UTF-8 can be used for all languages and is the recommended charset on the Internet. |
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http://www.w3.org/International/O-charset-lang.html
(210 words)
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| | Central & Eastern European Languages |
| | "Remember, knowing the language is the best way of understanding a country and its people,.... | | | Yes, I know that some of the pronunciation files aren't up yet, but I am endeavering to accomodate these problems as expediently as possible. | | | I seriously hope that if you start one or more of these languages, that you will continue to study them in greater detail. |
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http://www.cusd.claremont.edu/~tkroll/EastEur
(85 words)
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| | ARMENIAN HIGHLAND |
| | Ivanov is professor of linguistics and chair of the department of Slavic languages at the Institute for Slavic and Balkan Studies in Moscow. | | | Gamkrelidze and V. IVANOV are the authors of The Indo-European Language and the Indo-Europeans, a two-volume work published in Russian in 1984; an English version is published by Mouton de Gruyter. | | | The authors wish to thank Gerard Piel, chairman emeritus of Scientific American, for helping to prepare this article for publication. |
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http://www.armenianhighland.com/homeland/chronicle120.html
(94 words)
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| | The Indo-European Languages |
| | It's speculated that the so called Kurgan were the original Indo-European people; lived northwest of the Caucasus, north of the Caspian Sea, as early as the fifth millennium B.C. Their language is known by scholars as Common Indo-European or Proto-Indo-European. | | | Sir William Jones, 1786, hypothesis that most European languages and others (in India, parts of the Middle East, and Asia) are cognates (are related, as a family, by common origins) | | | One of the oldest records of a Germanic language is a runic inscription identifying the workman who made a horn about A.D. Transliterated it reads as follows: |
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http://mockingbird.creighton.edu/english/fajardo/teaching/eng520/indoeur.htm
(985 words)
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| | European minority languages |
| | Education in Hungarian Language in Rumania - Memorandum from the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania | | | Macedonian Profile by the Language Materials Project at UCLA | | | Tree of Germanic languages - by George Freeman |
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http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/saoghal/mion-chanain/en
(1455 words)
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