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| | Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe |
 | | The exclusion of such languages from this report is not intended to imply any bias whatsoever against such “immigrant” languages or their speakers. | | | Most languages have no official institutions, but are described in dictionaries, educational materials, scholarly linguistic texts, and other kinds of documents. | | | The Alphabets of Europe could not have been compiled without the input of many, many people, and the difficult nature of the material presented here begs for explicit acknowledgement of the abundant expertise which has been contributed. |
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http://www.evertype.com/alphabets
(3504 words)
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| | Eskimos |
| | Eskimos' Pringle previews end of a long run (The Toronto Star) | | | Erikson, Eskimos, and Columbus: Medieval European Knowledge of America.(Book Review) (Scandinavian Studies) | | | Eskimos consider themselves to be “Inuit” (The People). |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0002155.html
(395 words)
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| | Stephenson:Neal:Snow Crash:Raven - Metaweb |
| | It seems to have been introduced during the immigration across the Bering Land Bridge, a wide section of exposed seabed that connected Asia and North America during the last Ice Age. | | | The Aleut Restitution Act of 1988 was an attempt by United States Congress to compensate the survivors. | | | The Aleuts (self-denomination: Unangan) are the indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of WikiPedia:Alaska. |
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http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Raven
(1524 words)
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| | Aleut - Columbia Encyclopedia® article about Aleut |
| | Kerick Booterin turned nearly white under his oil and smoke, for he was an Aleut, and Aleuts are not clean people. | | | Their language is a member of the Eskimo-Aleut family. | | | Like the Eskimo Eskimo (ĕs`kəmō), a general term used to refer to a number of groups inhabiting the coastline from the Bering Sea to Greenland and the Chukchi Peninsula in NE Siberia. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Aleut
(273 words)
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| | Open Directory - Science:Social Sciences:Linguistics:Languages:Natural |
| | Beginning from the late Middle Ages there were attempts to use the Arab script for writing in a number of Caucasian languages. | | | This became the theory of Indo-European languages, and today the hypothetical language that would be the common source for all Indo-European languages is called Proto-Indo-European. | | | These languages are found primarily ont he island of New Guinea, but also on neighboring islands in Indonesia and the Solomon Islands. |
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http://dmoz.org/Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/desc.html
(1874 words)
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| | Native American Languages |
| | Although some mainstream Americanists find this proposal intriguing, they have criticized Greenberg's research for its methodology and data, and the theory is not widely accepted. | | | Perhaps 300 languages were spoken in Canada and the United States when the first Europeans arrived, and about 200 are still spoken by some 300,000 people. | | | This phylum is the only American language family to have an accepted connection with a non-American language group. |
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http://www.indians.org/welker/americas.htm
(1965 words)
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| | yourDictionary.com • North American Languages: Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Cherokee, Dakota, Ojibwe, Mohawk, Seneca |
| | Vocabulary of the Wyandot (Huron) Language by Col. John Johnson (1838) | | | yourDictionary.com • North American Languages: Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Cherokee, Dakota, Ojibwe, Mohawk, Seneca | | | Register to win a FREE travel electronic language dictionary. |
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http://www.yourdictionary.com/languages/north.html
(136 words)
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| | AllRefer.com - Eskimo-Aleut (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia |
| | Aleut is the language of a few thousand people, and Eskimo is native to over 100,000 people. | | | Phonetically, there are three main vowels in Eskimo, and from 13 to 20 consonants, the number varying according to the dialect. | | | Eskimo and Aleut have enough similarities to justify the theory that they are descendants of a single ancestor language. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/E/EskimoAl.html
(359 words)
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| | iahessay |
| | Language is the aid humans use to express how they view the external world in its entirety. | | | Eskimos are people who live in the Arctic. | | | This theory deals specifically with spoken and written language. |
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http://www.msu.edu/~joneslar/iahessay.htm
(1150 words)
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| | Vowels (from Eskimo-Aleut languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | English is the national language of the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. | | | Geographically the most widespread language on Earth is English, and it is second only to Mandarin Chinese in the number of people who speak it. | | | family of languages spoken in Greenland, Canada, Alaska (United States), and eastern Siberia (Russia), by the Eskimo and Aleut peoples. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-75298?tocId=75298
(706 words)
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| | Learn more about Language families and languages in the online encyclopedia. |
| | Sometimes a protolanguage can be identified with a historically known language. | | | For example, the reconstructible protolanguage of the well-known Indo-European family is called Proto-Indo-European (not known from written records, since it was spoken before the invention of writing). | | | Language families can be subdivided into smaller units, conventionally referred to as "branches" (because the history of a language family is often represented as a "tree" diagram). |
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http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/l/la/language_families_and_languages.html
(483 words)
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| | The Eskimo-Aleut language of Canada |
| | Sadock, Jerrold M. The nomalistic theory of Eskimo: A case study in scientific self-deception. | | | While some theories state that there are seven words for snow, other linguists state that there could be over 100 and some even go as far as to say that the English language actually has more. | | | In her article, the author mentions that there are two Eskimo languages (Yupik and Inuktitut) which are spoken from Greenland to Siberia. |
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http://www.unh.edu/linguistics/courses/790CS/annotations/HW2/Aleut.Malena.HW2.htm
(575 words)
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| | Inuktitut language - the free encyclopedia |
| | 'Like the Inuit') is the language of the Inuit people. | | | This is notaccurate, and results from a misunderstanding of the nature ofpolysynthetic languages. | | | The language is a member of theEskimo-Aleutgroup of languages. |
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http://www.aaez.biz/?t=Inuktitut_language
(672 words)
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| | Eskimo-Aleut languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This page was last modified 17:56, 13 October 2005. | | | However, recent research suggests that Yup'ik by itself is not a valid node, or, equivalently, that the Inuit dialect continuum is but one of several languages of the Yup'ik group. | | | According to Joseph Greenberg's highly controversial classification of the languages of Native North America, Eskimo-Aleut is one of the three main groups of Native languages spoken in the Americas, and represents a distinct wave of migration from Asia to the Americas. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inupik
(287 words)
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| | Inupiaq and the Schools, A Handbook for Teachers |
| | The implication that introduced customs, beliefs, and language are superior to indigenous ones has been very disruptive for people who grew up with their own set of beliefs. | | | This has often created conflict and unease in the very people who were supposed to be helped. | | | It is not to be taken as a moral imperative or a mark of superiority, even though many people in the society at large often view it that way. |
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http://www.alaskool.org/language/inupiaqhb/Inupiaq_Handbook.htm
(9770 words)
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| | An exercise in etymology |
| | Aleut, spoken in the Aleutian islands, is more distantly related to the other Eskimo languages. | | | But in the case of the first set, it is easy to identify cognates in the other modern Germanic languages and to find their historical ancestors in texts, and proto-Germanic forms can usually be reconstructed (I have not yet been able to do so for igle, 'leech'). | | | * But any neo-Whorfian language purists who think that my use of the term Eskimo somehow impugns any group of people, living or dead, are welcome to boycott my web page. |
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http://www.hum.uit.no/a/svenonius/lingua/history/iglu.html
(1021 words)
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| | Language |
| | This group of languages is spoken in the polar regions of North America, and western Siberia. | | | Note that the more familiar term 'Eskimo' is considered derogatory by some Native Americans; 'Inuit' is preferred. |
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http://www.wordgumbo.com/ea
(33 words)
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| | Public Anthropology |
| | Eskimo and Aleut populations, on the other hand, have become more distantly linked biologically. | | | after 1000 A.D. may account for the divergent development of Eskimo and Aleut peoples. | | | The Aleut findings show that there may be earlier divisions of these dialects that link them to the Northern Coast Indians, rather than the common belief that the Aleut have one language with two dialects. |
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http://www.publicanthropology.org/Archive/Aa1987.htm
(10629 words)
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| | Arctic societies |
| | Like Yup'ik Eskimos, Inupiat organized into clearly-bounded and often mutually-hostile societies of 300-900 members | | | The two Eskimo languages are more closely related to each other than either is to Aleut, and this is also true for other aspects of culture, suggesting split of proto-Aleut from proto-Eskimo several thousand yrs. | | | In sum, archaeological work in last few decades reveals that Eskimos and Aleuts have common ancestry in Bering Sea coastal region, going back perhaps 6-8000 years (which might also be the time that proto-Aleut-Eskimos first entered No. America from the Siberian side of the Berins Sea) |
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http://courses.washington.edu/anth310/arctic.htm
(4096 words)
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| | Aleut Reference, |
| | Aleut is spoken by about 1,000 people in the Aleutian Islands and by a few hundred more on the Commander Islands, which belong to Russia. | | | Copyright © Kenneth Katzner, The Languages of the World, Published by Routledge. | | | It is related to Eskimo but only distantly, the two languages being in no way mutually intelligible. |
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http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Aleut.htm
(148 words)
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| | Language/eskimo words for snow derby |
| | The dialects spoken by coastal native peoples from the east of Siberia to Greenland are classed as Eskimo, but many scholars divide them into two languages, Yupik and Inuit, with some scholars further sub-dividing these dialects. | | | I would guess that most of us would think not. | | | The Eskimo languages use derived words extensively, and there are fewer than 2,000 base stems in the West Greenlandic dialect[1] With all that said, I'll just present some word lists and let everyone come up with their own opinion... |
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http://tafkac.org/language/eskimo_words_for_snow_derby.html
(792 words)
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| | Smithsonian Institution, Anthropology Outreach Office: American Indian Languages References |
| | In 1492 there were at least 350 different languages spoken by the Native Americans north of Mexico, including Eskimos and Aleuts, and perhaps some 1,500 languages spoken in Mexico and Central and South America. | | | Few North American Indian languages are culturally or politically important today. | | | However, no such suggestions for prehistoric borrowings between the New and Old World languages have withstood critical examination of the evidence by qualified linguistic scientists. |
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http://www.nmnh.si.edu/anthro/outreach/indian_l.htm
(808 words)
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| | 2005-2006 UAF Catalog |
| | No other university in the United States offers a B.A. in Eskimo. | | | Eskimo languages are spoken by far northern people from the northeastern tip of Siberia, across Alaska and Canada, to East Greenland. | | | Send comments or questions to the UAF Admissions Office. |
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http://www.uaf.edu/catalog/current/programs/eskimo.html
(352 words)
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| | Glenn Humphries' tree of sino-tibetan languages |
| | Other languages which were influential to the develpment of a language will be noted parenthetically.Please be aware that some of the oldest language names denote the geographic region where that language was spoken rather that what the speakers of the language called their language. | | | This does not include languages in the families known as Finno-Ugric, Indo-European, Afro-Asiatic, African, Ural-Altaic (Asiatic), American Indiginous, Andamanese, Caucasian, or Oceanic. | | | PROTO SINO-TIBETAN ASIATIC (A theoretical language of unknown origin) "Proto Sino-Tibetan Asiatic" languages could possibly be divided into about five groups; the Ainu language, the Gilyak language, the Eskimo-Aleut languages, the Chukchi-Kamchadal languages, and the the Sino-Tibetan languages. |
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http://glenn.humphries.com/sinotibetan.htm
(291 words)
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| | CUI 613 - Linguistics for ESL Teachers |
| | This site tells about the language of the Cherokee. | | | This site has lots of examples of the pidginized language that was created by their need to trade and survive. | | | This book tells the history of the English language. |
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http://www.uncg.edu/cui/courses/coleman/613/content/noam.html
(616 words)
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| | Eskimo-Aleut languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | (The language spoken by the Eskimo people) Eskimo | | | (The language spoken by the Aleut people) Aleut | | | It consists of (additional info and facts about Eskimo language) Eskimo languages (the languages of the (The language spoken by the Eskimo people) Eskimos) and the (additional info and facts about Aleut language) Aleut language. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/e/es/eskimo-aleut_languages1.htm
(157 words)
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| | Eskimo on Encyclopedia.com |
| | They speak dialects of the same language, Eskimo, which is a major branch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. | | | Eskimo Pie out in cold after its stock plunges.(Business Times)(Stock View) |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/E/Eskimo.asp
(456 words)
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| | Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Paleoasian languages |
| | New Cyrillic-based writing systems for Itelmen, Ket and Yukaghir have been developed since the 1980's. | | | Paleoasian (Paleosiberian) languages - a group of genetically unrelated languages spoken in Siberia and the Far East. | | | Eskimo-Aleut languages - a family of languages spoken in the Chukotka Peninsula and the Bering Island (Russia), in Alaska and the Aleut Islands (USA), in the northern regions of Canada and in Greenland. |
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http://www.peoples.org.ru/eng_paleoaz.html
(140 words)
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| | ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Inuit |
| | Eskimo Dog, any of several mixed breeds of large working and hunting dogs of northern North America, particularly Labrador and Greenland, related to... | | | Inuit, also referred to as Eskimo, several Arctic peoples inhabiting Nunavut and small enclaves in the coastal areas of Greenland, Alaska, and... | | | Eskimo-Aleut Languages, family of at least six languages spoken across the Arctic from Siberia eastwards across Alaska and Canada to Greenland. |
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http://au.encarta.msn.com/Inuit.html
(83 words)
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| | Indo-European and Its Closest Relatives: The Eurasiatic Language Family
Volume 2, Lexicon - Joseph H. Greenberg |
| | The basic thesis of this two-volume work (Volume I. Grammar was published in 2000) is that the well known and extensively studied Indo-European family of languages is but a branch of a much larger Eurasiatic family that extends from Europe across northern Asia to North America. | | | Since some of the relevant etymological material has already been published in the work of some Nostraticists, this volume emphasizes those etymologies involving Ainu, Gilyak, Chukotian, and Eskimo-Aleut, languages generally omitted from Nostratic studies. | | | Among his many books over a fifty-year career is On Language: Selected Writings of Joseph H. Greenberg (Stanford, 1990). |
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http://www.sup.org/cgi-bin/search/book_desc.cgi?book_id=4624
(349 words)
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| | Katmai NP and Aniakchak NM & Preserve: Administrative History (Chapter 13) |
| | While a clear boundary between Eskimo and Aleut languages appears to have been established during the late prehistoric period, there may be no such boundary between the material cultures of the two groups. | | | [7] Others have concluded that sometime after AD 1000, a broad cultural zone was established on the central peninsula in which the technological elements of Eskimo and Aleut cultures were combined by the inhabitants to form their own unique assemblage. | | | The new group, however, did not migrate all the way south to the Aniakchak area. |
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http://www.nps.gov/katm/adhi/adhi13.htm
(6446 words)
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| | ipedia.com: Eskimo-Aleut languages Article |
| | Eskimo-Aleut (also called Inuit-Aleut, but both names are considered offensive by some) is a language family native to Greenland, the Canadian Arctic, Alaska, and parts of Siberia. | | | It consists of Eskimo languages (the languages of the Eskimos) and the Aleut language. | | | It consists of Eskimo languages and the Aleut language. |
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http://www.ipedia.com/eskimo_aleut_languages.html
(110 words)
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| | The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive |
| | Alternate names: "Eskimo", Inupiaq, Inupiat, North Alaskan Inupiat Family: Eskimo-Aleut Countries: Canada, United States | | | Alternate names: "Eskimo", Inupiatun, Northwest Alaska Inupiat Family: Eskimo-Aleut Countries: United States | | | Alternate names: Asiatic Eskimo, Siberian Yupik, St. Lawrence Island "Eskimo", Yoit, Yuit, Yuk Family: Eskimo-Aleut Countries: Russia, United States |
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http://www.rosettaproject.org:8080/live/search/browsebyfamilyresult?searchtype=family&searchkey=Eskimo-Aleut
(113 words)
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| | Ethnologue report for Greenland |
| | This web edition of the Ethnologue contains all the content of the print edition and may be cited as: | | | The number of languages listed for Greenland is 2. | | | Dialects: West Greenlandic, East Greenlandic, "Polar Eskimo" (North Greenlandic, Thule Inuit). |
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http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Greenland
(79 words)
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| | Natural Languages |
| | Provides Natural Languages grouped by family with definitions of each language within each family tree. | | | Lists of phrases for 14 European languages, including Albanian, Latvian and Czech, among others. | | | Includes a complete list of holdings in the library for selected languages. |
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http://www.joeant.com/DIR/cat/11189/Natural_Languages
(69 words)
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| | CLS 37-2: The Panels |
| | Phonetic voice and phonological assimilation in the Germanic languages | | | JOHN P. The Aleut Effect: Competition at TP The Great Yupik Mood Swing, and its implications for the directionality of semantic change | | | Productivity and linguistic layering in West Greenlandic and Aleut |
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http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/cls/pubs/TOC/CLS_37-2.html
(185 words)
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| | Table of contents for Alaskan Eskimo footwear |
| | Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog. | | | Table of contents for Alaskan Eskimo footwear / Jill Oakes and Rick Riewe ; contributors, Cydny Martin... |
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http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0515/2005018805.html
(67 words)
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