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| | Elam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Kudur-mabug, apparently king of another Elamite state to the north of Susa, managed to install his son, Warad-Sin, on the throne of Larsa, and Warad-Sin's brother, Rim-Sin (thought to be the biblical Arioch), succeeded him and conquered much of Mesopotamia for Larsa before being overthrown by Hammurabi of Babylon. | | | It was apparently founded by Eparti I. During this time, Susa was under Elamite control, but Mesopotamian states such as Larsa continually tried to retake the city. | | | Khumbanigash (743–17) supported Merodach-baladan against Sargon II, apparently with limited success; while his successor, Shutruk-Nakhkhunte II (716–699), was routed by Sargon's troops during an expedition in 710, and another Elamite defeat by Sargon's troops is recorded for 708. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamite_Empire
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| | Persian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Khosro II (Parviz) was assassinated in 629, and the empire plunged into anarchy after the death of his successor, Kavadh II. | | | Persia's weakness was exposed to the Greeks in 401 BC, when the Satrap of Sardis hired ten thousand Greek mercenaries to help secure his claim to the imperial throne (see Xenophon). | | | The local king of Persia at this time, Ardashir I, led a revolt against the imperial government of Parthia. |
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http://www.hartselle.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Persian_Empire
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| | Iranica.com - ELAM |
| | Grayson, "The Empire of Sargon of Akkad," Archiv für Orientforschung 25, 1974-77, pp. | | | The child born to a union of the king with an Elamite princess, that is, a foreigner, was legitimate. | | | The defeat of the Elamites was, however, less devastating than Aææurbanipal made it appear in his annals, for after his victory the Elamite kingdom rose from the ashes with ˆutur-Nahhunte, son of Humban-umena III. |
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http://www.bibliothecapersica.com/articles/v8f3/v8f340.html
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| | Ethics of Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Empires by Sanderson Beck |
| | Cyrus claimed that he was fulfilling the will of Marduk, reaffirmed the privileges of Babylon, ordered exiled deities returned, and decreed that the Jews would be allowed to return to their country. | | | However, the Elamites counter-attacked, took the throne of Babylon, and the war went on for seven years. | | | In 651 BC Ashurbanipal's brother Shamash-shum-ukin, who was king of Babylon, tried to form an alliance with Phoenicians, Philistines, Judah, Arabs, Chaldeans, Elamites, and even Lydia and Egypt, closing the gates of Sippar, Babylon, and Barsippa to the Assyrians. |
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http://www.san.beck.org/EC6-Assyria.html
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| | Persian Empire |
| | After Alexander the Great’s death in Babylon in 323BC, his empire was split into three. | | | If they could have read it at the time, the workers would have been surprised to read a message from Darius, 'I ordered this canal to be dug from the Nile, which flows into Egypt, to the sea that goes to Persia'. | | | However, after his death in AD379, the Sassanians were put under pressure from various groups such as the Huns of Central Asia. |
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http://members.aol.com/robinsash/persia/persia.htm
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| | HISTORY OF LURISTAN |
| | The plight of the Faily Kurds in Iraq over the last 4 decades have brought the issue of the Luri Kurds to a prominent position and have imposed a certain dose of Kurdish nationalism on this portion of the Kurdish nation. | | | This change was facilitated by the fact that the ancient Kurds looked at the Medes as heroes and liberators for leading anti-Assyrian opposition and for their defeat of the Assyrian Empire. | | | Accordingly, the inhabitant of ancient Khuzistan are considered as Elamite people, which implicitly mean that the Arabs of Khuzistan must have immigrated to this region some time during the Islamic period. |
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http://mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/sabga/Edito/histlur.html
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| | A timeline of the Ancient Middle-East |
| | 823 BC : Shalmeneser III's son, Shamshi-Adad V of Assyria, conquers Babylon and extends the empire from the Gulf to the Mediterranean | | | 1185 BC : the Hittite empire collapses under the invasion of the "Sea Peoples" | | | 612 BC : the Babylonians, led by king Nabopolassar, and their allies the Medes, led by Cyaxares, destroy the Assyrian capital of Nineveh (as well as Nimrud) and split the Assyrian empire (Mesopotamia to Babylon and Elam to Media) while Egypt recovers control of Palestine and Syria |
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http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/neareast.html
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| | Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The power of the early Parthian empire seems to have been overestimated by some ancient historians, who could not clearly separate the latter, very strong empire from its rather obscure origins. | | | After the conquest of Media, Assyria, Babylonia and Elam, the Parthians had to organize their empire. | | | This was a very apt title, as the Parthian monarch was the ruler of his own empire plus some eighteen vassal kings, such as the rulers of the city state Hatra, the port of and the ancient kingdom of Armenia. |
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http://www.hartselle.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Parthian
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| | Sassanid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Nestorian Christianity becomes dominant Christian sect in Sassanid Empire | | | They made Zoroastrianism the state religion and claimed in inscriptions to have persecuted other faiths (although these claims are not reflected in native Jewish and Christian sources of the time). | | | The head of the priestly class, the mobadan, along with the military commander, the eran spahbod, and the head of the bureaucracy, were among the great men of the state. |
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http://www.americancanyon.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Sassanid_dynasty
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| | Persian History- Iranian History |
| | Having consolidated his eastern fronts, he then set to take Babylon, which fell to his hands without a shot being fired. | | | Important Elamite Cities such as Awan or Simash are still to be located. | | | Other important Elamite sites however have been excavated such as Choga Zanbil, Haft Tape, Susa on the Khuzestan plain; and Tape Malyan (Anshan) on the Marv Dasht plain near Persepolis in Fars. |
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http://oznet.net/iran/introduc.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Women seem to have held a very important position in the Elamite society. | | | This New Elamite kingdom soon became a powerful state and started a campaign against the Babylonians and the new Assyrian Empire. | | | Elamites have been accused of cultural stagnation and lack of innovation. |
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http://heim.ifi.uio.no/peyman/lur.html
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| | Elamite language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Elamite is an extinct language, which was spoken by the ancient Elamites. | | | Old Elamite has only been partially deciphered, mainly by Walther Hinz. | | | Elamite was not related to the neighboring Semitic languages, or Indo-European languages, and although some call Elamite the "sister" to the Sumerian language, the two languages appear to be unrelated. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamite_language
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| | Ghaznavid Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Mahmud died in 1030, and his son was unable to control the conquered lands and lost the in 1040. | | | Even though there was some revival of importance under (1059-1099), the empire never reached anything like the same splendour and power. | | | The Ghaznavid Empire was a state in the region of today's Afghanistan that existed from 963 to 1187. |
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http://www.bucyrus.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Ghaznavid_Empire
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Iranians have made vast contributions to the World, of which some can be briefly listed as the following: world's first charter of human rights, world's first largest empire, first administrative system for Government, first communication lines (Postal Service, Delivery), birthplace of the Zoroastrianism and Manichaeanism religions, contributions to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. | | | 661 — 750 A.D. Arab Ummayid Islamic Empire | | | 750 — 820 A.D. Arab Abbasid Islamic Empire |
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http://www.une.edu.au/irsa/History.htm
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| | Seljuk Turks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | His brothers did not recognize his claim to the throne and Mahmud II proclaimed himself Sultan and established a capital in Baghdad. | | | Despite several attempts to reunite the Seljuks in the centuries following Malik Shah's death, the Crusades prevented them from regaining their former empire. | | | In 1118, the third son Ahmed Sanjar, unsatisfied by his portion of the inheritance, took over the empire. |
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http://www.kernersville.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Seljuk_Turks
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| | AncientScripts.com: Elamite |
| | Unlike their Mesopotamian neighbors which had more than 700 signs, the Elamite cuneiform only contained 145 signs, where 113 were syllabograms, twenty five were logograms, and seven were determinatives. | | | The discovery of a bilingual text, with one version in Linear Elamite and the other in Old Akkadian, in 1905 at the Elamite capital of Susa made it possible to partially decipher Linear Elamite. | | | Another problem is the poor understanding of the Elamite language, which is unrelated to any other language in the world, and also suffers from being less studied than other Mesopotamian languages like Sumerian and Akkadian. |
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http://www.ancientscripts.com/elamite.html
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| | Elam |
| | This lead to the end of the Elamite empire. | | | Elamite language is only partly understood by scholars — it had nothing relative to Sumerian, Semitic or Indo-European languages, and there are no modern descendants of it. | | | After 3000 BCE the Elamites developed a semipictographic writing system which we call Proto-Elamite. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/elam.htm
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| | Iranian Architecture: A short history of high buildings in Iran |
| | This era gave rise to newer forms of high buildings such as Pasargad and Persepolis (which served as the seat of the government), Zoroasstrian temples and some kinds of minarets that were erected for the purpose of making public announcements. | | | In the Parthian Empire (or Arsacides), which followed the Achaemenids attempts were made to revive the architectural glamour of the latter dynasty. | | | This temple was built in the shape of a stepped pyramid, originally having five stories. |
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http://www.iranchamber.com/architecture/short_history_highbuildings_iran.php
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| | Susa: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | A tablet unearthed in 1854 by Henry Austin Layard in Nineveh reveals Ashurbanipal as an avenger seeking retribution for the humiliations the Elamites had inflicted on the Mesopotamians over the centuries: | | | As well as being an archaeological site, Shush is also a lively village due to the devotion of Shi'ites and the Persian Jewish community for the prophet Daniel. | | | Under Cyrus' son Cambyses II, the capital of the empire moved from Pasargadae to Susa. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/susa
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| | Iranica.com - GANZABARA |
| | Commentators are largely agreed (although the editor of the texts held otherwise) that these officials served at the named places in Arachosia, where the texts were written before the vessels were sent to Persepolis. | | | GANZABARA (treasurer), title of provincial and sub-provincial financial administrators in the Achaemenid empire, extended to workers attached to Achaemenid treasuries; title of financial administrators in Parthian and Sasanian provinces; title of temple administrators in post-exile Judaism and in Hellenistic Babylonia. | | | Elamite administrative tablets from the Treasury at Persepolis name four men who held the title treasurer consecutively between 490 and 459 B.C.E., and a fifth man who appears in a comparable administrative role but without a title. |
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http://www.iranica.com/articles/v10f3/v10f381.html
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