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<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> the German Democratic Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The fact that Eastb> Germany had a planned <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> did not mean that a single, comprehensive plan was the basis <bb>>ofb>bb>> all economic activity.
However, the Eastb> German press occasionally reported prosecutions <bb>>ofb>bb>> particularly egregious cases <bb>>ofb>bb>> illegal "second <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>" activity, involving what are called "crimes against socialist property" and other activities that are in "conflict and contradiction with the interests and demands <bb>>ofb>bb>> society" (as one report described the situation).
The ultimate directing force in the <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, as in every aspect <bb>>ofb>bb>> the society, was the Socialist Unity Party <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands--SED), particularly its top leadership.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_East_Germany (2687 words)



NTU Info Centre: Eastb> Germany

Eastb> Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR), German Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), was a Communist Party-led state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany.
It was created in 1946 through the merger <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Communist Party <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany (KPD) and the Social Democratic Party <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany (SPD) in the Soviet controlled zone, although the SPD remained a separate party in Eastb> Berlin.
Thus, on October 3 1990 the Eastb> German population was the first from the Eastern Bloc to join the European Union as a part <bb>>ofb>bb>> the reunified Federal Republic <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany.

http://www.nowtryus.com/article:East_Germany (1485 words)



Civil Society and Eastb> Ge

While in Eastb> Germany labor and initiative collapsed and flowed West, Poland had no where to go, and the capitalist West flowed into their <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> in the form <bb>>ofb>bb>> investments.
Whereas Eastb> Germany was immediately incorporated into the strong economic and social conditions <bb>>ofb>bb>> West Germany, Poland was forced to handle the transition alone.
Eastb> Germans complain <bb>>ofb>bb>> being able to find jobs in the GDR, are discontent with the ill <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, and the 20percent average higher salary that West Germans have.

http://allfreeessays.com/student/Civil_Society_and_East_Germany.html (3309 words)



The Eastb> Prussian Genealogy Website - History <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany by John Holwell

The costs <bb>>ofb>bb>> bringing the faltering <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Germany in line with the West promised to be enormous, but the great prosperity <bb>>ofb>bb>> the former West Germany gave cause for optimism on that score.
World War II itler's foreign policy goals were determined by his belief that Germany was overpopulated and needed to conquer Europe in order to secure Lebensraum (living space) in Poland and Russia.
Claiming that only West Germany represented the true wishes <bb>>ofb>bb>> all the German people, Adenauer refused to recognize the Soviet-dominated German Democratic Republic or maintain diplomatic relations with any country that did.

http://www.paetzel.info/histgerm.htm (4885 words)



Eastb> & West Germany Struggle To Become A Unified Nation

While West Germany became part <bb>>ofb>bb>> the United Nations and the European Community and quickly developed economic wealth, Eastb> Germany was forced to adopt the planned <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> the USSR, and their production was dictated by political preferences, not by the demands <bb>>ofb>bb>> the people.
Religious groups, interestingly, were one <bb>>ofb>bb>> the main forces behind the movement to liberate Eastb> Germany from the communist system.
Now, eight years later, it seems his promise has not been kept: although billions <bb>>ofb>bb>> Marks (a German Mark is currently worth about 50 cents) have been invested in Eastb> Germany every year, its economic growth has not developed as fast as many experts claimed it would, and people are getting impatient.

http://baltimorechronicle.com/east_west_germany.html (1195 words)



Essay Depot - Berlin Wall

Many <bb>>ofb>bb>> these people were from Eastb> Berlin, and the government <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Germany knew that they couldnt afford to loose all <bb>>ofb>bb>> these people.
Eastb> Germany was now all by itself, and by the summer <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1952 the border between Eastb> and West Germany was closed; only in Berlin was the border was still open.
The reunification <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany was a great victory for the German people and the nations <bb>>ofb>bb>> the west, but the Berlin Wall has left economic and emotional scars that can only be healed by the hard work and understanding <bb>>ofb>bb>> generations to come.

http://www.essaydepot.com/essayme/842 (2592 words)



Treuhandanstalt

While other Eastb> European countries in transition have as main objectives to establish monetary stability with a convertible currency, an institutional infrastructure, and the adjustment <bb>>ofb>bb>> the <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, especially on the enterprise level, Eastb> Germany took over with the unification a hard currency and the institutions <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Federal Republic <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany.
Conscious about the particularity <bb>>ofb>bb>> underemployment in the GIDR <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> and the consequently necessity to lay off a large part <bb>>ofb>bb>> the labor force, the Eastb> German employers allowed wages to rise as much as possible to benefit from high unemployment payments.
Considering the special situation, and in order to protect the whole <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Eastb> German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, article 9,3 <bb>>ofb>bb>> the West German Constitution should not have been immediately expanded to the new Lander.

http://www.fatemi.com/CONFERENCES/treuhandanstalt.html (6571 words)



Larkey: Political <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Memory in Eastb> Germany

The post-unification period has witnessed the privatization <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Eastb> German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, the de-regulation <bb>>ofb>bb>> most areas <bb>>ofb>bb>> public life and the de-centralization <bb>>ofb>bb>> the centralized economic and political institutions in the country.
The reconfiguration <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany resulting from unification has arrested the development <bb>>ofb>bb>> the German Democratic Republic as a separate nation and fundamentally altered the evolution <bb>>ofb>bb>> the West German state after the eastern New German States were joined to the West in 1991.
This is a tactic <bb>>ofb>bb>> most <bb>>ofb>bb>> the other Eastb> Berlin groups able to travel to the West prior to the fall <bb>>ofb>bb>> the wall as well.

http://www.bsos.umd.edu/CSS97/papers/larkey.html (9608 words)



How to get rid <bb>>ofb>bb>> a planned <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

The transition <bb>>ofb>bb>> socialism to a market <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> in Eastb> Germany proved to be a process <bb>>ofb>bb>> rapid and comprehensive institutional adjustment to the functional conditions and customary patterns <bb>>ofb>bb>> problem-solving found in West German Politics.
In order to maintain competitive jobs and homogenize standards <bb>>ofb>bb>> living in united Germany, the former socialist <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> had to be completely modernized.
At the same time, it implies that it is an institution that largely bases its conduct on political considerations, and which, in close accord with the federal government, manages the economic conversion <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Germany.

http://www.fernuni-hagen.de/POLAD/hypertexte/trust.html (10269 words)



Germany: A Brighter Sun In The Eastb>

The jubilation that swept Eastb> Germany after the fall <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Berlin Wall in 1989 long ago gave way to the sober reality <bb>>ofb>bb>> globalization and market forces.
Germany could also better spend the $110 billion a year it pumps into the Eastb> German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.
Yet there is reason to believe that the pessimism about the Eastb> German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> is overdone.

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_40/b3902085_mz054.htm (1474 words)



Germany 4.1 - Post-war development and structure <bb>>ofb>bb>> the German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

The introduction <bb>>ofb>bb>> the state-directed <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> in Eastb> Germany completely eliminated existing structures.
Eastb> Germany, which had the strongest socialist <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> at that time, stagnated in the 1980s.
Germany seems to be developing into a service <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, although the share <bb>>ofb>bb>> service employees is lower than that in the U.S. or Japan.

http://info.wlu.ca/~wwwgeog/special/vgt/English/ger_mod4/unit1.htm (2521 words)



Germany says Privatization <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Complete Business Deutsche Welle 20.11.2003

Thirteen years after reunification, the privatization <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Germany’s <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> has been officially declared complete.
“Neither the Treuhandanstalt nor the BvS thought they could do away with the economic results <bb>>ofb>bb>> 40 years <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> German dictatorship,” the BvS president said.
In the summer <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1990, the Treuhand overtook all formerly Eastb> German companies that had yet to be privatized -- some 8,500 firms in all, with four million employees in some 45,000 work sites.

http://www.dw-world.de/english/0,3367,1431_A_1037881_1_A,00.html (458 words)



2. The German Democratic Republic (Eastb> Germany). 2001. The Encyclopedia <bb>>ofb>bb>> World History

The new German state that emerged eastb> <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Elbe, constructed in conformity with Soviet social, economic, political, and cultural patterns, became one <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Eastern European bloc <bb>>ofb>bb>> countries known in the Soviet Union as people's democracies, referred to in the West as satellites <bb>>ofb>bb>> the USSR.
The outbreak <bb>>ofb>bb>> the cold war left eastern Germany in the Soviet sphere <bb>>ofb>bb>> influence.
Still, held up in comparison with Eastern Europe generally, the <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> in Eastb> Germany during the 40 years after the Second World War was one <bb>>ofb>bb>> the most successful in the region.

http://www.bartleby.com/67/3011.html (307 words)



Eastb> Germany - Chapter 3. The <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>

THE <<bb>>bb>bb>>>ECONOMYb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> the German Democratic Republic (Eastb> Germany) has developed impressively since its founding in 1949.
Eastb> Germany is a major supplier <bb>>ofb>bb>> advanced technology to the other members.
Eastb> Germany after these early troubled years is not as easy as many assert.

http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-5094.html (404 words)



Germany, Eastb> (Former) : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library <bb>>ofb>bb>> Congress

Germany, Eastb> (Former) : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library <bb>>ofb>bb>> Congress
Women and the Democratic Women's League <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany
Chapter 3 - The <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> (Becky A. Gates)

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/gxtoc.html (146 words)



Kiel Institute <bb>>ofb>bb>> World Economics Duesternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany) (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath

Analysis in terms <bb>>ofb>bb>> the two-sector open <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> shows that in bringing the market <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> to Eastb> Germany, West Germany seems to have disregarded important fundamentals.
Kiel Institute <bb>>ofb>bb>> World Economics Duesternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany)
Kiel Institute <bb>>ofb>bb>> World Economics Duesternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany) (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath

http://smealsearch2.psu.edu/4425.html (222 words)



Find in a Library: Europe's <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> looks Eastb> : implications for Germany and the European Union

Europe's <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> looks Eastb> : implications for Germany and the European Union
Find in a Library: Europe's <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> looks Eastb> : implications for Germany and the European Union
Publisher: Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1997.

http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/3b2b4e7883e029c3a19afeb4da09e526.html (87 words)



<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Germany Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com

Content moved to Talk:<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Germany, see there for explanation.
<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Eastb> Germany Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com
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http://wikiwhat.com/encyclopedia/e/ec/economy_of_east_germany.html (67 words)



Germany

Adolf Hitler, an Austrian war veteran and a fanatical nationalist, fanned discontent by promising a Greater Germany, abrogation <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Treaty <bb>>ofb>bb>> Versailles, restoration <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany's lost colonies, and the destruction <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Jews, whom he scapegoated as the reason for Germany's downfall and depressed <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.
Germany's recession continued in 2003: for the previous three years Europe's biggest <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> had the lowest growth rate among EU countries.
The fall <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Communist government in Eastb> Germany left only Soviet objections to German reunification to be dealt with.

http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107568.html (2761 words)



Former Eastb> Germany sinks into economic backwater csmonitor.com

Analysts say that this migration <bb>>ofb>bb>> young workers threatens to undermine eastern Germany's <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> for years to come.
In the early and mid-90s, western help led to a booming <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> in the eastb>, led by the construction sector as long-neglected cities were restored and modern apartments were built.
Because most large factories in the eastb> have been idle since the restructuring that followed reunification, most <bb>>ofb>bb>> the on-the-job training programs, vital in Germany for those wanting to learn a trade, are in the west.

http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0314/p08s01-woeu.html (1068 words)



Larkey: Political <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Memory in Eastb> Germany

The post-unification period has witnessed the privatization <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Eastb> German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, the de-regulation <bb>>ofb>bb>> most areas <bb>>ofb>bb>> public life and the de-centralization <bb>>ofb>bb>> the centralized economic and political institutions in the country.
The reconfiguration <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany resulting from unification has arrested the development <bb>>ofb>bb>> the German Democratic Republic as a separate nation and fundamentally altered the evolution <bb>>ofb>bb>> the West German state after the eastern New German States were joined to the West in 1991.
This is a tactic <bb>>ofb>bb>> most <bb>>ofb>bb>> the other Eastb> Berlin groups able to travel to the West prior to the fall <bb>>ofb>bb>> the wall as well.

http://www.bsos.umd.edu/CSS97/papers/larkey.html (9608 words)



CIA - The World Factbook -- Germany

As Europe's largest <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> and second most populous nation, Germany remains a key member <bb>>ofb>bb>> the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations.
Germany's affluent and technologically powerful <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>- the fifth largest in the world - has become one <bb>>ofb>bb>> the slowest growing economies in the euro zone.
The modernization and integration <bb>>ofb>bb>> the eastern German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> continues to be a costly long-term process, with annual transfers from west to eastb> amounting to roughly $70 billion.

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gm.html (1394 words)



Germany: A Brighter Sun In The Eastb>

Yet there is reason to believe that the pessimism about the Eastb> German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> is overdone.
The jubilation that swept Eastb> Germany after the fall <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Berlin Wall in 1989 long ago gave way to the sober reality <bb>>ofb>bb>> globalization and market forces.
Eastb> Germany's biggest problem is the building industry, which is still recovering from massive overinvestment in the early 1990s.

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_40/b3902085_mz054.htm (1420 words)



Eastb> Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

However, the Eastb> German press occasionally reported prosecutions <bb>>ofb>bb>> particularly egregious cases <bb>>ofb>bb>> illegal "second <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>" activity, involving what are called "crimes against socialist property" and other activities that are in "conflict and contradiction with the interests and demands <bb>>ofb>bb>> society" (as one report described the situation).
Eastb> German economists and planners were well aware <bb>>ofb>bb>> the alleged strengths and weaknesses <bb>>ofb>bb>> their system <bb>>ofb>bb>> planned <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.
In Imperial Germany and later during the time <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Weimar Republic, territory that would become Eastb> Germany was situated in the center <bb>>ofb>bb>> the state.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany (5946 words)



Eastb> Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

However, the Eastb> German press occasionally reported prosecutions <bb>>ofb>bb>> particularly egregious cases <bb>>ofb>bb>> illegal "second <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>" activity, involving what are called "crimes against socialist property" and other activities that are in "conflict and contradiction with the interests and demands <bb>>ofb>bb>> society" (as one report described the situation).
Eastb> German economists and planners were well aware <bb>>ofb>bb>> the alleged strengths and weaknesses <bb>>ofb>bb>> their system <bb>>ofb>bb>> planned <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.
In Imperial Germany and later during the time <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Weimar Republic, territory that would become Eastb> Germany was situated in the center <bb>>ofb>bb>> the state.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany (5090 words)



Germany

Adolf Hitler, an Austrian war veteran and a fanatical nationalist, fanned discontent by promising a Greater Germany, abrogation <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Treaty <bb>>ofb>bb>> Versailles, restoration <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany's lost colonies, and the destruction <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Jews, whom he scapegoated as the reason for Germany's downfall and depressed <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.
Germany's recession continued in 2003: for the previous three years Europe's biggest <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> had the lowest growth rate among EU countries.
The fall <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Communist government in Eastb> Germany left only Soviet objections to German reunification to be dealt with.

http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107568.html (2726 words)



latz.html

It is clear that unresolved property rights in eastb> Germany slowed the transformation <bb>>ofb>bb>> its <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, which could have benefitted from more monetary compensation in lieu <bb>>ofb>bb>> restitution.
Eastb> Germany through unification was assured significant financial support from west Germany, in addition to a wealth <bb>>ofb>bb>> market knowledge, membership in the EU, and a fully functional legal and institutional framework that helped ease the transition to a market <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.
Eastb> German privatization is a special case in that none <bb>>ofb>bb>> the other eastern economies in transition have the benefit <bb>>ofb>bb>> a wealthy "big brother" to aid them in the process.

http://www.econ.duke.edu/Journals/dje/dje_96/dje4/latz0000.html (968 words)



Germany - Simple English Wikipedia

Germany has the world's third-most technology powerful <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> (only the United States and Japan are more powerful), but its <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> is starting to have problems because <bb>>ofb>bb>> the way it gives money to the German people.
To the eastb> <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany are the countries Poland and the Czech Republic.
Ten thousand Jews have moved to Germany since the fall <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Berlin wall; many came from countries which were in the Soviet Union.

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany (1935 words)



Eastb> Germany - Unipedia

However, the Eastb> German press occasionally reported prosecutions <bb>>ofb>bb>> particularly egregious cases <bb>>ofb>bb>> illegal "second <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>" activity, involving what are called "crimes against socialist property" and other activities that are in "conflict and contradiction with the interests and demands <bb>>ofb>bb>> society" (as one report described the situation).
Eastb> German economists and planners were well aware <bb>>ofb>bb>> the alleged strengths and weaknesses <bb>>ofb>bb>> their system <bb>>ofb>bb>> planned <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>.
Eastb> Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR), German Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), was a Communist state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone <bb>>ofb>bb>> Germany.

http://www.unipedia.info/GDR.html (4682 words)



CIA - The World Factbook -- Germany

As Europe's largest <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> and second most populous nation, Germany remains a key member <bb>>ofb>bb>> the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations.
Germany's affluent and technologically powerful <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>>- the fifth largest in the world - has become one <bb>>ofb>bb>> the slowest growing economies in the euro zone.
The modernization and integration <bb>>ofb>bb>> the eastern German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>economyb>bb>>bb>bb>>> continues to be a costly long-term process, with annual transfers from west to eastb> amounting to roughly $70 billion.

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gm.html (1408 words)

Topic: Economy <b>of</b> East <b>Germany<

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