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| | Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Prussia's democratic constitution was suspended in 1932 as a result of a coup by Germany's conservative Chancellor Franz von Papen, marking the effective end of German democracy. | | | In 1618 the Duchy was inherited by the Elector John Sigismund of Brandenburg, who was at the same time ruler of Prussia and Brandenburg, a German state centered on Berlin and ruled since the 15th century by the Hohenzollern dynasty. | | | These expulsions, together with the nationalisation of land by the Communist regime in East Germany, destroyed the junkers as a class and marked the effective end of Prussia as a social and political entity; the East German bureaucracy is seen by many as a "Red" continuation of the Prussian tradition, however. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia
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| | Ezion-Geber's Home Page - Preussen Gloria - Prussia, History of |
| | This, then, is the heartland of Prussia - a western Catholic and eastern Protestant part, until the mass expulsions of 1944-47 when the German population was either expelled or butchered by the Red Army. | | | In 2001 the Social Democratic German Government proposed that the State of Brandenburg be renamed Prussia and declared that 2001 would be 'Prussia Year'. | | | Today it is almost impossible to read literature on this Prussian Holocaust except in German, since no-one but Germans will even listen. |
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http://www.nccg.org/ezion_geber/preussen1.html
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| | Prussia in History and Prussian Historic Events in the Arkansas Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Arkansas Arkansas History ... |
| | Eventually the entire population was deported and sent to labour camps or killed and a Soviet one imported. | | | Historically Jews had played an important role in the region, though the Jewish religious perspective on christ was not popular, anti-semitism has been said to have been non-existent there upto 1918. | | | Historical Baltic Prussia Proper does not include the marches of Brandenburg, Pomerania nor all but eastern parts around Pojezierze -Malbork(Marienburg), Kwidzyn(Marienwerder) and perhaps Torun(Thorn)- of former "West Prussia". |
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http://rageontheriver.8m.com/partagas.html
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| | murder.html |
| | Prussia, and they were fully believable to residents who had been through well documented carnage at the hands of | | | Prussia opened its doors to political and religious refugees | | | Ehrenburg,below right,whipped the Red Army into a fury with his pathological hatred of Germans and by the time |
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http://www.exulanten.com/murder.html
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| | PGSA - West Prussia |
| | West Prussia's is a sea climate and therefore damp, variable, and harsh. | | | West Prussia, formerly Royal Prussia, part of Pomerania, currently one of 12 provinces of the Kingdom of Prussia, has already been partially discussed in the articles on Gdansk and Kwidzyn, and from an ecclesiastical viewpoint in the article on Chelmno. | | | As for religion, in 1784 West Prussia had 203,721 Catholics and 122,201 Protestants. |
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http://www.pgsa.org/wprussia.htm
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| | Helga's Genealogy, History of Old Prussi Land, Brandenburg, Prussia |
| | Partition of Poland in 1772 was in reality the Re-uniting of East and West Prussia which previously were continously one land for 1700 years and remained one land even under different political and religious overlord systems. | | | But by the 1550's Brandenburg and the sons of the Electors became Lutheran. | | | the eastern part - Ducal Prussia(East- Prussia) was christianized from the East - from the archbishop of |
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http://www.crystalbay.net/helgasgenealogy/berlin.html
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| | The Other Prussia - Cambridge University Press |
| | Although its urban elites became predominantly Protestant and German-speaking, they formulated a republican identity deliberately hostile to the competing monarchical-dynastic myth in neighbouring ducal Prussia, ruled by the Brandenburg-Hohenzollerns from 1618. | | | This book considers the phenomenon of nation-building before the age of modern nationalism. | | | Political identity in the cities of royal Prussia and the meaning of liberty (1650—1720); 6. |
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http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521583357
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| | Ducal Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In 1226 and 1224 the Teutonic Order had received imperial and papal authority to create a state in Prussia and to christianize the inhabitants. | | | Most of its Prussian German population had then already fled westwards in the last winter of the war, and the remaining population was expelled after the war. | | | Ducal Prussia or Brandenburg-Prussia was since 1525 the eastern part of the land called Prussia, officially referred to as Terra Prussiae. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducal_Prussia
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| | H-Net Review: Elizabeth A. Drummond on The Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland and ... |
| | On the basis of a close analysis of the historical and political writings of leading Prussians, Friedrich convincingly demonstrates that Royal Prussian elites, both nobles and burghers, remained loyal to the Polish-Lithuanian mixed form of government, a constitutional structure that preserved Prussian liberties. | | | Just as they had revolted against the Teutonic Knights in order to preserve traditional Prussian liberties, so too did they construct a notion of Prussian identity within the Polish-Lithuanian state around the idea of liberty and in opposition to the centralizing tendencies of absolutism. | | | As Friedrich ably describes in her introduction, the history of Prussia has long been a battlefield of national history. |
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http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=104251071614861
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| | Canadian Journal of History: Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty, 1569-1772, The |
| | This book is an excellent example of a scholarly monograph. | | | which still dominate popular, and even many scholarly, views of Prussia" in Germany (p. | | | This identity, based on the Polish political culture of constitutionalism and elective monarchy, was hostile to that culture which was represented by a hereditary and militarist ruler, as exemplified by the neighboring Ducal Prussia, which was ruled by the Brandenburg-Hohenzollerns since 1618. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200112/ai_n9004488
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| | East Prussia Information |
| | The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious make up of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. | | | » German history »; Kingdom of Prussia » East Prussia Information | | | The remaining German population of East Prussia was, during the years after the war, expelled by the communist Soviet and Polish regimes. |
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http://www.articleshead.com/article/east-prussia
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| | MSN Encarta - Search View - Prussia |
| | Prussia (German Preussen), former kingdom and state of Germany. | | | The state of Prussia was legally abolished in 1947 by the Allied Control Council, a group formed after World War II to resolve issues relating to Germany. | | | In 1947, after World War II (1939-1945), Prussia was abolished as a political unit and, with the exception of East Prussia, partitioned into various parts of the four zones of occupation in Germany, administered by France, Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). |
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http://encarta.msn.com/text_761559027__1/Prussia.html
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| | Kaliningrad - Psychology Central |
| | From this time the Duchy of Prussia and Königsberg were ruled by the Electors of Brandenburg. | | | In 1932, Prussia's legal (Social Democratic) government under Otto Braun was ousted by the Reich Government, and Gauleiter Erich Koch replaced the elected local government during Nazi rule from 1933 to 1945. | | | Until the latter part of World War II the apartments of the Royal Family and the Prussia Museum (north wing) were open to the public daily. |
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http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Kaliningrad
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| | Prussia -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The electors of Brandenburg (who from 1701 were the kings of Prussia) considered a rigidly centralized government a means of ensuring stability and furthering dynastic objectives. | | | Ducal Prussia and the Kingdom of Prussia, to 1786. | | | The foundations of modern public administration in Europe were laid in Prussia in the late 17th and 18th centuries. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061665
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| | CCMB: Resources: Historian: Mar. 2005: Some eighteenth century units of measurement for Danzig, West Prussia and Russia ... |
| | His information is limited to the area of Germany at that time – which, as stated above, excludes Danzig and West Prussia. | | | Although Danzig and West Prussia were Germanic in language and culture these centuries-long political separations under differing administrative and legislative influences tended to result in modifications in some economic and other administrative features, such as units of measurement and coinage. | | | It would appear that this is an example of what Emmerich refers to when he states that “. |
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http://www.mbconf.ca/historian/05-03/feature-3.en.html
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| | Albert of Prussia - QucikSeek Encyclopedia |
| | This transition did not, however, take place without protest. | | | Born at Ansbach on May 16, 1490, he was intended for the church, and spent some time at the court of Hermann, elector of Cologne, who appointed him canon in his cathedral. | | | This proposal, which was understandably appealing to Albert, had already been discussed by some of his relatives, but it was necessary to proceed cautiously, and he assured Pope Adrian VI that he was anxious to reform the Order and punish the knights who had adopted Lutheran doctrines. |
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http://albertofprussia.quickseek.com
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| | [No title] |
| | Bismarck wanted new allies to counter the forces of the newly-established Second Compact -- a crack regiment that would stand firm against fire-breathing dragons and the magicks of various sorcerous orders, and offer a deadly threat to Faeries. | | | His heir and successor, Bianes II, continued his father's close alliance with the Hohenzollerns... | | | This he named the 1st Coldiron Grenadiers, after the metal for which his ancestors had relinquished their Faerie heritage. |
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http://www3.sympatico.ca/maelstrom/elecmag/campaig.htm
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| | West Prussia |
| | The province of Royal Prussia was mostly inhabited by Catholics of Polish (or Cashubian) ethnicity and a significant German (partially Lutheran) minority, which was predominant particularly in the cities, as Gdansk (German: Danzig) and Torun (Thorn). | | | The territory which remained under the rule of the Order was then called Ducal Prussia and later became the province of East Prussia. | | | The areas of the former West Prussia east from the Vistula River (shown in green and pink) also remained German and were incorporated into East Prussia. |
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http://www.polishroots.org/genpoland/westpr.htm
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Klaipeda |
| | Beginning in 1474 Memel was governed by the Culm Law of the Prussian Land cities. | | | In 1525 Ducal Memel, under Albert of Prussia (Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach-Prussia), adopted Lutheranism. | | | For a long time it belonged to East Prussia, during which time it was called Memel. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/K/KL/KLA/Klaipeda
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| | East Prussia - Britannica Concise |
| | Prussia - The Teutonic Order's last grand master in Prussia, Albert of Hohenzollern, became a Lutheran and, in 1525, secularized his fief, which he transformed into a duchy for himself. | | | From 1815 it was known as East Prussia, part of the kingdom of Prussia, and in the 19th century it was a stronghold of Prussian Junkers, a military aristocracy. | | | It was the scene of successful resistance against the Russians in World War I. Following the war, it was separated from the rest of Germany by the Polish Corridor (1919); it was reunited with the Reich by the German conquest of Poland in 1939. |
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http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9363342
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| | History of GERMANY |
| | Ducal Prussia, by contrast, is largely German - as a result of German settlers being brought there in the 13th century to till the soil and to control the pagan Prussians. | | | This ethnic division, with a Polish region between two German ones, is one of the more disastrous accidents of history. | | | The isolation of the Germans in ducal Prussia is irrelevant while Europe still has the patchwork allegiances of feudalism. |
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http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=2797&HistoryID=ac62
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| | East Prussia |
| | The capital city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad and became the capital of the Russian enclave. | | | East Prussia was in turn extended by the eastern districts (shown in green and in cyan) of the former Province of West Prussia which remained German after 1920. | | | German inhabitants of East Prussia either escaped in 1945 or were expelled from there afterwards. |
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http://www.polishroots.org/genpoland/eastpr.htm
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| | Duchy of Prussia 1525-1701 (Germany) |
| | Flag of part of Prussia under Polish rule from 1466-1772. | | | In 1466 the state of the Teutonic Order (that part of Prussia not under Polish sovereignty as Royal Prussia) became a Polish vassal. | | | In 1701, Prussia became a kingdom and from then till 1871, it was in a continuous stage of expansion until it came to be by far the largest German state, almost as large as all the others together. |
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http://www.fotw.net/Flags/de-pr525.html
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Mazur |
| | Mazurs are Polish ethnic group from Mazovia (Catholics) or East Prussia (Protestant), the latter often called Masurians in English. | | | During the reformation Masurians - as the whole population of Ducal Prussia - became protestant, while Masovia remained catholic. | | | Between the XIV and XVII centuries, settlers from northern Mazovia moved to former teritories of Old Prussians following their conquest by Teutonic Order. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/M/MA/MAZ/Mazur
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| | PGSA - Other Areas |
| | Royal Prussia, Prusy Krolewskie, was long held directly by the Polish crown; it came under German rule after the First Partition in 1772, when it was officially called West Prussia (Polish Prusy Zachodnie, German Westpreussen). | | | It came under Hohenzollern rule in 1701, and subsequently was called East Prussia (Polish Prusy Wschodnie, German Ostpreussen). | | | Ducal Prussia, Prusy Ksiazece, was territory once ruled by the Teutonic Knights but held by them as a fief of the Polish crown from 1525 to 1657. |
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http://www.pgsa.org/Towns/otherareas.htm
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - Turning Ducal Prussia German |
| | I suspect that such a change would get more people to join the discussion. | | | Generally all the population nees to be taken into account. | | | I'm definitely in favour of Prussia becoming German along with Danzig since both were reasonably strongly German. |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?t=147678
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| | GHIL Seminars - Summer 2005 |
| | Among his most important publications are The German Idea of Militarism: Radical and Socialist Critics, 1866-1914 (1994) and Witnesses of War: Children's Lives Under the Nazis (2005). | | | Among her most recent publications is The Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty (2000). | | | Her main research interests focus on Prussia and its territories, the history of Poland-Lithuania, political thought and ideas in early modern Europe, and the urban history of early modern central Europe. |
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http://www.ghil.ac.uk/seminars/2005_2.html
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| | House laws of Prussia |
| | This page presents an overview of the history of the house of Hohenzollern. | | | After the first partition of Poland (treaty of 18 Sept. 1773) which gave Frederic the Great "royal Prussia" (the part of Prussia hitherto in the kingdom of Poland), his title was changed from "king in Prussia" to "king of Prussia". | | | Ducal Prussia held as a fief of Poland until the treaty of Wehlau (19 Sep 1657). |
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http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/HGPreussen.htm
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| | History of Ostroda - Castles of Poland |
| | Based on Oliva Peace in 1660 Ducal Prussia is no longer a homage of Poland. | | | In 1519 the last war between Poland and Teutonic Order ends, and as a result the city is conquered by Polish army. | | | In 1466 based on Torun Treaty ending Thirteen Years' War, Ostroda becomes a part of West Prussia. |
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http://www.castlesofpoland.com/prusy/ostr_hist_en.htm
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| | Marian Images in Polish History and Culture |
| | Early in the fifteenth century, the new city walls of Vilnius were built. | | | Duchy of Prussia or Ducal Prussia (1525–1657 as a fief of Poland) Note that two Prussias existed beside each other: Royal Prussia was held by the king of Poland, who also was the feudal lord of Ducal Prussia. | | | The Crown of the Polish Kingdom (Poland proper); |
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http://www.bvmc.org/history/marian_images.html
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| | 1656 : search word |
| | End of the war started in 1648 between Poland, Ducal Prussia, Russia and Transylvania. |
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http://www.searchword.org/16/1656.html
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| | Dogpile - Web Search: ducal |
| | Ducal Prussia in the second half of 16th century | | | Supplies a wide range of eyeglass products including sports eyewear and sunglasses, low vision aids, clip on sunglasses, and safety eyewear. | | | Ducal Palace by Luciano Laurana architect, at Urbino, Italy, 1468, in the Great Buildings Online. |
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http://www.dogpile.co.uk/uk.dogpl/search/web/ducal
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| | East-West Cartographics Ltd - Antique Maps and Prints - Maps of Switzerland |
| | [WILKINSON] PRUSSIA “PRUSSIA REGULATED ACCORDING TO THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS, 1791” Single-page map of Prussia [consisting of the provinces of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Danzig, West Prussia and East Prussia (modern day East Germany, northern Poland, and a small portion of the Soviet Union). | | | Kingdom of Prussia (ex-Ducal Prussia) and Polish Prussia (ex-Royal Prussia) also indicated.] Decorative title cartouche. | | | [WILKINSON] POLAND “POLAND WITH ITS DISMEMBRED PROVINCES, DRAWN FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES” Single-page map of Poland including Lithuania, Prussia and Ukraine. |
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http://www.ic-maps.co.uk/NewAdditions.htm
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