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| | German Democratic Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Berlin on October 7, 1949. | | | Thus, on October 3, 1990 the East German population was the first from the Eastern Bloc to join the European Economic Community as a part of the reunified Federal Republic of Germany. | | | Consequent waves of German settlements, which in subsequent centuries later included French Hugenots and Jews, gradually modified the originally Slavic composition of the land, except for the small community of Sorbs in Lusatia, and eventually most of what is now East Germany formed a large part of the historical Kingdom of Prussia. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic
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| | Translated German Cases Institute of Global Law, UCL |
| | The acquisition of German nationality by the complainant in consequence of his acquisition of the citizenship of the German Democratic Republic is not countered by obligations of the Federal Republic of Germany, whether in general international law or through its treaty links with the German Democratic Republic. | | | Nor does it mean that the Federal Republic of Germany is entitled to claim duties on German nationals resulting from this status within the area of sovereignty of the German Democratic Republic. | | | Nor was simultaneous accession by the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic to the United Nations treated by the Federal Government as recognition of the German Democratic Republic. |
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http://www.ucl.ac.uk/laws/global_law/german-cases/print_bverg.shtml?21oct1987
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| | Ten Years of the GDR |
| | The full sovereignty of the GDR was guaranteed in the treaty of 20 September 1955 between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the German Democratic Republic. | | | The German Democratic Republic is a reliable barrier against revanchist German militarism and a significant force for the preservation of peace in Europe. | | | The people of the GDR and the peace-loving democratic forces in all of Germany look with pride on their state, whose international standing is steadily growing because of its big domestic successes and the peaceful policies of its government. |
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http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ddr10.htm
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| | SULAIR: Transnational Poster Art: East Germany and Latin America |
| | GDR propaganda books, describing the nation's identity, political philosophy and foreign policy agenda, openly stated that the GDR was using its foreign policy to gain approval and political clout in the eyes of the Soviet government. | | | In essence, western writers have said that the GDR had little say in how their own country was run, and that the USSR used the East German government as a pawn in carrying out their own foreign policy agenda. | | | Our purpose is to show the GDR's foreign policy towards developing countries during the 1970's and 80's, a foreign policy which the East German government strove to reinforce and legitimize through this popular art form. |
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http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/hasrg/german/exhibit/GDRposters/project.html
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| | Communist state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (1918–1922) founded as a result of the October Revolution by the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic and Labour Party. | | | Republic of Cuba (Cuban Revolution in 1959, socialist state declared in 1961); Communist Party of Cuba | | | They resulted in the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic in 1918, the Bavarian Soviet Republic from November 1918 until May 3, 1919, the Slovak Soviet Republic in 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, and the Persian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1920 to 1921. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_government
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| | East Germany 1949-1990 |
| | The German Communists (officially the Socialist Unity Party), sponsored by the Soviet occupation authorities, formed the German Democratic Republic. | | | The first constitution of the German Democratic Republic (adopted when the GDR was founded) did not mention a flag, just that the national colours were black-red-gold. | | | According to Rabbow 1970 the black-red-gold flag of the German Democratic Republic was adopted 19 March 1949. |
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http://flagspot.net/flags/de-ddr.html
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| | R |
| | bosnia and herzegovina - serb democratic party | | | historical flag c.1998-2003 (christian democratic union, germany) | | | republic of oldenburg 1919-1945 (lower saxony, germany) |
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http://atlasgeo.span.ch/fotw/flags/keywordr.html
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| | Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The party, using its nomenklatura authority, placed its loyalists in leadership positions throughout the government, where they were subject to the norms of democratic centralism. | | | Many republics proceeded to produce legislation contradicting the Union laws in what was known as "The War of Laws." In 1989 Russian SFSR, which was then the largest constituent republic (with about 2/3 of population and territory) convened a Congress of Deputies. | | | The USSR was created and expanded as a union of Soviet republics formed within the territory of the Russian Empire abolished by the Russian Revolution of 1917 followed by the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union
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| | GDR Wall Newspaper Material (1989) |
| | Thälman was the leader of the Communist Party of Germany during the Weimar Republic. | | | The FDGB was the "Free German Trade Union." The medal was given to workers who met their goals. | | | Agitators could cut out what was useful and post it along with material specific to their office or factory. |
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http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/wandzeit.htm
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| | The German Democratic Republic's Declaration on the Anti-Torture Convention and its Consequences: |
| | This makes it clear that the German Democratic Republic regards the "financial declaration" it made on ratification as a mere interpretive declaration and not as a reservation: it interprets the contribution obligations pursuant to Convention Articles 17(7) and 18(5) to mean that a state is responsible only for those implementation activities that it accepts. | | | The reservation made by the German Democratic Republic pursuant to Article 28 is thus wholly consistent with the position expressed by the German Democratic Republic during debate. | | | The German Democratic Republic's Declaration on the Anti-Torture Convention and its Consequences: |
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http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol1/No1/art23.html
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| | East Germany - GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC |
| | On October 7, 1949, the DWK formed a provisional government and proclaimed establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). | | | The middle-class CDU and LDPD were weakened by the creation of two new parties, the National Democratic Party of Germany (NationalDemokratische Partei Deutschlands--NDPD) and the Democratic Peasants' Party of Germany (Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands--DBD). | | | Many former members of the SPD and some communist advocates of a democratic "road to socialism" were purged from the SED. |
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http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-5056.html
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| | Chronology of Abkhazia through August 1999 |
| | Georgian leadership lobbies for international condemnation of alleged ethnic cleansing in Abkhazia as a result of the 199293 war, launching a campaign to bring Ardzinba before the International Court in The Hague on charges of genocide. | | | Georgians accuse the Abkhaz of violating the ceasefire and the UN and Russian Foreign Ministry condemn the Abkhaz action. | | | Gamsakhurdia is deposed in a coup détat and flees Georgia. |
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http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/or/13517.htm
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| | Formation of the German Democratic Republic |
| | Although the German Democratic Republic was constitutionally a parliamentary democracy, decisive power actually lay with the SED and its boss, the veteran communist functionary Walter Ulbricht, who held only the obscure position of deputy premier in the government. | | | In October 1949, following the formation of the Federal Republic, a constitution ratified by the People's Congress went into effect in the Soviet zone, which became the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), with its capital in the Soviet sector of Berlin. | | | Two additional parties, a Democratic Farmers' Party and a National Democratic Party, designed to attract support, respectively, from farmers and from former Nazis, were added with the blessing of the SED. |
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http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/riley/787/DDR/foundation/found.html
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| | Monthly Review: The rise and fall of the German Democratic Republic |
| | The former German Democratic Republic (GDR) was generally regarded as the most economically developed and politically stable country of Eastern Europe. | | | The GDR defined itself as a "developed socialist state," with a democratic constitution, elected assemblies, and authoritative bodies gathered around the leadership of the working class and its party, the SED, but various GDR intellectuals questioned this self-definition. | | | While many GDR citizens expressed their dissent by retreating into a private world, others whom I met hoped for and struggled to create a socialist society. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n11_v43/ai_12126487
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| | The Birth of the German Democratic Republic: German History |
| | - The Birth of the German Democratic Republic | | | The Birth of the German Democratic Republic: German History | | | To demonstrate the SED's claim of responsibility for the political future of all Germans, representatives from the Western zones were invited. |
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http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/history/bl_gdr.htm
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| | Republic of Georgia |
| | In 1918, the Bolsheviks went underground to organize the overthrow of the Social Democratic State of Zhordania. | | | Sokhumi is an important transport junction of the republic; through it pass the Black-Sea railway and an asphalt motor-way, connecting the town with districts of the Georgia and North Caucasus. | | | Surmounting numerous obstacles in the form of rebellious Georgian princes, raiding partyes from the north Caucasus, and Moslem khans of east Caucasia, father and son ruled from 1744 to 1762 over Kartli and Kakheti respectively. |
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http://angelfire.com/ga/georgian/history.html
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| | Footnotes to History- D to F |
| | Faeroe Islands, Republic of the- Inspired by Iceland's declaration of independence in 1944, the North Sea archipelago of the Faeroe Islands seceded from Denmark in September of 1946. | | | East Florida- Inspired by the settler republics of Natchez and West Florida, a group of Anglo-Americans attempted to declare East Florida's independence in 1812. | | | Don, Republic of the- In May 1917, the Cossacks of the Don region declared themselves autonomous, electing the Tsarist general Alexei Kaledin as Ataman, the head of government. |
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http://www.buckyogi.com/footnotes/natdf.htm
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| | Ulbricht and the German Democratic Republic |
| | But he was one of the most important figures in the construction of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and for the history of the post-1945 era in Europe. | | | These included: the Cold War, West German Currency Reform, the Berlin Blockade, the Czech Coup (1948), collapse of Allied cooperation in Germany, and the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) or West Germany. | | | This is the chronology formerly used by GDR historians; it is not the only way to organize East German historical experience. |
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http://www.appstate.edu/~brantzrw/GermanHistory/ulbricht.htm
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| | Political Education in the Former German Democratic Republic - Questia Online Library |
| | A democratic and politically stable Germany is a cornerstone of America's fifty-year defense alliance with Western Europe. | | | The interviews ranged from sessions with two state culture ministers and the CDU education spokesperson in the German Parliament to several state culture ministry officials responsible for political education or for teacher training (or retraining) in their states, school headmasters, and teachers. | | | For the Germans, the five years since reunification have brought challenges of staggering magnitude that were so unanticipated that no contingency plans were in place to meet them. |
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http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=95875305
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| | Amazon.co.uk: The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Republic, 1945-90: Books |
| | The subsequent stabilisation of the GDR and the establishment of an uneasy compromise between the ruling elites and the population in the later 1960s and 1970s are explained with reference to a range of internal social, economic and political factors. | | | The subsequent stabilization of the GDR and the establishment of an uneasy compromise between the ruling elites and the population in the later 1960s and 1970s are explained with reference to a range of internal social, economic and political factors. | | | This new book investigates communist rule in East Germany from its establishment as a sphere of Soviet influence after World War II to its rapid collapse after the fall of the Berlin Wall. |
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http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0582245621
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| | Karl Kautsky: Georgia (Chap.10) |
| | The democratic country, which had expropriated the ground landlords, was a thorn in the side of the Generals of the counter revolution. | | | The Government of the Georgian Republic remained true to this attitude, and whenever an opportunity arose, opposition was offered to foreign intervention. | | | It also showed the shamelessness of the Communists who were never tired of waxing indignant over the terrorism in Georgia, because a few Communist conspirators had sometimes been arrested and condemned to imprisonment, or some Communist newspaper which spread false news had been suspended for a few days. |
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http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1921/georgia/ch06.htm
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| | The History of Georgia |
| | Eduard Shevardnadze obtained an overhelming majority of votes in the elections that followed in October of 1992, and was confirmed as chairman of the Parliament of the Republic of Georgia. | | | Despite the fact that Stalin and his chief of secret police, Beria, were both Georgians, the Georgian people were given no reprieve under their oppressive regime. | | | In 1924, after an attempted uprising led by Georgian Mensheviks, more then 5,000 patriots were executed. |
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http://members.tripod.com/ggdavid/georgia/history.htm
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| | Moldova |
| | The second is the Moldavian national flag which bears the signatures of the personalities who took part to the proclamation of the Republic (27 August 1991). | | | The national flag of the Republic of Moldova - the tricolour - is a rectangular panel consisting of three equal, vertical stripes arranged in the following sequence from the pole: dark-blue (azure), yellow and red. | | | But some territories where Romanians (or Moldavians, actually it is a matter of self-determination of people of Moldova) had been minority were passed to Ukraine (South Bessarabia and Khotin). |
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http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/md.html
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| | Avtandil Menteshashvili - Some national and ethnic problems in Georgia (1918-1922) |
| | Both of the documents were based on distorted facts and events of the recent times. | | | What with tensions created nowadays in our society, the slightest looseness in speech or perversion of facts is fraught with ethnic conflicts that will inevitably strike a fatal blow at the process of democratization of the society. | | | By juggling with facts, they suggest a conclusion that.soon after the October Revolution Georgia occupied and actually annexed Abkhazia and has been since forcing assimilation of the Abkhaz people. |
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http://sisauri.tripod.com/politic/preface.htm
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| | State-Legal Relations Between Abkhazia and Georgia |
| | On 4 March 1921 the authorities of the Georgian democratic republic in Abkhazia were overthrown by the "Kiaraz" detachment of Abkhaz rebels, with the support of Red Army troops of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. | | | Some of this evidence was published in a report by the Procurator General of the Republic of Abkhazia: "Preliminary materials in the investigation of cases of mass murder, genocide and other grave crimes carried out by the Georgian authorities and its armed formations during the period of occupation of Abkhazia in 1992-1993". | | | In accordance with the USSR law of 3 April 1990 "On the issue of Union Republic secession from the USSR", a law which was adopted when Georgia was still part of the USSR, autonomous republics had the right to consider independently whether to remain within the USSR in the case of their Union Republic seceding. |
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http://www.unpo.org/news_detail.php?arg=03&par=715
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| | Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - definition of Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in Encyclopedia |
| | Promising more religious freedom, repairing mosques, presenting copies of the Qur'an to religious groups, invoking the name of Allah in his speeches, and declaring that the Saur Revolution was "totally based on the principles of Islam." Yet many Afghans held Amin responsible for the regime's harshest measures. | | | The three moderate Peshawar parties accepted it, but it was opposed by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Rasool Sayyaf and Mawlawi Yunis Khalis who held out for a total victory over the Kabul government. | | | The UN could not insist that accusations of national culpability were relevant to the negotiations. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan
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| | Vermetel: 08/01/2004 - 08/31/2004 |
| | Opposition will majorly consist of the Democratic Alliance/Demokratiese Alliansie (DA, liberal) and the Iqembu Lenaha Yenkululeko/Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP, ethnic Zulu). | | | The republic is extremely mountainous (nearly 75% is classified as mountains or foothills) and settlement is largely confined to the coast and a number of deep, well-watered valleys. | | | The Republic of South Ossetia is not a territorially contiguous entity. |
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http://vermetel.blogspot.com/2004_08_01_vermetel_archive.html
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| | WikiMiki.net - Bessarab Bulgarians |
| | Moldavian Democratic Republic On April 9, 1918 (old style March 27, 1918): the Bessarabian legislature (Sfatul Ţării) voted in favor of unification with Romania with 86 votes in favor, 3 against and 36 abstentions. | | | The Republic of Moldova is a beautiful small country, situated in the Southeast part of Europe, neighboring Romania to the West and Ukraine to the East. | | | During the Middle Ages the territory of Republic of Moldova (including most of present-day Moldova but also including districts to the north and south, known as Northern Bukovina and Budjak) formed the eastern part of the principality of Moldavia (which, like the present-day republic, was known in Romanian as "Moldova"). |
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http://bessarab.bulgarians.en.wikimiki.net
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| | German Democratic Republic (East Germany) |
| | In the fifteen years following the Second World War over 3 million people emigrated from the German Democratic Republic to Federal Republic of Germany. | | | The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was established in 1949 from the area of Germany occupied by the Soviet Union. | | | The main political figure in the German Democratic Republic was Walter Ulbricht who served as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party (1946-1971) and Chairman of the Council of State (1960-1971). |
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http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWeastGermany.htm
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