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| | East_German |
 | | East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR), German Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), was a Communist state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone of Germany. | | | However, the East German press occasionally reported prosecutions of particularly egregious cases of illegal "second economy" activity, involving what are called "crimes against socialist property" and other activities that are in "conflict and contradiction with the interests and demands of society" (as one report described the situation). | | | East German economists and planners were well aware of the alleged strengths and weaknesses of their system of planned economy. |
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http://www.plasmatvwholesaler.com/search.php?title=East_German
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| | East German Uprising |
| | The years 1949 to 1955 were a period of Stalinization, during which East Germany was politically consolidated as an authoritarian Soviet-style state under SED leadership. | | | The East German People's Police and the Soviet Army suppressed the uprising, in which approximately 500 participants were killed. | | | The 1949 constitution formally established a democratic federal republic and created the States Chamber and the People's Chamber. |
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http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/germany.htm
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| | No. 90-35 |
| | The leading role of the East German CDU should facilitate cooperation with the Kohl government on the many and important practical issues of unifying the two Germanies, e.g., agreement on monetary union and on the rate of conversion between the East German and West German currencies. | | | The election process itself affirmed the desire of the overwhelming majority of the East Germans for genuine democracy and their sense of political identification with the main political parties of West Germany. | | | Recent polls indicate that 91% of the voters in East Germany favor reunification. |
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http://www.security-policy.org/papers/1990/90-35.html
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| | wuerth_andrea |
| | East German legislators and activists -- many of whom objected to this sort of argumentation and continued to endorse self-determination-- were marginalized, peripheral voices in post-unification Germany. | | | To summarize, by mid-1990 as a result of the Christian Democrats' public discursive strategy intended to legitimize the take-over of East Germany-- a dominant discourse based on an undifferentiated condemnation of the East German state--, the boundaries of the "political" were shifted in ways that had a decisive effect on the abortion debate. | | | For a "moment" in German politics-- from late 1989, when the east German state collapsed and the Berlin Wall was opened, to approximately October 1990, when the two German states were unified into one Federal Republic-- a new set of political actors became entered the public sphere. |
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http://www.unc.edu/depts/eucenter/papers/wuerth_andrea.html
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| | CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION IN EAST GERMANY WEALTHY AND WISE FACT FINDER |
| | In 1968, East Germany, along with other members of the Warsaw Pact, invaded Czechoslovakia and deposed Alexander_DubÄek in what came to be known as the Prague_Spring. | | | However, nearly 80% of East Germans were, at least nominally, Protestants, and when the church protested, the government decided to take a different approach to dealing with conscientious objectors. | | | Many people who wished to emigrate from East Germany would do things such as refuse to serve in the NVA to be put on the "black_list" and expelled. |
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http://www.boostmoney.com/Conscientious_objection_in_East_Germany
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| | IALHI News Service: East-German Uprising of 1953 |
| | The East German crisis of 1953, climaxing in the June uprising, was first and foremost an existential crisis for the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and its regime headed by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). | | | On another Soviet "plan" for Germany's future, Beria's alleged proposal to his colleagues simply to sacrifice the GDR in favor of a united, neutral, bourgeois Germany, credible evidence, Ostermann agrees, remains in very short supply. | | | Christian Ostermann has been at the forefront of new research on the East German crisis. |
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http://www.ialhi.org/news/i0204_14.html
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| | Germany/History/GDR/Siegerjustiz/Victor's Justice/DDR/Justiz/Rachejustiz |
| | To blame the East German border regime on the East German system and on those who upheld it alone and to declare the East-West confrontation as totally irrelevant in prosecuting former East German officials is one of the greatest acts of historic revisionism, and a cruel example of Germany's justice system. | | | It is a hateful politically motivated allegation that Gregor Gysi as a lawyer in the GDR cooperated with the East German police to the detriment of his clients. | | | By prosecuting East German communists today the German anti-communists not only play down their historic decency in fighting Nazism (a fact to which most Germans had no claim to) but they also reiterate one of the major "justifications" for the German people's support of Hitler - Hitler's extreme hatred of the communists. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/9362/ss.html
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| | German Constitution: 1949 |
| | This Basic Law, which is valid for the entire German people following the achievement of the unity and freedom of Germany, shall cease to be in force on the day on which a constitution adopted by a free decision of the German people comes into force. | | | The decision on constitutional disputes within a Land may be assigned by a Land law to the Federal Constitutional Court, and the decision of last instance in matters involving the application of Land law, to the higher Federal courts of justice referred to in paragraph (1) of Article 95. | | | The constitutional status and the performance of the constitutional functions of the Federal Constitutional Court and its judges shall not be impaired. |
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http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/docs/german.htm
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| | East Germany 1949-1990 |
| | The first constitution of the German Democratic Republic (adopted when the GDR was founded) did not mention a flag, just that the national colours were black-red-gold. | | | This flag was adopted on 1 October 1959, and continued in use as the flag of East Germany until the reunification of the Germanies on 3 October 1990 [one year after the fall of the Berlin Wall]. | | | After republics were formed in east and west Germany and the use of their black-red-gold flags was authorized, this flag was used less and less and it was finally abandoned in 1952. |
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http://flagspot.net/flags/de-ddr.html
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| | flag of East Germany 1949-1990 flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de |
| | The first constitution of the German Democratic Republic (adopted when the GDR was founded) did not mention a flag, just that the national colours were black-red-gold. | | | This flag was adopted on 1 October 1959, and continued in use as the flag of East Germany until the reunification of the Germanies on 3 October 1990 [one year after the fall of the Berlin Wall]. | | | After republics were formed in east and west Germany and the use of their black-red-gold flags was authorized, this flag was used less and less and it was finally abandoned in 1952. |
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http://www.nationalflaggen.de/flags-of-the-world/flags/de-ddr.html
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| | Anti-Semitism In Germany Today: Its Roots And Tendencies - Susanne Urban |
| | This widespread "victim" trend in Germany needs to be monitored carefully, since in the long run it may lead to a rewriting of the history of WW II and, in the worst case, to a minimization of the Shoah. | | | Although Germany is proud of its well-developed culture of Holocaust remembrance and education, which for many years was seen as a force against anti-Semitism, the latter force has gone weak. | | | The opening lecture was by Werner Stüber of the University of Düsseldorf, who had lived many years in East Jerusalem and taught at Bir Zeit University. |
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http://www.jcpa.org/phas/phas-urban-f04.htm
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| | Treuhandanstalt |
| | Considering the special situation, and in order to protect the whole of the East German economy, article 9,3 of the West German Constitution should not have been immediately expanded to the new Lander. | | | While other East European countries in transition have as main objectives to establish monetary stability with a convertible currency, an institutional infrastructure, and the adjustment of the economy, especially on the enterprise level, East Germany took over with the unification a hard currency and the institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany. | | | Conscious about the particularity of underemployment in the GIDR economy and the consequently necessity to lay off a large part of the labor force, the East German employers allowed wages to rise as much as possible to benefit from high unemployment payments. |
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http://www.fatemi.com/CONFERENCES/treuhandanstalt.html
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| | BBC NEWS World Europe Q&A: EU - myths and realities |
| | Paul Reynolds, BBC News Online world affairs correspondent, looks at some of the myths and realities of the constitution. | | | There is already a "high representative" for foreign policy and although the new post will be bigger in that it will bring in the role of the external affairs commissioner, the foreign minister will be able to speak for the EU only to the extent that there is an agreed policy. | | | The aim though will be to have as much agreement as possible, as happened over the Middle East roadmap where all are agreed and it is a common EU policy. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3825521.stm
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| | Germany - encyclopedia article about Germany. |
| | The Soviet-supported East Germany, by contrast, became one of the most repressive of the communist satellite states of the Warsaw Pact. | | | The territory of Germany stretches from the high mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,962 m) in the south to the shores of the North Sea in the north-west and the Baltic Sea in the north-east. | | | Germany is a constitutional federal republic, whose political system is laid out in the 1949 constitution called Grundgesetz (Basic Law). |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Germany
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| | Berlin, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Bonn, Erlangen, Frankfurt am Main, Freiburg, Göttingen, Hamburg, Leipzig, Marburg an der Lahn, Munich, Tübingen |
| | From 1968 through 1989 East Germany was governed under a constitution that defined the country as a sovereign socialist state in which all political power was exercised by the working people. | | | After the Communist government of East Germany collapsed in 1989, the Socialist Unity party, which had long dominated East Germany's political life, reconstituted itself as the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) and contested the elections of 1990 and 1994. | | | West Germany became a leading economic world power in the 1970s and 1980s, and East Germany was a leader among Warsaw Pact economies. |
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http://www.italysoft.com/bandiere/en/germany
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| | BIGpedia - Germany - Encyclopedia and Dictionary Online |
| | The Soviet-supported East Germany, by contrast, became one of the most repressive of the communist satellite states of the Warsaw Pact under the governments of Walter Ulbricht and Erich Honecker in East Berlin. | | | The territory of Germany stretches from the high mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,962 m) in the south to the shores of the North Sea in the north-west and the Baltic in the north-east. | | | Figures for the genocide in the East remain controversial and diverging, but the figure of 6 million deaths of Jews who lost their lives in the death camps of the Holocaust was established. |
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http://www.bigpedia.com/encyclopedia/Germany
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| | PRUSSIA - LoveToKnow Article on PRUSSIA |
| | , From 1867 onward Prussia has had from the point of view of international politics no existence apart from the North German Federation and the German Empire; and even in internal affairs her preponderance and influence Prussia in in Germany have been overwhelming. | | | Prussias position required caution, but forced upon it a national German policy; and the situation of the new lands was vastly more effectual in determining the future leader of Germany than was Austrias aggrandisement in Italy. | | | In the elections that followed, the disgusted democrats took no part, with the result that the chambers that met an the 7th of August 1849 were strongly Conservative and made no difficulty about revising the democratic constitution of 1848 in accordance with the royal wishes. |
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http://93.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PR/PRUSSIA.htm
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| | German Unification |
| | But German unification was more than a mere incorporation of the former German Democratic Republic into the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. | | | The makers of German unification pursued one overriding goal: all the effort they put, all the measures they took, and all the ideas they had within the framework of GEMSU they aimed at adjusting the standard of living in the East to that of the West. | | | With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the peaceful annexation of the East, German politicians became accountable for the restoration of justice. To enter the process of democratization under the burden of expropriation was inconceivable. |
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http://www.fatemi.com/CONFERENCES/prey1.html
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| | BIGpedia - German reunification - Encyclopedia and Dictionary Online |
| | The other choice would have been for East Germany to join as a whole along the lines of a formal union between two German states that then would have had to, amongst other things, create a new constitution for the new founded country. | | | The democratic government of the Federal Republic of Germany and its NATO allies at first did not recognize the German Democratic Republic or the Peoples Republic of Poland, per the Hallstein Doctrine. | | | The primary cause of this was the severe weakness of the East German economy, especially vis-à-vis the West German economy, combined with a (politically motivated) conversion rates from East German Mark to the Deutschmark that did not reflect this economical reality, resulting in a very sudden (usually fatal) loss of competitiveness of East German industries. |
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http://www.bigpedia.com/encyclopedia/German_reunification
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| | Germany - Free Encyclopedia |
| | The German language and the feeling of "Germanhood" go back more than a thousand years, but the state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in 1871 in Versailles, when the German Empire, dominated by Prussia, was forged excluding Austria that was to remain a multi-ethnic empire for another 50 years. | | | On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Head of Government, and by the Enabling Act on March 23, 1933, a wide majority of the parliament disbanded the constitution of the Weimer Republic. | | | Germany is a constitutional federal democracy, whose political system is laid out in the 1949 'constitution' called Grundgesetz (Basic Law). |
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http://www.wacklepedia.com/g/ge/germany_2.html
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| | Germany |
| | West German chancellor Willy Brandt, winner of a Nobel Peace Prize for his foreign policies, was forced to resign in 1974 when an East German spy was discovered to be one of his top staff members. | | | The mass of Germans regarded the Weimar Republic as a child of defeat, imposed on a Germany whose legitimate aspirations to world leadership had been thwarted by a world conspiracy. | | | The Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed on May 23, 1949, with its capital at Bonn. |
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http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0107568.html
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| | BBC NEWS World Europe Country profiles Timeline: Germany |
| | Millions of people of all ages, mostly Jews but also large numbers of Gypsies, Slavs and other races, the disabled and homosexuals, die in the Holocaust as the Nazis implement an extermination policy in the death camps of eastern Europe. | | | The US, French and British zones in the west become the Federal Republic of Germany; the Soviet zone in the east becomes the communist German Democratic Republic. | | | Beginning of the Weimar Republic, based on a new constitution. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1053880.stm
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| | German Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Following the incorporation of the Catholic states in the south and the former Polish lands in the east, Catholicism, represented by the Catholic Centre Party, was seemingly the principal threat to Bismarck's military-aristocratic Prussian nationalism, because Catholics were perceived as having loyalty to Pope over the state. | | | Japan issued a commission in 1882 to study various governmental structures throughout the world and were particularly impressed by Bismarck's Germany, issuing a constitution in 1889 that formed a premiership with powers analogous to Bismarck's position as chancellor with a cabinet responsible to the emperor alone. | | | This enabled the German Socialists and the Catholic Centre Party to play remarkable roles in the empire's political life, although both parties were officially regarded more or less as "foes of the empire". |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/german_empire
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| | Germany 10 from Hospitality North, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada |
| | Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), state in western Germany, bounded on the north by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, on the east by the states of Hesse and Baden- Württemberg, on the south by France and the state of Saarland, and on the west by Luxembourg and Belgium. | | | In 1948 and 1949 the constitution of the state of West Germany was drafted in Bonn, which was chosen as the seat of the newly created state. | | | The capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990, it remained the seat of government after Germany's 1990 unification, while Berlin was chosen as the national capital. |
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http://www3.bc.sympatico.ca/hospitalitynorth/germany9.htm
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| | Reich Colonial League (Germany) |
| | This is the flag of the Reichskolonialbund, a Nazi Party organization devoted to the recovery of Germany's African colonies. | | | But it has a remarkable resemblance with the flag of the Deutsch-Ostafrikanischen Gesellschaft (German East Africa Company), although I am not sure the canton is red (the photo was in black and white). | | | As a related side issue, there is some evidence that Germany offered a deal to South Africa to keep South Africa out of the war by promising her Rhodesia and other British territories in the event of Britain's defeat. |
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http://flagspot.net/flags/de}rkb.html
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| | Federal Republic of Germany |
| | In 1949, the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) abolished the death penalty. | | | Germany has twenty-four or more political parties, including the Animal Welfare Party, the German Communist Party, the Green Party, and a party that some call neo-fascist: the NPD (Nationalist Party of Germany). | | | The death penalty remained in Communist East Germany, the former German Democratic Republic, until 1987. |
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http://www.fsmitha.com/world/germany.htm
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