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| | Chinese spoken language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Xianghua 鄉話/乡话: spoken in a small strip of land in western Hunan, this is a group of dialects that have not been conclusively classified. | | | Danzhou dialect 儋州話/儋州话: spoken in Danzhou, Hainan, this is a dialect that has not yet been put into any category. | | | Historically, many of the people who promoted Chinese nationalism were from southern China and did not natively speak the national standard language. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_spoken_language
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| | Yuen Ren Society 1999 Annual Conference |
| | Guh's scholarly legacyhas been celebrated in two different dimensions: his Confucian "statecraft" thought appealed to early Chinese nationalists for its implicitly anti-Manchu principles, while his phonological studies are widely credited as having opened new directions in philological method which strongly influenced development of the dominant scholarly trend, known as "evidential studies", during the mid-Ching period. | | | This presentation is a report on an ongoing research project dealing with Varo's "Vocabulario," an unpublished Spanish-Chinese lexicon which is one of the earliest dictionaries of spoken Guan1hua4, the koine or lingua franca used in China during Ming2 and Qing1 times. | | | In Guh's view, only Chinese who lacked proper consciousness of their truecultural heritage could collaborate with the alien Manchus. |
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http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~rsimmon/YRS99.htm
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| | EthnoMed: Chinese Language Profile |
| | The primary language of these multiple ethnic groups is a Chinese dialect. | | | Many of the immigrants have adopted to learn the Cantonese dialect but some speak only Toisanese. | | | More recently, Toisan people continue to immigrate to the States for improved economic opportunity. |
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http://ethnomed.org/ethnomed/cultures/chinese/chin_lang.html
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| | Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks 3 |
| | Informative website on dialects of Chinese, maintained by James Campbell at Glossika, and is part of his Linguistic Reference Materials on Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc. (UTF-8) | | | Links to an archive of linguistics papers (contributions welcome); an archive of speech samples for Chinese dialects; and an archive of linguistics software; maintained by students in the Website Management Programme at CUHK. | | | Annual meetings are held in conjunction with the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). |
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http://chinalinks.osu.edu/c-links3.htm
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| | Chinese Translation Services - translate Chinese Translator |
| | Personal names were romanized according to individual wishes, however, and place-names followed the nonsystematic spellings of the Chinese Post Office. | | | The U. government, many scholarly publications, and newspapers such as the New York Times have also adopted the Pinyin system, as has the Funk and Wagnall's New Encyclopedia. | | | This is a discussion of the language of the Chinese, or Han, people, the majority ethnic group of China, including both the People's Republic of China and Taiwan. |
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http://www.chinesetranslationusa.com
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| | Dialects |
| | Mandarin is the most-spoken Chinese dialect in the world (about 885 million) and it is also one of the five official languages in the United Nations. | | | Grimes (1996), there seem to be 13 different mainstream Chinese dialects. | | | This might due to the fact that in the ancient time, the southern part of China was regarded as a land of barbarians, as the occupants were not civilized. |
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http://www.fi.muni.cz/usr/wong/teaching/chinese/notes/node12.html.iso-8859-1
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| | Chinese. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | The Communist government adopted and simplified the Beijing dialect of Mandarin as the basis for a national language, renaming it putonghua [generally understood speech]. | | | It has several dialects and is spoken as a first language by some 835 million people in central and N China, as well as Taiwan, claiming more native speakers than any other language. | | | Chinese comprises a number of variants; those that are mutually unintelligible are considered separate languages by some linguists but are classed among the many dialects of Chinese by others. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/ch/Chinese.html
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| | [Wikipedia-l] Wikipedia in Chinese dialects |
| | But I just do not believe we need to suppress minor dialects to achieve the goal. | | | Chinese are so accustomed to writing in a common language they never speak that some do oppose writing in their own dialect. | | | It is not as you wrote that only those who do not speak > the language oppose the proposal. |
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http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-February/037233.html
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| | Chinese Writing System (4): A bridge between dialects |
| | It is still possible to find older dialect speakers in China who can read and write standard Chinese perfectly but have difficulty speaking Mandarin. | | | Unfortunately, this is not the model of Chinese that is envisioned by the Chinese government. | | | This phenomenon is much less evident on the Mainland, where most TV and radio broadcasts are in Mandarin. |
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http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writsys/dial.html
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| | Difference between Cantonese and Mandarin |
| | Therefore to say that Cantonese is an slang form of Mandarin, a local corruption--as is implied by Chinese linguistic policy and prevailing terminology--is not only biased but misleading. | | | Note: there are some non-Unicode Chinese characters in this document. | | | The Chinese language has developed in such a way that a handful of regional dialect groups have formed. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/~sngai/cant-mandarin.htm
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| | Chinese language and dialects from ALS International |
| | The paper reported a case in which David Wong, the defendant, an illegal immigrant who knew only Fukkianese was given a Mandarin interpreter who didn't know Fukkianese. | | | With the help of such an interpreter, this defendant still had no idea what was being said! | | | Traditional Chinese is still widely used throughout Asia and among Chinese populations around the world, while simplified Chinese is virtually universal in the People's Republic of China. |
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http://www.alsintl.com/languages/chinese.htm
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| | Spoken Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese, Taiwanese, etc) |
| | Mandarin is spoken by possibly more people than any other language: over 1 billion. | | | Dungan is spoken by the Muslim Hui people in China, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. | | | The major varieties of Chinese are mutually unintelligible, but most people in China and Taiwan who don't speak Mandarin as their first language, can speak or at least understand it a bit. |
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http://www.omniglot.com/writing/chinese_spoken.htm
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| | Chinese and its Dialects |
| | Similarly, the Singapore government &endash; seeking to unify descendants of Chinese refugees from many parts of China &endash; in 1979 launched its “Speak Mandarin Campaign” to assure a common spoken dialect for its ethnic Chinese citizens. | | | This page is part of other pages on China and the Chinese language. | | | In Chinese, there are several terms for the language, and, not suprisingly, some of the differences are political: |
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http://www.cob.sjsu.edu/west_j/Asia/Dialects.html
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| | Chinese |
| | Chinese students claim to have been harassed by Kagawa Univ. prof+ (Kyodo World News Service) | | | Chinese comprises a number of variants; those that are mutually unintelligible are considered separate languages by some linguists but are classed among the many dialects of Chinese by others. | | | Chinese astronauts board craft ahead of launch (Agence France Presse English) |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0811908.html
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| | Chinese Dialects FAQ |
| | A: This site is not all inclusive and I've only included what I can find from my references. | | | This is apparent between the main American and British dialects of English. | | | This caused these syllables to be lengthened, and with time they adopted one of the other tones. |
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http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/faq.htm
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| | Linguistics, Languages and Chinese Dialects |
| | The effects of the Mongol Yuan and Manchu Qing invasions on Chinese speech appear to be not very large. | | | As the Chinese speaking people spread from the Central Plains, they intermarried with and assimilated the locals in the South, who might have spoken a Thai-Zhuang language. | | | This is reflected most prominently in the loss of p,t,k endings (which correspond to Ru Sheng) in the main Chinese group. |
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http://weekly.china-forum.org/CCF94/ccf9443-4.html
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| | Chinese Cultural Studies: The Chinese Language and Alphabet |
| | The Sinitic languages are spoken by over 1,000 million people. | | | Speaker estimates for Tibetan are very uncertain, largely because of the inflluence of Chinese in recent years; but a figure of 34 million seems likely. | | | There are nearly 300 languages in the Tibeto- Burman family, and these have been classified in several different ways. |
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http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chinlng2.html
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| | Yin & Yang and the I Ching |
| | This was also the name of the Kingdom of Wu, one of the states of the Three Kingdoms Period in Chinese history. | | | None of those languages is even related to Chinese, but since mediaeval, or even modern, Koreans, Vietnamese, and Japanese often wrote in Chinese, without, however, really speaking the language, their own renderings of the characters was customary. | | | These existed in T'ang Chinese, but have been lost in Mandarin. |
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http://www.friesian.com/yinyang.htm
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| | Chinese Language and Dialects - Chinese Culture |
| | This was the language used by the people who ruled China through the last dynasty, the Manchurian. | | | Within the Mandarin dialect, there are a variety of variations that change the sound of the words to being "softer" or "harder", very similar to how people in Boston drop their "r"s and people in Texas tend to roll their words more. | | | In fact, some have argued that there really is more than one language contained under the umbrella of Chinese. |
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http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art30077.asp
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| | Chinese Computing Information |
| | Chinese communities in the United States, Britain, Australia, Singapore and elsewhere often speak one of these forms at home. | | | As part of the of the simplification, several Traditional Characters were collapsed into one character in Simplified. | | | This publication is available in alternate media upon request. |
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http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/bylanguage/chinese.html
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| | Chinese Dialects |
| | This course will survey the major Chinese dialects, their modern forms, their geographical distribution, and their history, from their earliest discernible origins to the present. | | | Introduction to the Chinese dialects and their description with an emphasis on their relationships, historical origins, and development from earliest evidence of diversity to the present. | | | Special attention will also be paid to questions of how social history, geography, and population movement affect dialect history. |
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http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~rsimmon/chi425syl.htm
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| | Language |
| | This section is a collection of notes of my own experience and thoughts about the Hakka dialect and other language/dialectss. | | | Chinese language is one of the most spoken languages in the world (See World Language and Population) and Hakka is one of the five major spoken languages(dialects) in mainland China with the following breakdown: (Journal of Asia and African Studies, No. 24, 1982) | | | It is believed to be the official tongue for the Middle Kingdom prior to the immigration of the northern tribes of Xiongnu, Turkistan, Liao2, Jin1, Yuan2, and Manchurian. |
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http://www.asiawind.com/hakka/language.htm
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| | Chinese Dialects |
| | Chinese is in one sense a single language because, generally, any two places speaking two different dialects of it can be linked by a chain of adjacent immediate places all of which understand their immediate neighbors without difficulty. | | | This map is the work of Paul Kratochvil, a Czech scholar who studied the problem in China during the 1950s. | | | Looked at very close to, however, it is a baffling mosaic of sub dialects in which, for example, the speech of Baoding is markedly different from that of Beijing less than a hundred miles away. |
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http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Culture/language-dialects.html
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| | Chinese Language Page |
| | Dialects usually refer to "regional forms of a language." However, many of the regional variants which are commonly referred to as "dialects" of the Chinese language are more different from one another than French is from Spanish or Norwegian is from Swedish! | | | Below are some figures for different "dialect groups" in China: | | | One thing that makes the Chinese dialect situation unique -- that is different from the situation confronting speakers of French and Spanish or Norwegian and Swedish -- concerns the fact that all speakers who are literate share a common written language. |
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http://www.uni.edu/becker/chinese.html
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| | How Many Chinese Dialects Are There? |
| | But the question is even sticker than that, because South and Central China have a number of what are sometimes called "dialect groups" that are radically different from each other, and from the language of North China. | | | So the short answer to your question is that we at the Yuen Ren Society aren't really sure how many Chinese dialects there are. | | | These dialect groups (Yue, Min, Hakka, Wu, among the largest and best known) are arguably separate languages, and all have their own dialects, many of which are mutually unintelligible. |
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http://www.geocities.com/yuenrensociety/howmanydialects.html
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| | Learn Chinese :: Chinese Course |
| | With all Chinese dialects sharing one writing system of over 40,000 symbols - of which you have to study at least 3,000 in order to be considered literate! | | | Other Chinese Courses: Chinese and work experience (Beijing) and Group Chinese Courses in the UK (London). | | | of the world speaks some form of Chinese as its native language, making it the language with the most native speakers? |
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http://www.cactuslanguage.com/en/languages/chinese.php
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| | Chinese “Dialects” |
| | Why then are they referred to (especially by Chinese) “dialects”? | | | By this strict criterion, many of the so-called dialects should really be considered languages. | | | All Chinese languages share the same writing system using characters, which can be read by all literate Chinese speakers. |
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http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/chinese/aspect/languagedialect.html
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| | Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks - ChinaLinks.osu.edu |
| | This website has annotated links to over six hundred China- and Chinese language and linguistics-related websites (and a few ftp and gopher sites). | | | Please do not write to request assistance with translating materials into (or from) Chinese, or with looking for information and compiling that for you, etc. And please don't write in hopes of having someone else do your research for you, or give you answers to take-home exams, assignments, and other coursework. | | | For example, copy and paste into the search box in the Web Search (near the bottom of the page) the heading of the link to search "with the exact phrase", by using quotation marks around the phrase to be searched (e.g., "Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks"). |
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http://chinalinks.osu.edu
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| | Marjorie Chan's Home Page [Ohio State University] |
| | Established in 1962, the Chinese Language Teachers Association, Inc. (CLTA) is a professional organization devoted to the study of Chinese language, culture, and pedagogy. | | | If you are a prospective graduate student in some other department at The Ohio State University, do not email me with unsolicited attachments and requests for GA/GRships. | | | Since the 1990's, computer technology and Chinese computing have been integral parts of coursework in the Chinese linguistics courses that I teach. |
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http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9
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| | CHINA BOOKS: Chinese Dialects: Cantonese |
| | This is an easy to use reference pocket-sized book for Cantonese learners and tourists. | | | This book is designed for tourists and business professionals who are planning to travel to Hong Kong and would like to pick up a few Chinese words before they depart. | | | Through the use of common public signs, building names, subway stations and street names, the reader is able to learn the meaning and pronunciation of words, along with extra vocabulary. |
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http://www.chinabooks.com.au/language/lndia_2.htm
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