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| | Language and Empire |
 | | Officially, the responsibility for Christianizing and Castilianizing the Indians was relegated to the encomendero. | | | Some scholars claim that there were as many as 1,000 languages spoken in the Americas at the time of Columbus' arrival. | | | Heath notes that "Resorting to the Inquisition to help purge the kingdom of Jewish and Arab influence, Isabella began a program of religious nationalization which later monarchs carried on toward identification of Catholicism with Castilianization." <31> The tradition was extended to the Americas. |
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http://www.loyno.edu/history/journal/1995-6/rosa.htm
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| | Spanishkid Serious Issues - LANGUAGES IN SPAIN |
| | Ashkenazim Jews used to speak Yiddish; a Jewish language/dialect based on the German language, whereas Sephardic Jews did not. | | | Was already in use in the former Kingdom of León during the Middle Ages. | | | As a consequence of French colonisation, many Arab countries have French as the co-official or second language. |
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http://www.spanishkid.org/si-languages.html
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| | Cristobal Colon, de Ibiza y criptojudío - "El Colongate" |
| | They also claim that the fact that Columbus used numerous placenames taken from the coasts of Ibiza and Formentera to name geographical features in the Caribbean is not significant and in no way proves Columbus’s connection to Ibiza, while, in fact, quite the opposite is true, because typonimy is a science, a branch of history. | | | Each of them will carry on fighting in their own corner, and it must be remembered that in Spain there are those who claim that Columbus was from Galicia, Extremadura, Asturias, Valencia or Toledo. | | | Puntero (wind coming from the prow) appeared in Castilian in his fourth voyage in 1503. |
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http://www.cristobalcolondeibiza.com/eng/eng08.htm
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| | LANGRTS |
| | Some apparently felt that the Native Americans did not have language at all, or believed that their speech was not comparable to European languages. | | | Yet French, the parole of their former colonial masters, is the official language. | | | This, in turn, has led to charges from Russians living in those countries that now their language is being discriminated against! |
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http://www.languageandlaw.org/LANGRTS.HTM
(10611 words)
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| | Euromosaic - Galician (Gallego) in Spain |
| | According to the 1991 census, 2,421,102 persons above the age of three could speak Galician (91% of the total), while 1,322,937 people could read it (50%) and 923,441 were able to write it (35% of the total, and 73% of young people aged 11 to 14). | | | Like the other non-Castilian languages, Galician was subjected to rigorous repression under the Franco regime. | | | As far as the regional Government is concerned, debates in the Galician Parliament are mainly conducted in Galician, and members of the Government use Galician at numerous public events. |
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http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/document/gallec/an/i1/i1.html
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| | Department of Foreign Languages, Salem State College: Jon Aske |
| | But its spread is due primarily to the predominant role Castile had in the reconquest of the Iberian peninsula from the "moors" (Arab and north-African Islamic peoples) during the middle ages, as well as the conquest of the Americas which immediately followed. | | | Portugal eventually followed suit and came to "colonize" what is now Brazil, leaving the rest to Spain (or, rather, Castile, since the discovery was primarily a Castilian affair, with the other major kingdom of the "confederation", Aragon -- of which Catalonia and Valencia were part--, being left out of it). | | | Castilian, the hegemonic form of Romance in Spain and the language of the Castilian conquerors, also became the hegemonic language of their American empire. |
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http://www.lrc.salemstate.edu/aske/spanishworld.htm
(3611 words)
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| | Spain - ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGE - Government Policies |
| | Under the best of circumstances, the representation of such complexity in Spanish society and politics will present a major challenge to the country's political elites and opinion leaders through the 1990s. | | | Until 1975 Spain's policy toward its ethnic minorities was more highly centralized and unifying than that of its neighbor, France, where a liberal democratic framework allowed private-sector initiatives to keep regional cultures and languages alive. | | | The regional parliaments and governments, as well as most other institutions of government, were bilingual in theory if not in practice. |
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http://countrystudies.us/spain/36.htm
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| | Romance languages of Spain |
| | 'Ladino' is the Castilian speech of the expelled Jews. | | | Hispanic Romance languages (except Mozarabic) were born in the North of the Peninsula and extended southwards along with the occupation by Christian kingdoms of lands formerly in hands of the Muslim. | | | Outside Spain, Catalonian is also spoken in Rossillon (France) and at Alghero, a city in the island of Sardinia. |
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http://www.geocities.com/msanzledesma/rom_i1.htm
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| | Castilian Spanish and the History of Spanish Language |
| | Arabic and a related dialect called Mozarabic came to be widely spoken in Islamic Spain except in a few remote Christian kingdoms in the North such as Asturias, where Vulgar Latin survived. | | | Alfonso X also adopted Castilian for administrative work and all official documents and decrees. | | | He and his court of scholars adopted the city of Toledo, a cultural center in the central highlands, as the base of their activities. |
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http://www.trustedtranslations.com/castilian_spanish.asp
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| | SPANISH LITERATURE |
| | For political reasons, it is considered a language in its own right. | | | Until 1492, it was quite usual to see Jewish communities in Hispania, which maintained their customs as well as their language at the time of writing books. | | | At the beginning of the 16th century, The Catholic kings asserted that Castilian was to be the principal language in Spain. |
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http://www.spanisharts.com/books/literature/literature.htm
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| | U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Spain: Legislation |
| | Establishment of the Highest Council that comprises of scientific experts on the subject which shall guarantee its objectivity, independence and efficiency. | | | In case that language discrepancy occurs among interested parties involved, procedure is carried out in Castilian, documents and testimonies are elaborated in languages selected by the parties. | | | Official files and documents of local corporations in co-official zones may be worked out in Castilian or any co-official language or languages. |
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http://www.us-english.org/foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=31&LID=159
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| | Welcome to Linguaphone Malaysia |
| | It is the mother tongue of some 320 million people scattered throughout the world – in the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, in parts of Morocco and the west coast of Africa. | | | This is shown in the language which was spoken in the 8th and 9th centuries. | | | Germanic and Arabic have left their mark on the Spanish language as words like ‘guerra’ – war and ‘algebra’ – maths can both be traced back to their respective Germanic and Arabic origins. |
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http://www.lotuslearning.com/lotus_synergy/htm/lispanish.htm
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| | Kristen Razy Hansen |
| | Positive strides were not taken, however, without opposition. | | | Castilian became known as the language of the upper class and as such, also had the support of the Church. | | | In researching the historical background of the Catalan language, it’s been interesting to see that much of the change it has undergone has been due to political and leadership issues in Spain, and hence, in Catalonia itself. |
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http://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/ling450ch/reports/catalan.htm
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| | Spanish language: Information From Answers.com |
| | It is the native language of over 17 million people in the United States, and is one of the official languages of the United Nations. | | | The consonantal system of Medieval Spanish has been better preserved in Ladino, the language spoken by the descendants of the Sephardic Jews who were expelled from Spain in the 15th century. | | | It is spoken as a first language by about 352 million people, or by 417 million including non-native speakers (according to 1999 estimates). |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/spanish-language
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| | don Quijote Interviews |
| | You have asserted that Spanish is in the hands of the people who speak it. | | | This so-called Spanglish, which varies enormously, is far from being a structured language, although without a doubt Spanglish terms and expressions of Spanglish can become part of the language of some regions or be exported to other regions. | | | Do you believe that the age of language education in person, with books, will continue for years to come, or do you believe the contrary: that its days are counted? |
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http://www.donquijote.org/interview.asp
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| | history |
| | This language was spoken in the Kingdoms of León and Castilla during the Middle Ages. | | | The multicultural nature of this land is best represented by Alfonso X el Sabio ("The Wise One"), who surrounded himself with Christian, Jewish and Muslim scientists and sages who collaborated on literary and scientific works and thus contributed to the enrichment of the Castilian language. | | | Rioja's focal role in the development of Castilian would be further consolidated by Gonzalo de Berceo, a Riojan churchman who, two centuries after the Glosas were written, became the first known poet to write in Castilian and who was one of the main promoters of the language as a vehicle for culture. |
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http://www.riojainternet.com/NetWine/prenrioja/ingles/numero10/history.html
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| | Extremaduran language: Information From Answers.com |
| | Only in Asturias (where the language was born) had the people conscience of speaking a language, different from Castilian; but even there only some authors used it in their writings. | | | Born in Salamanca, he lived most of his life in the north of Cáceres, Extremadura. | | | There are also attempts to transform the southern Castilian dialects ("castuo", as Luis Chamizo named it) into a language, what makes even harder to defend the real language and makes it easier for the administration to reject co-officiality and normalisation of the Extremaduran. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/extremaduran-language
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| | [No title] |
| | The allocation of the language to vehicular in the first education in Catalonia is made without the Generalitat knows (because it does not want to know) the language habitual the students and without in case or moment some asks the parents for the language in which they must receive his children education. | | | This simple reasoning ruined any attempt to deny the evidence of the breach by the Generalitat of the prescribed thing in the same Law of Linguistic Policy. | | | The educative model at the moment implanted in Catalonia, of that the linguistic projects of the centers are explaining is maintained therefore, in the discrimination of the students of Castilian language, with the consequent vulneración of the right to the free development of its personality. |
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http://www.convivenciacivica.org/sentencia/contenidos2.html
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| | [No title] |
| | In the late 15th century it became the official language of the unified Kingdom of Spain. | | | The standard language however evolved in a rather specific way and since the 15th century its users in Central Spain (Castilla Nueva or New Castile) were yet inclined to regard the speech of Old Castile as rustic and archaic. | | | The region then was part of the boundary belt with the Muslims (Moors) and in order to have a firm hold of it the Christians were building a lot of castles there--from where the name Castile, meaning "land of castles", was derived. |
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http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Spanish-Castilian/Castilian.htm
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| | Chapter 8: Honored Citizens of Barcelona |
| | Uniting these arguments was a belief in the power of speech to distinguish the "vulgar" from "noble men of letters." The "civil conversation" of the educated noble evidenced itself not only in the content of his address but also in its form. | | | Guillem de Santcliment, also an honored citizen of Barcelona, had little use for his native language during his many years in the diplomatic service. | | | The earlier period witnessed not only the publication of numerous political tracts in Catalan, but also the singular initiative of the poet Francesch Fontanella, who attempted to revive imaginative literature in that language. |
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http://libro.uca.edu/amelang/hcb8.htm
(7413 words)
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| | Spanish language -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! |
| | Romance language spoken in Spain and in large parts of the New World. | | | According to archaeological and historical evidence, the original languages were probably spoken in a small area in the southern Peruvian highlands until about 1450; after that their geographical range was rapidly enlarged by the Inca conquests. | | | The dialect spoken in these areas is usually Castilian, and Castellano is the name used for the language in some Latin American countries. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9379227?tocId=9379227&query=Castilian&ct=
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| | Analysis: Spaniards fight over language - (United Press International) |
| | Hachen, a professor of ethno-linguistics at the National University of Rosario, said most of those attending the counter-conference intended to boycott the official one. | | | A recent criticism of the official conference issued by a group of academics in Barcelona said that "to designate Castilian as the Spanish language is a provocation for the peoples that have suffered and still suffer from its imposition." | | | Ranged against this august body is a group of Latin American and Spanish academics and representatives of non-governmental organizations who plan to hold a counter-conference in the same city two days earlier. |
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http://www.washtimes.com/upi-breaking/20041025-043213-6481r.htm
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| | BUG - Backpackers Guide to Spanish language |
| | It is the first language in most parts of the country including the capital, Madrid and its surrounding region and the historic cities of Andalucía. | | | If you are going to take time to learn one of Spain's languages, then this is the one to study as it is one of the world's most widely spoken. | | | Spanish is useful in other parts of Spain where Basque, Catalan or Galician is spoken. |
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http://www.bugeurope.com/essentials/spanish.html
(192 words)
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| | This Cultural Route discovers the Cradle of the Castilian Spanish and its evolution. |
| | The Spanish language is now the 4th language in the world, spoken by more than 400 million people. | | | This Cultural Route discovers the Cradle of the Castilian Spanish and its evolution. | | | Inside the church, whose construction ended in the 16th century, we find the choir and a rococo sacristy. |
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http://www.maravillas.es/rutasculturales/ing/ruta12.html
(1351 words)
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| | Language Browser: Castilian |
| | This page contains a list of interesting reports based around the 1 titles in the IMDb with Castilian dialogue. | | | The form below allows you to search the database for titles with Castilian dialogue only. | | | The A-Z index enables you to browse the titles alphabetically. |
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http://us.imdb.com/Sections/Languages/Castilian
(83 words)
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