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| | The Carolingian Economy |
 | | But whether it was a Carolingian creature or not, the manor is a lordly creation, and to focus on it (and its characteristic documents, the polytptychs) suggests that what mattered in the Carolingian economy were the choices and strategies of the elite. | | | The Carolingian Economy is an extremely useful compendium, orderly and deft in its presentation of a remote period's economics. | | | Had Verhulst considered ecological variables more carefully, he could have deepened his discussion of Carolingian regionalism and (through climatology) discussed the Carolingian economic moment without ascribing so much agency to Carolingian elites. |
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http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/0626.shtml
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| | Carolingian Arms and Armor in the Ninth Century |
| | The ornament on the nasal, which Hejdova believed to be early Carolingian, is in fact consistent with the dating of the rest of the helmet. | | | Paulsen cited the remains of straps wrapped around the base of spear sockets,203 while Stein referred to the presence of what appeared to be lance shoes in graves which did not contain spearheads. | | | Count Eccard of Macon also left a "spata indica" in his will, and the fact that the same individual who received this sword was also bequeathed "tabulas saraciniscas," perhaps of ivory or silver, reinforces the belief that a spata |
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http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/coupland.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | 59-105 and Richard Sullivan, "The Carolingian Age: Reflections on its Place in the History of the Middle Ages," Speculum, 64 (1989), pp. | | | Comprehensive reviews of the literature may be found in Donald Bullough "Europae Pater: Charlemagne and his Achievement in the Light of Recent Scholarship," English Historical Review, 75 (1970), pp. | | | Also see the psychoanalytic angle provided by Clayton Drees, "Sainthood and Suicide: The Motives of the Martyrs of Cordoba, A.D. Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 59-90 and the eschatological perspective provided by A. Cutler, "The Ninth-Century Spanish Martyrs' Movement and the Origins of Western Christian Missions to the Muslims," Muslim World, 55 (1965), pp. |
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http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/hagiography/bcarol.htm
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| | Carolingian minuscule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Carolingian minuscule, in Dr. Dianne Tillotson's website devoted to medieval writing. | | | Charlemagne sent for the English scholar Alcuin of York to run his palace school and scriptorium at his capital, Aachen. | | | Codices, pagan and Christian texts, and educational material were written in Carolingian minuscule throughout the Carolingian Renaissance. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Carolingian Schools |
| | Discipline in the Carolingian schools was maintained by the proscholus, and that the medieval scholar dreaded the rod is clear from an episode in the history of the school of St. Gall where, in order to escape a birching, the boys set fire to the monastery. | | | In France, the Carolingian revival was, as has been said, taken up by Theodulf, Bishop of Orléans, who, both by his own diocesan enactments and by the advice which he gave the emperor, proved his right to the title of Alcuin's successor. | | | With the extension and promotion of the Carolingian revival of education are associated the names of the Irish teachers who were Alcuin's rivals and who are certainly entitled to a share in the credit of having been the first masters of the schools. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03349c.htm
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| | J400 Syllabus: Course Schedule |
| | How did Christianity impact people in the Carolingian world? | | | How was the divisio seen by the various people who wrote about it? | | | Sullivan, 'The Carolingian Age: Reflections on its Place in the History of the Middle Ages', Speculum, 64 (1989), pp. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~histweb/fall2003/ddeliyan/j400/syllabus/J400carf03syllabusb.htm
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| | Medieval Germany -- The Carolingian Dynasty |
| | The duchies were strengthened when the Carolingian line died out in 911; subsequent kings would have no direct blood link to the throne with which to legitimate their claims to power against the territorial dukes. | | | The eastern Carolingian kings ruled the East Frankish Kingdom, what is now Germany and Austria; the western Carolingian kings ruled the West Frankish Kingdom, what became France. | | | The Carolingian Empire was based on an alliance between the emperor, who was a temporal ruler supported by a military retinue, and the pope of the Roman Catholic Church, who granted spiritual sanction to the imperial mission. |
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http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/history/bl_carolingian.htm
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| | The Fall of the Carolingian Empire |
| | The rulers descended from Charlemagne were unable to defend Europe from these raiders, and it fell to local strong men, such as Count Robert of Paris and the dukes of the lands of Germany, to do so. | | | When the Carolingian monarchs no longer had royal lands to give in exchange for support, the fighting nobles took over the lands of the churches and the monasteries that the central government - such as it was - could no longer protect. | | | By 814, when Charlemagne died, however, Louis' brothers were already dead, and he went to Aachen at the age of thirty-six, with three sons of his own, to assume control of the entire empire. |
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http://www.ku.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/carolingian_empire_fall.html
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| | The Carolingian Dynasty - Master Gunther von Leibzig, KoR |
| | The following describes some of the prominent ethnic groups that contributed to the Carolingian military: | | | Among other technologies, their cast-iron stirrups and lamellar horse-armor were previously unknown in the Carolingian military. | | | This lay not only in their role as a subordinate people following their defeat, but also in the new ideas and forms of military organization that they brought to Europe. |
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http://www.therealmofchivalry.org/treloria/library/submissions/carolingiandynasty.html
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| | The Light & the Dark: VADEMECUM - THE CAROLINGIAN ERA |
| | Since 888 Italy and Provence/Burgundy no longer were Carolingian. | | | The conflicts between Neustria and Austrasia would have a sequel in the wars of France and Germany, which were a constitutive part of European history for a thousand years. | | | Rosamond Mc.Kitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms and the Carolingians 751-987. |
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http://home.wanadoo.nl/piet.fontaine/volumes/carolingian.htm
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| | 10. The Carolingian Church |
| | Richard E. Sullivan, "Carolingian Missionary Theories," The Catholic Historical Review, 42 (1956), 273-295. | | | Peter R. McKeon, "The Carolingian Councils of Savonnières (859) and Tusey (860) and their Background: A Study in the Ecclesiastical and Political History of the Ninth Century," Revue Bénédictine, 84 (1974), 75-110. | | | Luitpold Wallach, Diplomatic Studies in Latin and Greek Documents from the Carolingian Age (Ithaca, NY, 1977). |
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http://www.wmich.edu/~medinst/research/rawl/carolingian/10church.html
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| | Accademia della Danza - The Carolingian Buffens Team |
| | Interested parties are invited to contact IBBL at | | | OK, that's not really why we did it, it was actually because we came up with two possible six-dancer variations of the bastion passage and decided they were both worth dancing. | | | Lord Duncan of Carolingia, while not part of this performance set, was also an important part of both the preparations and the performance. |
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http://danza.arberth.com/cbt.html
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| | Carolingian art - encyclopedia article about Carolingian art. |
| | Carolingian art is the roughly 120-year period from about AD 780 to 900 — during the reign of Charlemagne and his immediate heirs — popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance. | | | The primary theme during this period is the introduction and absorption of classical Mediterranean and Christian forms with Germanic ones creating innovative new forms, leading to the rise of Romanesque art in the 12th century. | | | This decision not to adopt iconoclastic principles, and to allow the use of human figures in moderation, had immense consequences, for it was out of Carolingian art that western Romanesque and Gothic art developed — had Charlemagne sided with the Iconoclasts, the history of Western art would have been very different. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Carolingian+art
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| | [No title] |
| | *Carolingian Culture* ends with a conclusion written by McKitterick entitled "The Legacy of the Carolingians," in which she identifies what she sees as the principal themes articulated by the essays in the book. | | | Carolingian political polemic was truly innovatory, they suggest, in successfully marrying the conventions of classical rhetoric with a Christian teleological sense of the past. | | | Nor were the Carolingians as derivative as they are sometimes said to be. |
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http://www.infomotions.com/serials/bmmr/bmmr-9410-stacey-carolingian.txt
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| | Carolingian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The last Carolingian emperor died in 899 before the title had been in the family for a century. | | | His son, Louis the Pious, was his sole successor, but upon Louis death and the end of his unrestful reign followed three years of civil war between his sons: Lothair, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald. | | | This page was last modified 06:54, 22 April 2006. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian
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| | Creating French Culture (Library of Congress Exhibition) |
| | By the mid-eighth century when the Carolingian family deposed the Merovingian dynasty, the king was more than a warlord, he was also a religious figure, the Christian leader of his subjects, the new chosen people. | | | From the start, his dual role spawned a potent mix of religion, politics, and culture. | | | Carolingian kings actively supported the study of religious texts which prepared monks, the "soldiers of Christ," to lead their people to salvation. |
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http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bnf/bnf0003.html
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| | Roman campgates and Carolingian campgates |
| | These 'Altars' were converted into Christian churches and the Carolingians, whose goals included converting all the pagans in their domains to Christianity, promoted the religion on their coins by featuring these new churches. | | | On the other hand, the experience of barbarian invasions was recent in their memory and communities would have been fortified. | | | Hence, militarily the Carolingians came to be organized differently from the Romans and the idea of the campgate would not be meaningful to them. |
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http://home.eckerd.edu/~oberhot/campgate.htm
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| | Carolingian |
| | Feudalism necessary due to decline of a powerful centralized government in the years after 814; political, military, judicial, and other functions of government exercised at the local level; feudalism was a political arrangement that provided for the performance of these functions of government by a class of landed nobles. | | | Important books from the Carolingian Renaissance include Einhard's biography of Charlemagne, one of our few primary sources for his reign. | | | Feudalism as a political institution and manorialism as the socio-economic system that supported emerged from the wreckage of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th and 10th centuries. |
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http://www.neu.edu.tr/tr/staff/301/carolingian.htm
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| | Abstract: Jacxsens: A Study in Carolingian Monasticism: The Letters of Lupus of Ferrières |
| | Lupus is a monk whose position as abbot of Ferrières forces him to involve himself deeply in the affairs of the saeculum which his monastic vocation had called him to leave behind. | | | They provide an example of a monk and abbot whose cloistered life is interrupted by the pressing political and dynastic concerns of the Carolingians and their impact on his monastery. | | | Lupus of Ferrières is known to us largely through his collection of letters, written between 830 and his death about thirty years later. |
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http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Medieval_Studies/Conference/abstracts/jacxsens.htm
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| | Carolingian Monastic Reform and The Plan of St. Gall: Part II - The Plan |
| | Several theories have been proposed to reconcile these variances. | | | This second scribe recorded (among other things) the titles of the altars in the monastery church and made additions to the legend on the Abbot's House3. | | | The synods mentioned in the previous article, and the reform movement itself produced one of the most important architectural documents of the Middle Ages: the Plan of St. Gall. |
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http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/medieval_art/9989
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| | The Carolingian Empire |
| | Although this "renaissance" was not much, it was never completely extinguished, and without it the thread that leads from Greece and Rome to ourselves would have been completely broken. | | | Carolingian miniscule was revived during the Renaissance and has survived as our lower case letters (the capital letters come from ancient Rome). | | | The illuminated manuscripts were beautiful, but these could be found in other than Frankish lands. |
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http://history.boisestate.edu/westciv/charles/16.shtml
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| | John J. Contreni - Publications |
| | "Carolingian Biblical Studies." In Carolingian Essays: Patristics and Early Medieval Thought: Andrew W. Mellon Lectures in Early Christian Studies, ed. | | | "The Carolingian Renaissance." In Renaissances before the Renaissance: The Phenomenon of Cultural Revivals of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, ed. | | | "Richard A. Gerberding, The Rise of the Carolingians and the "Liber Historiae Francorum." Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland 9 (1995): 403-8. |
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http://www.cla.purdue.edu/academic/history/facstaff/Contreni/contrenipub.htm
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| | 302Webpage |
| | According to Schiller, representations of the christus patiens, such as that in the Utrecht Psalter, are testaments to the Late Carolingian doctrine of the Sacrament (103). | | | Although it is uncertain if other elements of the Crucifixion, such as Ecclesia, are products of Byzantine invention, we find precedents for such a figure in the Psalmist of the Utrecht Psalter. | | | Art in the Christian World 300-1500: a handbook of styles and forms. |
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http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/a/h/ahv103
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| | Caroline Minuscule |
| | It was evidently developed in the late 8th century scriptorium of Charlemagne, or in those of the monasteries under his patronage, in the course of his conscious efforts to revive the literate culture of Classical Rome. | | | The royal document hand of Germany became closer to the Caroline minuscule book hand, with some calligraphic flourishes. | | | The Merovingian chancery script and its Carolingian successor were retained in Germany until around the mid 9th century and in France until the 10th century. |
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http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/scripts/history5.htm
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| | ZZ |
| | Carolingian was a 9th century hand created in France by Alcuin of York, Charlemagne hired him to develop an alphabet that was easy to read and write. |
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http://www.axs4u.net/home/inksmith/26ltr/26_ltr_zz.htm
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| | Medieval Iberian Studies at UCI |
| | This led to the flowering of culture known as the Carolingian renaissance and to ecclesiastical reform. | | | The Carolingian Empire (which embraced much of Northern Europe and Italy) was established under Charlemagne (742-814), who became emperor in 800. | | | Charlemagne and his immediate successors sought to establish cultural cohesion and political stability throughout the disparate territories of the empire. |
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http://www.humanities.uci.edu/spanishandportuguese/spanish/medievaliberia/manuscript_glossary_C-D.html
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| | Was the Carolingian Period Really a Renaissance? |
| | Finally there will be a conclusion to show whether the carolingian was in fact renaissance or not. | | | In this essay about whether the carolingian period was a renaissance or not, there is a timeline to show at what time in history the period took place. | | | A brief outline will be given about what happened in the early carolingian period, as well as details into the Charlemagne’s rule. |
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http://www.radessays.com/viewpaper.php?nats=MTAxNjoyOjE&request=885
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| | Visitors guide to Carolingian France, French coins |
| | There is a Carolingian crypt that is fairly extensive and available for viewing but not walking about. | | | doesn't have any clear Carolingian ruins I can find but there is one possibility. | | | This is a museum of French monetary history and has an extensive collection of Carolingian coins on display. |
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http://home.eckerd.edu/~oberhot/visitor-north.htm
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| | The Carolingian Empire |
| | Well, the Carolingian kingdom lacked many of the things that we normally associate with a "state." Its population was not homogenous. | | | The economic infrastructure of the West had not been repaired, and the reconstruction of anything remotely resembling a western Roman empire was beyond the means of Charlemagne and his advisors. | | | The Franks had gotten as far as they had simply because their rivals were engaged elsewhere, and they had the good fortune to have enjoyed almost seventy years in which the kingdom had passed to a single heir and so remained united and free from civil wars |
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http://www.ku.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/carolingian_empire.html
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| | March 20: Disintegration of Carolingian Empire,10th century crisis, courtly love |
| | Second reason the Carolingian Empire disintegrated, was because two ethnic groups - the Vikings and the Magyars - invaded it. | | | century, such Viking raiding parties appeared all over Europe – in the heartland of the Carolingian empire, in Anglo-Saxon England. | | | These longboats could travel both on the ocean (the Scandinavians made it to America), and on European rivers. |
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http://www.luc.edu/faculty/ldossey/10thcenturycrisismarch20.htm
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| | Lecture 20: Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance |
| | So what Charlemagne did was take account of all these changes and include them in a new scholarly language which we know as medieval Latin. | | | Charlemagne set out to construct a respublica Christiana, a Christian republic. | | | One of the most important consequences of the Carolingian Renaissance was that Charlemagne encouraged the spread of uniform religious practices as well as a uniform culture. |
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http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture20b.html
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| | France, 500-1000 A.D. Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art |
| | After his death in 768, he is buried at Saint-Denis and his kingdom divided between his two sons, Charles and Carloman. | | | The Franks hand over the central piece of land that will become Normandy to the invaders from the north in an attempt to stop their attacks. | | | Backed by the pope, Pépin the Short is elected king of the Franks by the noblemen of his kingdom, marking the beginning of the Carolingian dynasty. |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/06/euwf/ht06euwf.htm
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| | BIBLIOGRAPHY: CAROLINGIAN CIVILIZATION |
| | The Politics of Dreaming in the Carolingian Empire. | | | Light in the Dark Ages: The Rise and Fall of San Vincenzo al Volturno. | | | Bolgar, R.R. The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries: From the Carolingian Age to the End of the Renaissance. |
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http://www2.tltc.ttu.edu/howe/carolin2.htm
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| | Early Carolingian Warfare Bachrach, Bernard S. |
| | Early Carolingian Warfare is the first book-length study of how this Frankish dynasty, beginning with Pippin II, established its power and cultivated its military expertise in order to reestablish the regnum Francorum, a geographical area of the late Roman period that represents much of present-day France and western Germany. | | | In order to sustain their long-term strategy, the early Carolingians relied on a late Roman model whereby soldiers were recruited from among the militarized population who were required by law to serve outside their immediate communities. | | | Pippin II and his successors were not diverted by opportunities for financial enrichment in the short term through raids and campaigns outside of the regnum Francorum; they focused on conquest with sagacious sensibilities, preferring bloodless diplomatic solutions to unnecessarily destructive warfare, and disdained military glory for its own sake. |
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http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/13389.html
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| | Genevra Kornbluth: Engraved Gems of the Carolingian Empire |
| | This heavily illustrated study examines one revealing legacy of Charlemagne's heirs and his people—the Carolingian gems of rock crystal, jet, and agate engraved with complex figural scenes, which have never before been studied as a group. | | | These objects have been largely ignored in the scholarship of medieval art, partly because of the difficulty of access. | | | The gems are presented as evidence of the rich diversity of the Carolingian culture, rather than as reflections of an artistic program dictated by the imperial courts; they are also seen to be essentially new creations, drawing on earlier visual traditions but adapting their sources to address contemporary concerns. |
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http://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-01426-1.html
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| | Carolingian Scripts |
| | This latter script in turn had developed out of the late Roman cursive scripts. | | | From the previous samples, try to identify the different scripts included on this page. | | | The earliest dated surviving examples of the script are found in a Bible copied at Corbie in the 770s at the order of Abbot Maurdramm and in some dedicatory verses added to an Evangelistary copied in the entourage of Charlemagne between 781 and 783..... |
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http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth212/Carolingian_Culture/carolingian_scripts.html
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| | The External School in Carolingian Society |
| | This study explores one means of imparting Latin literacy in early medieval society: the so-called "external school," often presumed to have been a common feature of medieval monastic education. | | | 'This is a daring and important revistionist study which challenges not only old truisms but new ones as well about education and literacy in the Carolingian world. | | | It questions the prevalence of this institution and whether the external school can be used as evidence of relatively widespread literacy among the non- clerical Carolingian population in particular. |
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http://www.brill.nl/product.asp?ID=2040
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| | Carolingian Culture - Cambridge University Press |
| | Saints and relics in the Carolingian Renaissance Giles Brown; 8. | | | The Carolingian Renaissance: an introduction Giles Brown; 2. | | | The book is made the more unusual by departing from the customary stress on the concept of renewal to emphasise the enormous creativity and inventiveness of the Franks in every aspect of their intellectual and cultural life. |
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http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521405246&print=y
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: Carolingians and After |
| | The Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty and Papal Support | | | One of the most complete Carolingian documents on the regulation of coinage and mints. | | | ORB, the Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1h.html
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| | Free Knitting Chart: Heraldic Lion from The New Carolingian Modelbook, Plate 38:3 |
| | This pattern ©1995, 1999 by Kim Brody Salazar. | | | As reprinted in The New Carolingian Modelbook: Counted Embroidery Patterns from Before 1600 by Ianthe d'Averoigne (Kim Brody Salazar). | | | People wishing to include this pattern in any form of written collection, or wanting to use it to make multiple items for commercial sale are directed to obtain the author's permission. |
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http://www.knitting-and.com/knitting/patterns/charts/lionchart.htm
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| | MSN Encarta - Carolingian |
| | Carolingian, sometimes called Carlovingian, second dynasty of Frankish kings who ruled parts of Western Europe from the 7th to the 10th centuries. | | | Become a subscriber today and gain access to: |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761577407/Carolingian.html
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| | Carolingian Culture |
| | As a part of this the Carolingians developed a new script, the Caroline minuscule, that would become a standard for the next 400 years and would later be revived by the humanists in the fifteenth century. | | | Charlemagne's interest in promoting learning and culture throughout his realm is evident in this letter to Baugulf, abbot of Fulda: | | | He was concerned with restoring and preserving Classical texts and establishing authoritative versions of the Bible and Liturgical books. |
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http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth212/Carolingian_Culture/carolingian_culture.html
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| | History of writing, western civilization, Roman capitals, Uncial, Carolingian, Italic |
| | This style known as Carolingian (care-o-lin-je-in) minuscule became the official lettering style of the Holy Roman Empire in 768 AD. | | | For a much more objective and comprehensive study of the history of writing I recommend reading the books: | | | It was very clear and simple to read and write and was used to rewrite many ancient manuscripts. |
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http://www.dancotton.com/History_of_writing.html
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| | Christian Iconography |
| | Some scholars have maintained that some of these ivories may date into the reign of his successor Louis the Pious (814—840). | | | Until 1977, when it appeared at a London auction this ivory from the Carolingian "Renaissance" was unknown. | | | Carved in high relief, the frontally enthroned Evangelist displays his Gospel with the opening phrase IN PRINCI / PIO ERAT / VERBVM ("In the beginning was the Word" John 1:1). |
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http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/metropolitan/cloisters/johnEvangelist.html
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