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| | Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | During Constans' reign the Byzantines completely withdrew from Egypt, and the Arabs launched numerous attacks on the islands of the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea. | | | The Eastern Roman Empire's most catastrophic defeat of this period was the Battle of Yarmuk, fought in Syria. | | | Whereas the Byzantines had ultimately prevailed over the Arabs in the eighth century, driving them out of Asia Minor and holding a frontier against them, in the twelfth century the Turks were more successful in establishing themselves in these same lands. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire |
| | Abroad, the Byzantine State was menaced, as of old, on three sides: on the East by the Seljuk Turks, who had supplanted the Arabs; on the West by the Normans, who had sodded the Arabs in that quarter; on the North by the Slavs, Bulgarians, and Finnic-Ugrian (Magyars, Petchenegs, and Cumani). | | | Again and again was the Byzantine Empire de facto reduced to the limits of the capital city, which Anastasius had transformed into an unrivaled fortress; and often, too, was the victory over its foes gained by troops before whose ferocity its own citizens trembled. | | | The third period, that of the Syrian (Isaurian) emperors and of Iconoclasm, is marked by the attempt to avoid the struggle with Islam by completely orientalizing the land. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm
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| | Byzantium |
| | By the time the empire collapsed in 1453, its religious mission and political concepts had borne fruit among the Slavic peoples of eastern Europe and especially among the Russians. | | | The king no doubt wanted to convert to Orthodoxy and enter the Byzantine orbit in order to preserve as much independence for his land as he could in the face of pressure from his powerful German neighbors. | | | Leo's successors continued his religious and political policies, and in 754 Pope Stephen II turned to the north and struck an alliance with the Frankish king Pepin. |
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http://www.yasou.org/byzantium/byz.htm
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| | The Byzantines |
| | The Muslims very quickly conquered Byzantine territory in Syria and Egypt largely because of disaffected populations of Christians and Jews who had been persecuted since the time of Justinian. | | | The eastern church had long been characterized by speculation and innovation, but the Iconoclastic controversy was too disorienting. | | | Almost all of Byzantine energy over the next centuries would be focussed on Islam. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM
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| | Byzantine Empire - MSN Encarta |
| | Between 634 and 642, Arabs, inspired by a new religion, Islam, conquered Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. | | | External trade also intensified in the Mediterranean and Black seas. | | | Meanwhile, the Byzantines lost their last foothold in Italy and were alienated from the Christian West by a schism (1054) between the Orthodox church and the papacy. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761561530
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| | Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page |
| | In 1204, internal Byzantine politics and the resurgent West, effectively ended the imperial pretensions of the Byzantine state. | | | The Greek political leadership, under the Palaiologan Dynasty regained Constantinople in 1261, but the "empire" was just one state among many in the area for the final 200 years of its existence. | | | This period is also significant as the time in which Byzantine culture was spread among the Slavs and other Balkan peoples. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium
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| | Byzantine Empire Research Sources on the Web |
| | Not extensive Byzantine materials, but well scanned, and in a clear and consistent historical context. | | | A massive compilation of bibliographies, on-line resources and actual textual materials in Byzantine and Medieval History, as well as other disciplines. | | | An Israeli archaeological association, with several publications and interests in Byzantine period sites. |
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http://members.aol.com/frsteven/academic/data.html
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| | Byzantine Empire - All About Turkey |
| | Since Constantinople was the political center of the Empire, it also was the educational center, where future government officials learned to read and write the language of ancient Greece. | | | The word Byzantine, in fact, comes from "Byzantium," which is the Greek name for a city on the Bosphorus. | | | The Byzantine Empire, however, had left its mark on the culture, never to be entirely erased even after the Conquest. |
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http://www.allaboutturkey.com/bizans.htm
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| | Lawler - Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire |
| | While this is certainly true, it is also irrelevant considering that their predecessors, the Umayyads, also ruled North Africa and Spain whereas the Abbasid Caliphate stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to Central Asia. | | | Lawler does an exceedingly good job on delineating the various Christian sects and heresies, defining them and also their role in the Byzantine Empire. | | | Then comments that the empire was divided among 3 sons (lands were given to his four sons, but the empire remained united) and "lost its greatest" (P. Lawler overlooks that the fact that the Mongols continued to expand well after 1227, the death of Chinggis Khan) and reached its zenith in the 1250s. |
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http://www.deremilitari.org/REVIEWS/Lawler_ByzEncyl.htm
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| | Gallery: Byzantine Images |
| | Roman and Byzantine Sites in Israel Part of a much larger illustrated guide to historic sites in Israel, called | | | Life In Byzantine Jerusalem, part of a wonderfully illustrated Internet exhibit by Israel Information Services on Jerusalem in early Christian times. | | | The sun clock was not a Byzantine invention, and clocks like the one illustrated (or similar to it) have been found from earlier periods (ancient Roman). |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/images.html
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| | Wikipedia (TheFreeDictionary.com mirror) |
| | The former capital of a global empire, London is pre-eminent in the culture, communications, politics, finance, and arts of its country, and has considerable influence worldwide. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com
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| | THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE |
| | With its political structure anchored in Greek tradition and a new religion stimulated by Greek philosophy, the Byzantine Empire survived a millennium of triumphs and declines until Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. | | | The Byzantine Empire was established with the foundation of Constantinople, but the final separation of the eastern and western empires was not complete until the late fifth century. |
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http://www.gogreece.com/learn/history/Byzantine_empire.html
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