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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire |
 | | Upon this motive, the Emperor Zeno closed the Nestorian school at Edessa, in 489 and it was a part of the same policy that induced the successors of Constantine the Great to support the leaders of the Christian clerical party, the Mamikonians, in opposition to the Mazdeistic nobility. | | | Abroad, the Byzantine State was menaced, as of old, on three sides: on the East by the Seljuk Turks, who had supplanted the Arabs; on the West by the Normans, who had sodded the Arabs in that quarter; on the North by the Slavs, Bulgarians, and Finnic-Ugrian (Magyars, Petchenegs, and Cumani). | | | The third period, that of the Syrian (Isaurian) emperors and of Iconoclasm, is marked by the attempt to avoid the struggle with Islam by completely orientalizing the land. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm
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| | Byzantium: Timeline |
| | Khan Boris of the Bulgarians is baptized as an Orthodox Christian; the Bulgarians adopt Christianity from Constantinople. | | | Alexius I Komnenos becomes emperor, establishing the Komnenos dynasty; the following year, to gain the support of the Venetian navy against the Normans in South Italy, he grants Venice legal, political, and economic concessions, eventually leading to Venetian commercial and economic domination in much of the Byzantine Empire. | | | Grand Prince Volodymyr adopts Byzantine Christianity as the official state religion of Kievan Rus' (located in modern-day Ukraine, Belorus', and the Russian Federation). |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/time.html
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| | The Byzantines |
| | The Muslims very quickly conquered Byzantine territory in Syria and Egypt largely because of disaffected populations of Christians and Jews who had been persecuted since the time of Justinian. | | | The eastern church had long been characterized by speculation and innovation, but the Iconoclastic controversy was too disorienting. | | | Almost all of Byzantine energy over the next centuries would be focussed on Islam. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM
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| | Byzantine warfare |
| | This set out that at six months notice, the Republic would provide 40 to 100 galleys (equipped at the Empire's expense), on which three out of every four Venetian colonists within the empire were expected to serve. | | | This was an attempt to make order and regularity out of what otherwise would be chaos. | | | These strategists and tacticians believed in the organization of men, materials and transportation. |
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http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2398/bginfo/social/war.html
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| | Roman and Byzantine Emperors |
| | During his reign Byzantine strength decreased in the eastern Mediterranean, and Crete (826) and later Sicily fell to the Arabs. | | | John Cantacuzenus claimed that he was acting as regent and protector of the young legitimate heir and in 1347 John Pelæologus was crowned emperor in Constantinople (and the two Johns reigned together?). | | | After an early and unsuccessful attempt to seize the throne by his sister, Anna Comnena - whom he pardoned - John's reign of twenty-five years was untroubled by conspiracy. |
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http://users.tibus.com/decline-and-fall/emperors.htm
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| | Byzantium |
| | The king no doubt wanted to convert to Orthodoxy and enter the Byzantine orbit in order to preserve as much independence for his land as he could in the face of pressure from his powerful German neighbors. | | | By the time the empire collapsed in 1453, its religious mission and political concepts had borne fruit among the Slavic peoples of eastern Europe and especially among the Russians. | | | She could neither win widespread support for her pro-icon policies, nor could she put together a marriage alliance with the newly proclaimed western emperor Charlemagne, a union which would have brought east and west together. |
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http://www.yasou.org/byzantium/byz.htm
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| | Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc. |
| | The naval expdetion he launched against the Vandals in 460 (one of no less than five attempts to put down the Vandals in this era) failed, and he was murdered by Ricimer on returning to Italy. | | | His brother Valentinian, secured on the throne against the usurper Magnus Maximus by Theodosius, then mostly seems to have been a pawn, until his own death drew Theodosius west (again) to put down the usurper Eugenius. | | | Gordian III's six years would count as lengthy for the period, but his murder would prove all too typical. |
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http://www.friesian.com/romania.htm
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| | Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity - Christianity Under the Byzantine Emperors |
| | From that time forward the Christianity of the superstitious Egyptians became the Christianity of the majority in Alexandria, and after a time, with very few variations, the Christianity of the greater part of the world. | | | Arianism, on the other hand, even when supported by, the weak government of the Emperor, lost ground rapidly, and it soon took refuge in the fortified camps of the Greek soldiers. | | | Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity - Christianity Under the Byzantine Emperors |
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http://www.touregypt.net/emac9.htm
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| | Emperors |
| | 913-959 Constantine VII 920-944 Romanus I Lecapenus Political Development : Eastern policy of the Byzantine Empire is directed by the Asia Minor magnates. | | | Individual treatises with these cites limit Byzantine sovereignity. | | | Certain Greek regions survive under Venetian rule until the eighteenth century (areas of Byzantine culture). |
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http://www.yasou.org/byzantium/byz3.htm
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| | Byzantine Empire - All About Turkey |
| | Since Constantinople was the political center of the Empire, it also was the educational center, where future government officials learned to read and write the language of ancient Greece. | | | The word Byzantine, in fact, comes from "Byzantium," which is the Greek name for a city on the Bosphorus. | | | The Byzantine Empire, however, had left its mark on the culture, never to be entirely erased even after the Conquest. |
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http://www.allaboutturkey.com/bizans.htm
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| | Byzantine Empire |
| | These doubtful allies rapidly turned the ensuing Crusades into a series of plundering expeditions not only against the Turks but also against the heart of the Byzantine Empire. | | | Early Byzantine art must be considered in relation to the Early Christian condemnation of pagan idolatry and the consequent reluctance to depict sacred Christian figures and stories. | | | Thereafter, Christian art languished in the former Byzantine lands, which were all subject to Turkish rule; only in the young Russian state, where the Orthodox church remained dominant, did the artistic tradition inspired by Byzantium continue to develop. |
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http://www.crystalinks.com/byzantine.html
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| | Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page |
| | In 1204, internal Byzantine politics and the resurgent West, effectively ended the imperial pretensions of the Byzantine state. | | | This period is also significant as the time in which Byzantine culture was spread among the Slavs and other Balkan peoples. | | | The counterpart to the dismissal of Byzantine culture was its exaltation by 19th-century Romanticism, and by a substrate of Christian, especially Anglican, intellectuals. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium
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| | Mr. Dowling's Moor Page |
| | The Turks had recently become Muslims, and the Byzantine emperor feared they would soon overpower his Christian empire. | | | Soldiers from western Europe left their homes to free the Byzantine Empire of the “unbelievers.” This was the first time many Europeans left their homes. | | | He asked the leader of the Christian church—the Pope—to assist in a holy war against the Turks. |
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http://www.mrdowling.com/703-byzantine.html
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| | Byzantium: History |
| | In the tenth century Byzantium, through political pressure and missionary activity, began to convert the Bulgarians and the Rus' to Christianity. | | | In physique and deportment the ideal emperor was always decorous and handsome; even his costume and regalia expressed his majesty and quality. | | | he era we now call the Middle Byzantine is considered to begin in 843, with the finish of the Iconoclastic controversy, and to end in the year 1261, when the Byzantines recaptured Constantinople from the crusaders, who had sacked the city in 1204. |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/byzantium/byz_4.html
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| | Byzantine-msg |
| | I think I saw it in Potboiler press, NY. | | | a Byzantine perspective) are a chronology of events and a list of the | | | 4 and Ostrogorsky's "History of the Byzantine State" could give you a |
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http://www.florilegium.org/files/CULTURES/Byzantine-msg.html
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| | Why the Byzantine Empire was not a "Greek Empire"? |
| | The earlier Byzantine Emperors were Romans but in time people of different ethnic backgrounds ruled this multi-ethnic empire. | | | Having in mind the ethnic diversity of the empire, the Church clergy, the army, and the artists, also came from the many different nationalities, and were not exclusively ethnic Greeks. | | | These people took the fact that Greek was used as the language of the Empire and declared that the Empire was ruled by "Greeks", had "Greek" armies, "Greek" churches, and "Greek" art. |
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http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/RomanMacedonia/ByzantineEmpire.html
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| | ACM Presents DOUG SMITH: Lettered Byzantine Bronzes" |
| | On this year 2 follis we see the Emperor (left) and his wife Leontia (right). | | | Many later folles were overstruck on older coins which were clipped to reduce the weight. | | | This coin was shown on my page on Byzantine Overstrikes. |
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http://www.ancientcoinmarket.com/ds/byz
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| | Byzantine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A citizen of the Byzantine Empire, or a native Greek during the middle ages. | | | This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. | | | A manner of speech and bearing - see Derogatory use of 'Byzantine' |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine
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| | Behind the Name: Roman and Byzantine Emperors |
| | The language spoken was Greek and most of the names of the emperors were Greek, or else Greek forms of Christian biblical names, and the title Basileus (meaning "king" in Greek) was used for the emperor. | | | Augustus was the first Roman Emperor, emerging from the civil wars that followed the death of his adoptive father Julius Caesar in 44 BC to become the ruler of a realm that stretched from Spain to Syria, Northern Africa to France. | | | The Byzantine Empire, as the Eastern Roman Empire was known, was one of the important cultural centers of the Middle Ages. |
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http://wwwame.behindthename.com/namesakes/lists/roman.php
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| | AllRefer.com - Angelus, Byzantine emperors (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia |
| | Angelus, Byzantine emperors, Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biographies | | | Related Category: Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biographies | | | Angelus[an´julus] Pronunciation Key, family name and dynasty of three Byzantine emperors (1185–1204): see Isaac II; Alexius III; Alexius IV. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/A/AngelusByz.html
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| | Byzantium!!! |
| | This page refers to life in the Byzantine Empire, from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 until its fall because of the attack by the Ottoman Turks in May 29th, 1453. | | | His intention was fulfilled, for that reason the Empire, which we must call Byzantine because if not it would produce confusion, it is ignored by much people that enjoy the history of Rome until 476, and do not continue investigating ahead. | | | At the same time the power of the Byzantine church grew up the emperors were loosing theirs, and in 1453 the tradition of the Empire, its ideas and their culture maintained alive until today due to the orthodox church. |
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http://www.imperiobizantino.com/byzantium.htm
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| | Coins of the Byzantine Empire |
| | It is a period of longevity almost unrivalled in history; and yet, until recently it is a period written off by historians as merely the extended decline and fall of the Roman Empire. | | | The legendary wealth of Constantinople, with its sublime craftsmanship and awesome golden mosaics, (the "Sages standing in God's Holy fire," of Yeats' much quoted poem,) was coupled with a spirituality that dictated penance and abstinence even for a soldier who had killed in battle. | | | The Istanbul Archaeological Museum holds one of the great collections of Byzantine artifacts, all uncovered during excavations and construction projects in the city and its environs. |
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http://www.wegm.com/coins/byindex.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The Byzantines made no great contributions to theology or literature after the 400's. | | | Byzantine forces even reached into Spain for a time. | | | While the West went through the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment, the Byzantines viewed all change as heresy and treason. ¡j t ã t ã ó u O ¨ Byzantine Culture ¨ Byzantine architecture and the mosaic form of art were the only major cultural contributions made by the Byzantines. |
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http://www.cccb.edu/notes/ghs342/byzantine.ppt
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| | Joey & Toby Tanenbaum Gallery of Byzantine Art - ROM |
| | "This allows us to present a more comprehensive picture of Byzantine society -- visitors will see everything from the floors the Byzantines walked on, their eating utensils, how the inhabitants adorned themselves, who their emperors were, how their commerce worked, to the imagery they used to decorate their churches." | | | Strategically positioned between Europe and Asia, Constantinople (now Istanbul), the capital of the Byzantine empire, flourished for over a thousand years from AD 324 to 1453. | | | The objects on display in The Joey and Toby Tanenbaum Gallery of Byzantine Art are arranged thematically, covering such topics as religion, gold jewelry, aspects of daily life and trade and commerce. |
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http://www.rom.on.ca/galleries/byzantine/byzantine.html
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| | Ancient and Historical Empires |
| | Gordian II, son of Gordian I, ruled jointly with his father (238) | | | , Holy Roman emperor (1433–37), German king (1410–37), king of Hungary (1387–1437) and of Bohemia (1419–37), elector of Brandenburg (1376–1415) | | | , Holy Roman emperor (uncrowned) and German king (1378–1400), king of Bohemia (1378–1419) as Wenceslaus IV, elector of Brandenburg (1373–76) |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0776695.html
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| | Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |
| | I hope that by reading these quotations, people will be inspired to read the complete book and enjoy, as I have done, Gibbon's noble and memorable use of the English language. | | | As readers may have gathered, I am a devoted admirer of Gibbon's work, and this site as a tribute to him. | | | The son of well-to-do middle-class parents, Gibbon was born on 8th May, 1737 at Putney in Surrey, England. |
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http://users.tibus.com/decline-and-fall
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| | Angelus, Byzantine emperors |
| | Charles Freeman offers a new theory to explain the positioning in Venice of the famous horses looted from Constantinople eight hundred years ago this month.(Cover Story) (History Today) | | | Related content from HighBeam Research on: Angelus, Byzantine emperors | | | Angelus, family name and dynasty of three Byzantine emperors (1185–1204): see |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0804026.html
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| | Byzantine Studies Conference |
| | Welcome to the Byzantine Studies Conference WEB Page | | | De imperatoribus romanis (Late Roman and Byzantine Emperors) (Salve Regina) | | | Art and Architecture of the Byzantine East (syllabus) (Willamette) |
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http://www.sc.edu/bsc
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