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| | Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Byzantines identified themselves as Romaioi (Ρωμαίοι - Romans) which had already become a synonym for a Hellene (Έλλην - Greek), and more than ever before were developing a national consciousness, as residents of Ρωμανία (Romania, as the Byzantine state and its world were called). | | | Early Byzantine missionary work spread Orthodox Christianity to various Slavic peoples, and it is still predominant among the Russians and many other Slavic peoples as well as among the Greeks. | | | The official dissolution of the Byzantine state in the 15th century did not immediately undo Byzantine society. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire |
| | Abroad, the Byzantine State was menaced, as of old, on three sides: on the East by the Seljuk Turks, who had supplanted the Arabs; on the West by the Normans, who had sodded the Arabs in that quarter; on the North by the Slavs, Bulgarians, and Finnic-Ugrian (Magyars, Petchenegs, and Cumani). | | | The third period, that of the Syrian (Isaurian) emperors and of Iconoclasm, is marked by the attempt to avoid the struggle with Islam by completely orientalizing the land. | | | Again and again was the Byzantine Empire de facto reduced to the limits of the capital city, which Anastasius had transformed into an unrivaled fortress; and often, too, was the victory over its foes gained by troops before whose ferocity its own citizens trembled. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Byzantine Literature |
| | The two blended in Byzantine Christianity into a new and peculiar unity which, however was from the beginning strangely opposed to the Christian ideal of the Western world, and which finally separated from the latter. | | | This attitude, which places him outside the sphere of strictly Byzantine culture, brought upon him bitter hostility and the loss of the privilege of teaching; he had been occupied chiefly with the exact sciences, whereby he held already earned the hatred of orthodox Byzantines. | | | The contribution of these districts to Eastern Christianity was twofold: the rhetorical and speculative spirit of Hellenistic thought as it had developed in Alexandria and in Asia Minor, the old home of Greek culture; and the ascetic and dogmatic spirit peculiar to the Orient. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03113a.htm
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| | The Byzantines |
| | The Muslims very quickly conquered Byzantine territory in Syria and Egypt largely because of disaffected populations of Christians and Jews who had been persecuted since the time of Justinian. | | | The eastern church had long been characterized by speculation and innovation, but the Iconoclastic controversy was too disorienting. | | | Almost all of Byzantine energy over the next centuries would be focussed on Islam. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM
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| | Byzantium: Timeline |
| | Khan Boris of the Bulgarians is baptized as an Orthodox Christian; the Bulgarians adopt Christianity from Constantinople. | | | Grand Prince Volodymyr adopts Byzantine Christianity as the official state religion of Kievan Rus' (located in modern-day Ukraine, Belorus', and the Russian Federation). | | | Alexius I Komnenos becomes emperor, establishing the Komnenos dynasty; the following year, to gain the support of the Venetian navy against the Normans in South Italy, he grants Venice legal, political, and economic concessions, eventually leading to Venetian commercial and economic domination in much of the Byzantine Empire. |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/time.html
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| | Byzantine Empire Research Sources on the Web |
| | Not extensive Byzantine materials, but well scanned, and in a clear and consistent historical context. | | | A massive compilation of bibliographies, on-line resources and actual textual materials in Byzantine and Medieval History, as well as other disciplines. | | | An Israeli archaeological association, with several publications and interests in Byzantine period sites. |
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http://members.aol.com/frsteven/academic/data.html
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| | Byzantine Empire, Part One |
| | Byzantine orbit in order to preserve as much independence for his land as he | | | In 1081 the Comnenian family claimed the Byzantine throne. | | | Turks allowed monotheists, or any of the believers in a "religion of the book" |
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http://history-world.org/Byzatines.htm
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| | Byzantine Empire - All About Turkey |
| | Since Constantinople was the political center of the Empire, it also was the educational center, where future government officials learned to read and write the language of ancient Greece. | | | The word Byzantine, in fact, comes from "Byzantium," which is the Greek name for a city on the Bosphorus. | | | The Byzantine Empire, however, had left its mark on the culture, never to be entirely erased even after the Conquest. |
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http://www.allaboutturkey.com/bizans.htm
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| | Byzantine Empire |
| | These doubtful allies rapidly turned the ensuing Crusades into a series of plundering expeditions not only against the Turks but also against the heart of the Byzantine Empire. | | | Early Byzantine art must be considered in relation to the Early Christian condemnation of pagan idolatry and the consequent reluctance to depict sacred Christian figures and stories. | | | Thereafter, Christian art languished in the former Byzantine lands, which were all subject to Turkish rule; only in the young Russian state, where the Orthodox church remained dominant, did the artistic tradition inspired by Byzantium continue to develop. |
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http://www.crystalinks.com/byzantine.html
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| | Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page |
| | In 1204, internal Byzantine politics and the resurgent West, effectively ended the imperial pretensions of the Byzantine state. | | | This period is also significant as the time in which Byzantine culture was spread among the Slavs and other Balkan peoples. | | | The counterpart to the dismissal of Byzantine culture was its exaltation by 19th-century Romanticism, and by a substrate of Christian, especially Anglican, intellectuals. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium
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| | Byzantines.net |
| | The Inter-Eparchial Youth Commission of the Archeparchy of Pittsburgh is coordinating Byzantine Young People from ages 16-35 to go to World Youth Day. | | | This is an incredible experience to gather with hundreds of thousands of young people and the Pope in a time to commit yourself to Christ. |
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http://www.byzantines.net
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| | Mr. Dowling's Moor Page |
| | The Turks had recently become Muslims, and the Byzantine emperor feared they would soon overpower his Christian empire. | | | Soldiers from western Europe left their homes to free the Byzantine Empire of the “unbelievers.” This was the first time many Europeans left their homes. | | | He asked the leader of the Christian church—the Pope—to assist in a holy war against the Turks. |
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http://www.mrdowling.com/703-byzantine.html
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| | Byzantine Catholic Church in America |
| | Byzcath.org offers web hosting for Byzantine and other Eastern Christian parishes. | | | Metropolitan Basil, head of the Byzantine Catholics of the Archeparchy of Pittsburgh, ask his faithful to remember those ravaged by the storms. | | | Links to Byzantine Catholic and other Eastern Catholic parishes on the web. |
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http://www.byzcath.org
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| | Byzantine Studies : a basic bibliography |
| | Byzantine theology : historical trends and doctrinal themes. | | | His "Prolegomena to a Historiography of Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture" (p.xxiii) is unique and interesting. | | | Early Christian and Byzantine architecture : an annotated bibliography and historiography |
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http://www.byzantine.nd.edu/bibliography.html
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| | byzrelatedsites.html |
| | Jean-Michel Spieser for his courses in early Christian and Byzantine art and archeology at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. | | | The new website for the American Society of Byzantine Music and Hymnography, founded in 2002 | | | Bredius Foundation: The aim of the A. Bredius Foundation is the furtherance of Byzantne studies with particular reference to: the study of theological, cultural, and historical aspects of the liturgies of the Eastern Churches; Byzantine musicology; the languages that are or were spoken in regions where the Eastern Churches are or were present. |
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http://www.doaks.org/byzrelatedsites.html
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| | Liturgies |
| | This is the a funeral service according to Byzantine Catholic tradition. | | | This is the Liturgy (mass) used on most Sunday's and Weekday's in the Byzantine Churches in Espanol. | | | This is the Liturgy (mass) used on most Sunday's and Weekday's in the Byzantine Churches. |
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http://www.byzantines.net/liturgy
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| | ArtLex on Byzantine Art |
| | Early Byzantine art is often called "Early Christian art." | | | The figures also tend to appear to be floating, and to have large eyes. | | | Making generalizations about the visual culture of any group of people is a crude endeavor, especially with a culture as diverse as Byzantium's. |
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http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/b/byzantine.html
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium |
| | Also an example of Byzantine Antisemitism, and a version of the Blood libel. | | | Professions of Faith Extracted from Jews on Baptism, Visgothic and Byzantine | | | The account of her father, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I, by Princess Anna Comnena is perhaps the most important historical work by a woman writer written before the modern period. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html
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| | Byzantine Books - www.byzantinebooks.com |
| | Byzantine Diplomacy is Volume 1 in the series published by Variorum for the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies. | | | Publications of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies | | | This is not just a narrow study of political relations, but a panoramic sweep from Italy to the steppes of Central Asia, from the imperial court to the marriage bed, from the scriptorium to the barracks. |
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http://www.storesonline.com/members/byzantinebooks/A0070.html
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| | ACM Presents DOUG SMITH: Lettered Byzantine Bronzes" |
| | Many later folles were overstruck on older coins which were clipped to reduce the weight. | | | This coin was shown on my page on Byzantine Overstrikes. | | | These denominationally marked bronzes were the standard of the Byzantine world for nearly three centuries. |
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http://www.ancientcoinmarket.com/ds/byz
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| | Byzantine art -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | (Early Christian art in the eastern part of the Roman Empire is usually considered to be part of Byzantine art; q.v.) The Christian religion was part of a general trend in the late Roman Empire toward... | | | Loss of territory, internal discord, and defeats by the crusaders were blows from which the empire could not recover. | | | The effect of Germanic metalworking techniques is also seen in the decorative arts, but the ornamentation of these pieces, most notably a... |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018408
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| | Byzantine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A citizen of the Byzantine Empire, or a native Greek during the middle ages. | | | This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. | | | A manner of speech and bearing - see Derogatory use of 'Byzantine' |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine
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| | Byzantine Macedonia |
| | Its importance was even greater after the conquest of the eastern Byzantine provinces by the Arabs, despite Slavic and Bulgarian incursions, which impeded movement over land routes. | | | Among a number of other towns and cities, Thessalonike, situated at an intersection of routes, was naturally suited to be an administrative, economic, religious, and cultural centre. | | | The outstanding importance of Macedonia in the age of Byzantium arose from the strategic position it occupied between the area around the Danube and the more southern region of the Balkans, on the one hand, Constantinople and the Adriatic Sea, on the other. |
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http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/HellenicMacedonia/en/A2.html
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| | Byzantine Empire on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Mehmet II was the Turkish invador who conquered the Byzantine empire in 1453 and brought Islam to Turkey. | | | The medieval world.(Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation; The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition; The Orphans of Byzantium: Child Welfare in the Christian Empire; The Cross Goes... | | | Decline of the Byzantine Empire, 1100 -- Danube River, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Rome, Adriatic Sea, Bulgaria, Greece, Constantinople, Anatolia, Aegean Sea, Alexandria, Egypt, Nile River, Eup |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/B/ByzantinE1mp.asp
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| | Byzantine Music |
| | Katerina Sitaras Makiej was born in Morgantown, West Virginia, the fourth child of an immigrant Greek Orthodox Priest and his wife. | | | Byzantine Ecclesiastical chant using the eight-tone system is the par excellence "voice" of the Greek Orthodox Church. | | | Testimony to this is the historical footnote of Russian legates visiting Constantinople in the 10th century prior to the conversion of the Slavs to Christianity proclaiming that "they were surely in heaven during worship' listening to the hymnography/music of the Great Church of the Holy Wisdom (Hagia Sophia). |
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http://www.ancienthymns.com
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| | Byzantine Chant Studies Page |
| | This article features some answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Byzantine Chant. | | | The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki has a page devoted to modern scholarly studies of Byzantine musical tradition. | | | I don't know how to simplify most of these things further without degrading the musical theory involved. |
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http://chant.theologian.org
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| | Byzantine Antiquities at AncientCoinArt.com |
| | Byzantine or medieval bronze cross ring with some inscription "??MAX". | | | A large Byzantine bronze cross with gemstone center and elaborate segmented design. | | | Byzantine bronze cross with interesting herringbone pattern Jesus. |
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http://www.wildwinds.com/aca/antiquities/byzantine/i.html
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| | The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights |
| | Increased interest in Byzantine art amongst Russian scholars and collectors in the 19th and early 20th century led to the formation of some superb private collections, the greatest of which are now concentrated in the Hermitage. | | | Byzantine metalwork of the 6th to 7th centuries is famous worldwide and the Hermitage owns some magnificent examples, such as a dish with an inscription containing the name of Bishop Paternus (lived in the late 5th and early 6th century), and skillfully executed 7th-century dishes with Antique motifs (Silenus and Maenads and Meleager and Atalanta). | | | The Hermitage collection of Byzantine seals, in total some 12,000 items, is the second largest in the world.There are also large numbers of carved stones, coins, mosaics and enamel pieces, spanning the whole period of the existence of Byzantium. |
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http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_5_3.html
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| | Byzantine Art - Artists, Artworks and Biographies |
| | However, it continued to have some influence in other Orthodox nations such as Russia. | | | Byzantine paintings are identified by their rich colors and flat, large-eyed figures. | | | The intention of Byzantine artists was to teach the viewer religious lessons, therefore the images were clear and easily understood |
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http://www.wwar.com/masters/movements/byzantine.html
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| | Byzantium: History |
| | The results of the cultural development of the Byzantine Empire during these centuries has had a lasting impact on such modern nations as Albania, Armenia, Belorus', Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Rumania, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Syria, Ukraine, and Turkey. | | | he Byzantine Empire, founded when the capital of the Roman Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in 324, existed in the eastern Mediterranean area until the fifteenth century. | | | For the Greeks say that two-thirds of the wealth of this world is in Constantinople and the other third scattered throughout the world." |
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http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/byz_1.html
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| | NetSERF: Civilizations: Byzantine |
| | This site is dedicated to the study of Byzantine history. | | | One of the most interesting features are a number of images of Byzantine documents to study your paleography. | | | "This website has been prepared as a WWW gathering point for Byzantine studies." |
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http://www.netserf.org/Civilizations/Byzantine
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| | Byzantine |
| | Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship. | | | pertaining to or designating the style of the fine or decorative arts developed and elaborated in the Byzantine Empire and its provinces: characterized chiefly by an ecclesiastically prescribed iconography, highly formal structure, severe confinement of pictorial space to a shallow depth, and the use of rich, often sumptuous color. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/Byzantine
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| | ART HISTORY RESOURCES: Part 7 Art of the Middle Ages |
| | Early Byzantine Art, from the Age of Justinian (527-565) to the Beginning of Iconoclasm (726) | | | Byzantine Medieval Hypertexts (Tatiana Nikolova-Houston, doctoral student in the School of Information at the University of Texas at Austin) | | | Early Christian and Byzantine (through AICT: Art Images for College Teaching) |
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http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHmedieval.html
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| | The Roman-Byzantine Period |
| | Meet the prominent People of the Roman Byzantine Period | | | Fifteen years later, in 620, the Emperor Heraclius restored Byzantine rule and returned the cross to its place. | | | Drink from the Water System of the Roman Byzantine Period |
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http://jeru.huji.ac.il/ed1.htm
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| | Byzantine Recipes |
| | In fact, only very tempting references to Byzantine cooking are found tucked into diplomatic reports and biographies of the Imperial family. | | | We know that the Empress Lupicina of the Danube Valley was a cook, and that Theodora, wife of Justinian, imported cooks from Persia, India, Syria and the Greek mainland to serve at her court. | | | Tselementes provides no documentation for any of the recipes in this book. |
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http://www.godecookery.com/byznrec/byznrec.htm
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| | Byzantine and Christian Museum - Periodical Exhibitions |
| | he Museum Library is open to researchers, scholars and students of the Byzantine civilisation. | | | In recent yars an addition and a large extension with basement and buildings in part above ground have been made. | | | he collections of the Byzantine Museum show the course of Greek art from the 4th to the 19th century. |
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http://www.culture.gr/2/21/214/21404m/e21404m1.html
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| | Byzantine Art - Web Resources and Image Links |
| | Early Christian And Byzantine Art from Art Images For College Teaching. | | | For specific historical periods, please use the navigation links at the bottom of this page. | | | Byzantine Art - Web Resources and Image Links |
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http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/byzantium/byzantium.html
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| | Byzantine or round chess |
| | Byzantine chess, also called round chess, is an about 1000 year old variant of the game of Shatranj. | | | Consider me a sale if there is one. | | | It was popular in the 10th century after Christ in Byzantium (the city now called Istanbul), and hence is called Byzantine chess. |
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http://www.chessvariants.com/historic.dir/byzantine.html
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| | Traditional Icons |
| | Traditional Byzantine Iconography studios uses 23k pure gold leaf for the background or you may purchase icons with gold only in the halo with a painted background or no gold at all [see ordering page for examples]. | | | Please consider purchasing hand painted Byzantine icons from Traditional Byzantine Iconography because icons are a very important part of the Christian lifestyle. | | | Although icons are thought of as windows into heaven we must remember that they are also windows used in which those in heaven see us. |
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http://www.traditionaliconography.com
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| | Orthodox Byzantine Iconography, Welcome |
| | We are aware of the fact that numerous believers will direct their prayers and fears to them and they will be objects of piety and veneration; for holy icons "though constructed of material, are filled with Divine Grace" | | | elcome to our web site in what we hope will be an interesting journey into Byzantine Art. | | | In the following pages we will analyze, step by step, the techniques we follow and the way we have been working for the past 29 years. |
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http://www.byzarticon.gr
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| | Byzantine Icons: A Guide to Byzantine Icons, Frescoes and Mosaics - Welcome Page |
| | The Purpose of this website is to enable the visitor to re-discover and experience the beauty and deeper meaning of Traditional Byzantine Icons, the visual and spiritual treasures of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and an integral part of the Orthodox Christian Faith. | | | Byzantine Empire, on the History of Icons and Mosaics, on Iconoclasm, and on Eastern Orthodoxy, to just name a few subjects. | | | A Guide to Byzantine Icons, Frescoes and Mosaics - from Constantinople to Macedonia to Russia, and around the world |
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http://www.iconsexplained.com
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| | The Byzantine Fresco Chapel |
| | These masterworks from the 13th century -- a dome and an apse -- were ripped and stolen out of a chapel near Lysi in the Turkish occupied section of Cyprus in the 1980's, cut into pieces, and smuggled off the island by thieves prepared to sell them piece by piece. | | | The Byzantine Fresco Chapel Museum was opened in February 1997. | | | Intimate in scale (4,000 square feet), the Chapel Museum is the repository in the United States for the only intact Byzantine frescoes in the entire western hemisphere. |
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http://www.menil.org/byzantine.html
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| | Byzantine Art: Artists and their Works |
| | The Byzantine style basically ended with the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453, during the European Renaissance. | | | Byzantine art was completely focused on the needs of the Orthodox church, in the painting of icons and the decoration of churches with frescoes and mosaics. | | | Byzantine art is the art of the Byzantine Empire, centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul). |
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http://www.artcyclopedia.com/history/byzantine.html
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| | THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE |
| | With its political structure anchored in Greek tradition and a new religion stimulated by Greek philosophy, the Byzantine Empire survived a millennium of triumphs and declines until Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. | | | The Byzantine Empire was established with the foundation of Constantinople, but the final separation of the eastern and western empires was not complete until the late fifth century. |
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http://www.gogreece.com/learn/history/Byzantine_empire.html
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