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| | The Battle of Zama |
 | | Scipio's critics would argue that he did not so much outwit Hannibal, as merely copy his tactics in extending the line of battle and allow for his superior troops to do the damage. | | | There has been a traditional simplifying view that Hannibal encircled his enemy at Cannae and was defeated by the same tactics at Zama. | | | Had Scipio been unable to defeat Hannibal in a pure infantry engagement, his superior cavalry did the job for him. |
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http://www.roman-empire.net/army/zama.html
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| | Zama |
| | At the end of this battle some 20,000 Carthaginians had been killed and 20,000 more taken prisoner. | | | His tactic there of effectively surrounding his opponent and crushing them would not have worked at Zama and with this defeat the end of the Carthaginian Empire came about. | | | His domination, such legendary battles as Cannae and much more was behind him. |
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http://www.visbellica.com/Scenarios/Zama/sc_zama.htm
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| | All Empires History Forum: Zama and Cannae: The Better Showing? |
| | This was invaluable for his battle victories, but not for gaining allies throughout Italy. | | | He doesn't deny it, but in his account of Zama, he conspicuously doesn't mention it. | | | If Scipio had lost at Zama, Roman dominance would have been merely delayed, albeit for some years. |
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http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=39&PN=1
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| | Describe A Battle - History Forum |
| | There is no way Scipio would have been hanging on in the final stages of the battle if his infantry had been outnumbered significantly, such as 50,000 vs. 23,000 or so as Appian claims. | | | At this crucial stage in the battle, Napoleon smelled blood and noticed the Prussians massing on their right flank. | | | But his account of the battle presents ground for modern speculation. |
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http://www.simaqianstudio.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=2139
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| | The Battle of Zama |
| | Scipio was in a difficult position on the coast awaiting his new Numidian allies, while Hannibal was in position to block their junction. | | | The site of the battle appears to have been fought on a flat featureless plain. | | | Hannibal, upon hearing that Africanus Publius Cornelius Scipio was conducting a scorched earth policy around Zama, left his base in Hadrumetum. |
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http://www.barca.fsnet.co.uk/zama.htm
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| | User Posts |
| | Our response MUST be as symbolically memorable to the Arab world, or these attacks will continue. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/user-posts?id=52159
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| | Battles That Changed History |
| | Darius, the leader of Persia, Egypt, Babylon, and India, decided to become the ruler of Greece as well. | | | As a result, Germany abandoned its plan for invasion. | | | This was the opening battle of the American Revolution. |
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http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0769941.html
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| | The Trial Of Hannibal ! - Ancient Roman Empire Forums |
| | As I said at the start of my post the events were HYPOTHETICAL ! So I said Hannibal was caught after Zama, I know this was not what happened it was just another way to start the post, put a "twist" on things thats all ! ;) But thanks for retelling the actual events! | | | Where as Nero cut off hasdubrals head, his brother, and threw it in Hannibals camp.). | | | When he killed a general in battle he did funeral services in his honor and returned the body to his family. |
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http://www.unrv.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=1330
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| | Battle of Zama (202 BC) |
| | Zama appears to have been fought on a flat featureless plain. | | | His brother Hasdrubal had followed his route across the Alps in 208 BC and there must have seemed to be hope. | | | Hannibal formed up his forces with Numidian light cavalry on the left wing and other cavalry on the right. |
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http://fanaticus.org/DBA/battles/zama.html
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| | Battle of Zama |
| | In 202 BC, Hannibal learned that Publius Cornelius Scipio was devastating the area around Zama and left his base in Hadrumetum to confront him. | | | Scipio chose the site of his own camp for the battle, situated on a natural spring. | | | He hoped that his activities in the important area near Zama would draw Hannibal away from his defensive works at Hadrumetum and Carthage. |
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http://www.unrv.com/empire/battle-of-zama.php
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| | Battle of Zama |
| | "Battle of Zama (202 BC)" by Chris Jones, Fanaticus web site (http://fanaticus.org/DBA/index.html) | | | This is the second version of the Battle of Zama Rules. | | | The battle, which had seemed to be going well for the Romans, was suddenly too close to call. |
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http://www.juniorgeneral.org/rome/zama2.html
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| | The Baldwin Project: The Story of Rome by Mary Macgregor |
| | Twenty thousand Carthaginians were said to have fallen, and almost as many to have been taken prisoner, while the Romans did not lose more than fifteen thousand men. | | | These spaces were at the beginning of the battle filled with soldiers, who irritated the elephants with darts and then stepped swiftly aside. | | | He had but just determined to change his camp and move to a better position in which to face the enemy. |
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http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=macgregor&book=rome&story=zama
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| | The Early Empire |
| | The then Roman Republic learned quickly what a boost to the economy victory could bring, and began to look for other areas for potential gain. | | | The 2nd Century B.C.E. saw Rome as the master of the Mediterranean World. | | | In 202 B.C.E, the Romans defeated Hannibal in North Africa at the Battle of Zama, destroying any comparable competition to it's considerable Trade Empire. |
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http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~lmann/Emp.1.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Meanwhile, Hannibal was thwarted in his attempts to invade Rome. | | | This was not before Rome suffered the two worst military defeats of its history, the Battle of Lake Trasimene,and the Battle of Cannae. | | | This journey has gained further recognition because of his use of elephants on the treck and in battle. |
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http://www.dl.ket.org/latin2/historia/republic/punic3.htm
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| | Battle of Zama -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Scipio advanced southwestward to join the Numidian prince Masinissa, who was bringing his invaluable cavalry to his support. | | | Then he turned eastward to face Hannibal at the Battle of Zama; his outflanking tactics failed against... | | | Although accused of having misconducted the war, he was made a suffete (a civil magistrate) in addition to retaining his military command, and as suffete he was able to... |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9078217
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| | Zama by Colin Brien |
| | Written for the Idaho State University Concert Band, Zama is a four movement work based on the historical Putin Wars between Rome and Carthage. | | | The defeat of Hanibal and his Carthanagian empire took place at the site of Zama. | | | The soldiers are sent off to war after their territory has been pillaged and ravaged by Hanibal's armies. |
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http://www.yellowstonewilderness.com/eng/composers/colinbrien/recordings/zama.html
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| | The Battle of Cannae |
| | Preparing for battle, he now ordered his light troops at the front to fall back and act as reserves. | | | Rome put a massive infantry force into the field against him. | | | Defeat in this battle was a blow from which Rome should be reeling for some time to come. |
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http://www.roman-empire.net/army/cannae.html
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| | The Punic Wars |
| | It should be remembered, however, that in the general medley of the battle he was one of the few to keep control of his nerves, and until the moment when the Northener Ducarius ran him through with his lance, he bravely tried to reorganize his men. | | | The battle continued for three hours, and 15,000 Roman soldiers who sought escape in the waters of the lake were killed. | | | According to some scholars, the truncated cone-shaped ditches cut out of the limestone, found in the Tuoro area, are possibly a system Hannibal devised for burning the many corpses which might have caused epidemics. |
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http://idcs0100.lib.iup.edu/westcivi/thepunic.htm
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| | Epoch Report |
| | He became Julius Caesar’s successor to the empire after his assassination in 44 BC. | | | This was the battle that was the mark of the start of the | | | Since he was having an affair, he divorced his wife (who was the sister of Octavian), and that’s what brought himself and the Roman ruler to war. |
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http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~gdc/sp05/epoch/300-0.htm
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| | The Punic Wars |
| | Scipio used much the same tactics at Zama as Hannibal had at Cannae. | | | He allowed his infantry to give way while his cavalry executed a flanking maneuver. | | | He knew of Hannibal's plans and had his own plan in place. |
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http://history.boisestate.edu/westciv/punicwar/14.shtml
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| | Zama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. | | | Zama, Kanagawa, a city of Kanagawa prefecture, Japan | | | Camp Zama, a United States Army base in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zama
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| | The Battle of Zama |
| | Scipio had never faced Hannibal as a commander before, though he had gained his first experiences as a soldier against him. | | | His father and uncle had commanded armies against Hannibal several times, and had been defeated and finally killed in battle against him in Spain. | | | The Romans had one unique benefit going into the battle - they were all Roman or Italian. |
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http://home.alltel.net/scottposs/zama.htm
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| | MSN Encarta - Ancient Rome |
| | He later became known as Scipio Africanus the Elder when his adopted grandson also became a military hero. | | | The consuls were authorized to attack, but Hannibal outsmarted his adversaries, and his cavalry overwhelmed the Roman legions at the Battle of Cannae in 216 bc. | | | It also had the greatest navy in the Mediterranean, while the Romans had never fought on the sea. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552589_4/Ancient_Rome.html
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| | Military Zone - British Council |
| | The Battle of Zama in 202 BC between Carthage and Rome, where Hannibal came up against Scipio, one of Rome’s greatest military leaders, was a good example of these limitations. | | | More battles were won by Hannibal without elephants than with them, and against a skillful strategist, they were shown to be highly problematic. | | | This time, however, Scipio had postioned his troops in normal battle formation but with instructions to break into separate, flexible columns, known as maniples. |
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http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/militaryenglish/magazine/people.asp?person=69
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| | Hannibal: Ancient Rome's Greatest Enemy |
| | This time around, it was Hannibal and his troops who were tired and had to hurry into battle. | | | Had his father enjoyed a similar knack for military genius and for inspiring men into fierce battle, things might have been different. | | | He it was who argued, successfully as it turned out, that the way to beat Hannibal was to take the fight to his homeland. |
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http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/worldhistory/hannibal4.htm
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| | Major Battles |
| | Scipio and Hannibal met at the battle of Zama. | | | The Battle of Cannae "backfired", with a roman defeat and a loss of up to twenty five thousand men. | | | After the Battle of Actium, the Roman Republic was no longer a republic, rather it was an empire ruled by a single man. There were no very major battles, and an era of peace called the Pax Romana ensued. |
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http://rome.itgo.com/history.html
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| | Rome: The Punic Wars |
| | At Zama in northern Africa, Hannibal, fighting against Scipio and his army, met his first defeat. | | | The battle had proven that Fabius was right all along to avoid direct battles, so the Romans went back to his strategy of waiting out Hannibal. | | | Hannibal was one of the great strategic generals in history; all during his war with Rome he never once lost a major battle, although he had lost a couple small skirmishes. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ROME/PUNICWAR.HTM
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| | The Impact of Emerging Technologies: On Display: the Unthinkable - Technology Review |
| | Straight-faced, the director of the museum explained that, in their time, these creatures had been considered absolute weapons, too dreadful to be used. | | | Museum visitors, then, are told that thermonuclear bombs and the battle elephants from the classical world are analogous examples of weapons systems that were regulated by the mutual agreement of warring groups. | | | After winning a Cold War that never came to direct military conflict, the United States became the only superpower, in 1991. |
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http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/05/07/issue/review_display.asp
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| | Appian's History of Rome: The Punic Wars |
| | Those who were still engaged, not knowing the cause of his going, thought that he had fled. | | | Scipio hastened to recall the Romans from the pursuit, and formed a new line of battle much stronger than those who were coming against him, by which means he overcame them without difficulty. | | | Scipio learned this, he feared for Massinissa and hastened to his relief, but he found that the latter had bound up his wound and returned to the fight on a fresh horse. |
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http://www.livius.org/ap-ark/appian/appian_punic_10.html
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| | battle of Zama - definition of battle of Zama by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | battle of Zama - the battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | Punic War - one of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome; 264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, 149-146 BC Republic of Tunisia, Tunisia - a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern Tunisia is mostly desert" |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/battle+of+Zama
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| | Abebooks Search Results - Zama |
| | This biography recounts all of Hannibal's dazzling conquests - and his ultimate defeat at Zama. | | | Famed for his incredible fifteen day journey across the alps and for his great victories over the Romans at Trebia and Cannae, he remained undefeated in battle until his raw armies were crushed by Scipio at Zama in 203BC, leaving Carthage at the mercy of the hated Romans. | | | Superb on-location reconstructionss and re-enactments convey the savagery of battle in the ancient world; period imagery and expert comment and analysis combine to tell the story of one of military history's great generals in an authoritative but entertaining manner. |
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http://www.abebooks.co.uk/search/sortby/3/kn/Zama
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| | Alt Zama 202 BCE |
| | Scipio seeing this move, has also supported his wings with light troops. | | | Scipio's Roman army comprises his veteran legions, numbering some 25,000 heavy infantry formed into their normal manipular formation and 5,000 velites screening the heavies and supporting Laelius on the left flank, with his 2,500 Roman and Italian horse. | | | In this scenario, Mago has survived his wounds and leads his Ligurians, Celtic and Balearic mercenaries in the first infantry line, while Hannibal decides to position he's unreliable elephants in reserve, on the flanks to support his weak cavalry wings. |
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http://www.wargamer.com/greatbattles/altZama202bce.asp
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| | Poke's Fifteen Decisive Battles |
| | Hasdrubal had been anxious to bring Livius and Porcius to battle, though he had not judged it expedient to attack them in their lines. | | | But at last Nero, who found that Hasdrubal refused his left wing, and who could not overcome the difficulties of the ground in the quarter assigned to him, decided the battle by another stroke of that military genius which had inspired his march. | | | The people of Rome were now quite otherwise affected than they had been when L. AEmilius Paulus and C. Terentius Varro were sent against Hannibal. |
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http://www.standin.se/fifteen04a.htm
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| | Battles of the Roman Republic |
| | Caesar was the only remaining Triumvir, most of the senate had been killed either by Caesar or in battle, and the army was fiercely loyal to him. | | | This was a crippling blow to the Romans, and eventually led to their total fear of Hannibal and unwillingness to engage him in open battle again until Zama. | | | Pompey fled to Egypt where he was killed by the locals before Caesar could get to him. |
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http://oncampus.richmond.edu/academics/classics/students/dave/ROMAN/battles.html
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| | Warhammer Historical |
| | The two great commanders met - for the first time - for a conference, and there is reason to suspect that they determined upon a set-piece battle to end the war. | | | Zama was the final great confrontation of the Second Punic War. | | | A Warhammer Ancient Battles game organised by Gripping Beast and Warhammer Historical. |
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http://www.warhammer-historical.com/events/battle-of-zama1.htm
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| | Zama, Battle of |
| | The blue bands are a shade known as ‘celeste’, said to be the colour of the sky which inspired Argentine revolutionary Manuel Belgrano before battle. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0002738.html
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| | Trafford Publishing: Master of Horse |
| | I have before you two prime specimens from the barbarians of the north." He pointed to the man. "He was captured by the forces of the good Hannibal Barca during one of his many battles with the Romans. | | | Publius Cornelius Scipio (Africanus): After his father survived a devastating defeat by Hannibal, and was later killed in a loss to Mago and Masinissa, young Scipio finally faced the great general at Zama. | | | Why did Hannibal Barca lose to Scipio at the battle of Zama in Africa, when he had defeated Roman armies in Italy for 18 years? |
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http://www.trafford.com/4dcgi/robots/02-1119.html
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| | Battle of Zama |
| | He acknowledged, in the senate-house, that he was vanquished not only in the recent battle but in the whole of the war; and that there was no other hope of avoiding ruin, but in obtaining peace. | | | Hannibal, after exerting their last effort of bravery, having fled to Hadrumetum, on receiving a summons, returned to Carthage, in the thirty-sixth year after he had left it, and when a boy. | | | Any information found on this website is available for non-commercial use only. |
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http://www.barca.fsnet.co.uk/zama-text.htm
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| | Hotel LA FORÊT |
| | Zama battle signed the end of Carthaginian civilization. | | | It was a center of Carthaginian influence annexed to Numidian Kingdom by Massinissa in 155 BC, and saved it from Roman destruction after the famous battle of Zama in 202 BC which ended the Punic wars and the end of the Carthaginian civilization. | | | 1 hour from Makthar (Mactaris) On your way back to La Forêt, have just a glance to Zama, nearby. |
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http://www.hotellaforet.com.tn/culture.htm
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