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| | Axum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The kingdom was at its height under king Ezana, baptized as Abreha, in the 300s AD (which was also when it officially embraced Christianity). | | | Despite a 1947 United Nations agreement that the obelisk would be shipped back, Italy balked, resulting in a long-standing diplomatic dispute with the Ethiopian government, which views the obelisk as a symbol of national identity. | | | This article is about the city of Axum. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axum
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| | Special Report: The Axum Obelisk Returns, but Some Still Grumble |
| | Axum, as the historic center of the Tigray region and seat of the Orthodox Patriarch, is viewed as the exclusive home of the country's political and ecclesiastical elite. | | | The nation's politics have historically been dominated by the Tigrians, an ethnic minority that makes up about 6 percent of the population. | | | Special Report: The Axum Obelisk Returns, but Some Still Grumble |
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http://www.archaeology.org/0507/etc/specialreport.html
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| | ETHIOPIA |
| | The City-State of Axum, with the Port of Adulia on the Red Sea, would became an international shipping center. | | | This period is a marked by a medieval Ethiopia with nomadic Kings, no fixed capital and war against Islam. | | | -1270 A.D. Yekuno Amlak founds the Solomonic Dynasty claiming descent from the ancient rulers of Axum and the King of Israel. |
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http://www.internetpuppets.org/afrethiopia.html
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| | BBC NEWS World Africa Obelisk points to ancient Ethiopian glory |
| | Profiting from this trade Axum grew into the dominant force in the Red Sea area and an ally of Constantinople - eventual capital of the Greek-speaking, and Christian, Byzantine Empire. | | | The Ethiopian authorities accused Italy of foot-dragging over the issue, while Rome blamed the slow progress on the difficulty and cost of moving such a massive stone between two continents. | | | Axum continued to flourish until the 6th Century, when the rise of the Persian Empire and conquests by Muslim Arabs cut the city off from its international trade network and contact with other Christian countries. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4376627.stm
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| | Abebooks Search Results - Axum |
| | The christian topography and the Kingdom of Axum. | | | "The Christian Topography and the Kingdom of Axum. | | | Shows a view of the Church at Axum. |
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http://www.abebooks.co.uk/search/sortby/3/kn/Axum
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| | Civilizations in Africa: Axum |
| | Ezana declared Axum to be a Christian state, thus making it the first Christian state in the history of the world, and began actively converting the population to Christianity. | | | However, in the fourth century, Ezana, who was a folllower of Axumite religion, converted to Christianity under the tutelage of a Syrian bishop named Frumentius. | | | So the Ethiopians, unlike other Christians, really saw themselves as inheriting the covenants that Yahweh entered into with his chosen people (as a side note, the Ethiopic Church claims to have the Ark of the Covenant which is the chest in which the Decalogue was kept by the Hebrews). |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/AXUM.HTM
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| | Axum's ancient treasure |
| | or so around Axum; the province had a significant Jewish population until almost all of its Jews left for Israel by way of Sudan in the early 1980s. | | | Posted on 12/29/2005 9:54:10 AM EST by emiller | | | Axum also purportedly houses a historical artifact of great interest to Jews: the Ark of the Covenant. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1619913/posts
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| | Ethiopia-txts |
| | Axum in the Sixth Century A.D. Despite the drama of the Christianization of Nubia, geography dictated that the later Roman Emperors would seek the alliance of Axum and not the Nubian kingdoms in their struggle with Sassanid Persia for hegemony in the Red Sea basin. | | | This was what they saw on their journey. | | | The Christianization of Axum in the mid-fourth century A.D. was a fundamental turning point in the history of Ethiopia. |
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http://www29.homepage.villanova.edu/christopher.haas/Ethiopia-txts.htm
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| | Axum |
| | Menelik is reputed to have brought it to Axum, along with 12,000 Jewish children. | | | The African nation's historic route begins in the ancient city of Axum, which dates to about 100 B.C. This capital city was the first place in Ethiopia to adopt a new religion -- Christianity. | | | The Ethiopian Orthodox Church was founded here in the fourth century and Axum remains the holiest city of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. |
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http://www.selamta.net/axum.htm
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| | Axum the first african capitol |
| | Founded perhaps 500 years after the downfall of Yeha, together with its Red Sea port, Adulis. | | | Ethiopia's claim to the lost Ark of the Covenant is a contentious one. | | | This tradition has an ancient pedigree in the Ethiopian highlands that began before the Christian era. |
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http://www.ethiopiatravel.com/Axum_eng.htm
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| | EduNETConnect.com - Time Machine - East Africa |
| | An Abyssinian attack on the Arab city of Mecca was defeated in 570. | | | Shortly after the conquest of Meroe, 350 AD, King Ezana of Axum converts to Christianity and declares it the state religion. | | | A kingdom based on the city of Axum, the forerunner of the kingdom of Abyssinia, becomes the dominant power in eastern Africa. |
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http://www.edunetconnect.com/TimeMachine/eastafrica-1500.php
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| | SudanTribune article : Vast necropolis discovered under Ethiopia’s Axum obelisk site |
| | It is to be re-erected on its orginal site by September or October and the discovery of the necropolis is expected to boost already high archaelogical interest in the Axum area, UNESCO said. | | | Researchers have uncovered a number of tombs in Axum since the 1970s but some had been pillaged and only one such grave — the so-called "Tomb of the False Door" is now open to visitors, according to UNESCO. | | | Vast necropolis discovered under Ethiopia& Axum obelisk site |
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http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=9269
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| | East |
| | Its massive walls house Judaic relics and historic artefacts. | | | Axum, Ethiopia's most ancient city, and capital of one of the most glorious empires of the past, is one of the most illustrious links in the Historic Route. | | | The original monastery was said to be founded by the 6th century Emperor Gabre Maskal. |
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http://www.tourethio.com/travel/hist/axum.htm
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| | RedOrbit - Health - Ethiopia waits for the Axum obelisk: again |
| | Some accuse the government of indifference -- or more cynically, of ignoring the obelisk after using it for pre-election propaganda. | | | The Axum obelisk, stolen by Italian fascist invaders in 1937 and given back last April, still has not been re-erected at its original site, a place that was once the center of Ethiopia's ancient Axumite civilization, a powerful trading empire. | | | AXUM, Ethiopia (Reuters) - Nearly a year after a triumphant return home, three pieces of Ethiopia's national pride are still in their boxes. |
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http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/412186/ethiopia_waits_for_the_axum_obelisk_again/?source=r_health
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| | BBC NEWS World Africa Deadlock over Axum obelisk |
| | But a diplomat told the BBC reporter that that there was a huge problem in shipping the monument through Massawa. | | | Charter company Air Foyle Heavylift, which rents out very large Antonov transport planes, told the BBC's Elizabeth Blunt that they had been approached to fly the obelisk home to Axum, but they had explained that, in its present form, it could not be carried safely. | | | The obelisk was looted from the ancient city of Axum in Ethiopia by Italy's fascist dictator, Benito Mussolini, more than six decades ago. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3656814.stm
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| | Axum |
| | Send mail to webmaster@yebbo.com with questions or comments about this web site. | | | The city of Axum was destroyed in a rebellion by Queen Yodit during which she curtailed the Solomic line by slaughtering all the royal princes. | | | From a young capital to the old city of Axum, once the centre of an influential State founded prior to 500 BC. |
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http://www.yebbo.com/ELT/axum.htm
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| | Keen: Psychic Readings: En Español: axum |
| | Can't believe time has flown bye so soon. | | | I have been in contact with Axum since my very first time back in 7/10/2005 till present. | | | Just waiting to see that his prediction comes to be. |
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http://www.keen.com/categories/categorylist_expand.asp?sid=5344296&gid=0&pmode=0
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| | Tigray - Axum and Adua - Part 3 |
| | Send your questions or comments to by John Graham | | | Although Graham Hancock says he was also refused a view of the Ark, rumours around Axum said that he had managed to bribe his way in to see it. | | | For 12 years before that, essentially 1978-1990, Axum had been rendered unsafe by the battle between the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Derg government. |
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http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2000/12/15-12-00/Travl.htm
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| | Tigray - Axum and Adua - (Part 4) |
| | Send your questions or comments to John Graham at jgraham@telecom.net.et | | | This completes the series on Axum and Adua. | | | This is a large ruin discovered only in the 1950’s, across from a stelae field which would be fascinating if it wasn’t under the shadow of the more impressive Axum field. |
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http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2000/12/22-12-00/Travl.htm
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| | Pilot Guides.com:Axum and the Ark of the Covenant |
| | It was in Axum that King Ezna declared in the early 4th century that Christianity would be the official state religion. | | | The confusion ensues because the Ethiopian clergy believe that there could be more than one true Ark or Tablet, a theory which Hebrew and Greek versions of the bible can support. | | | However, the true symbolic transfer of religious power preceded this political declaration by 1300 years, according to legend. |
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http://www.pilotguides.com/destination_guide/africa/ethiopia/axum.php
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| | Ethiopia - Axum |
| | Axum is situated near the border with Eritrea were there have been conflicts for some time. | | | The Ethiopians claim that the Ark of the Covenant, having left Jerusalem some 3000 years ago, is held within. | | | This really didn't matter, we were is a centre of ancient Christian civilisation, the day was bright and warm, and the atmosphere of Axum was relaxed and friendly. |
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http://www.soer.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/ethiopia/axum.html
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| | Ethiopia, Axum |
| | The guide said she stayed in Israel for a year, had a son by Solomon, and then moved back to Axum. | | | I had to ask, when Italy returned the stela to Axum, would Axum return the ark to Israel? | | | Actually, there were 3002 stelae in the Axum area and 66 at the park. |
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http://www.phillipmartin.info/webpage/travel/AFRICA/text_ethiopia_axum.htm
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| | Sacred Sites of Ethiopia |
| | Scholars believe that Axum was selected as a place of asylum because there existed a close commercial link between the kingdom of Axum and the city-state of Mecca long before the rise of Islam. | | | Axum began to decline in the early decades of the 7th century following the rise and rapid expansion of the Muslim Arabs throughout the Middle East. | | | When the Axumite kingdom converted to Christianity after 331 AD, the Ark of the Covenant was co-opted by the Christian hierarchy and brought from Tana Kirkos to the newly constructed church of St.Mary of Zion in Axum. |
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http://www.sacredsites.com/africa/ethiopia/sacred_sites_ethiopia.html
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| | Axum Design & Engineering Corporation |
| | The ark of the covenant from the Temple of Solomon was later brought on by this child (King Menelik) on his return from visiting with his father.The Church of Tsion Mariam (Mary of Zion) is believed to have preserved the Ark up to the present day. | | | Axum is the site of many monolithic stone oblisks, one of the engineering wonders of the ancient world. | | | Axum is considered the holy city of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. |
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http://www.axumcorp.com/history.htm
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| | afrol News - Axum obelisk has returned to Ethiopia |
| | A number of tombs, some of them pillaged, have been discovered in Axum since the 1970s. | | | Only one of the Axum tombs, the Tomb of the False Door, is open to the public. | | | The Axum archaeological site consists of three parts containing 176 stelae: the Northern Site, the Gudit Stelae Field named after the Jewish Queen who took power in the 10th century, and the central area where the stele, now known as the Axum Obelisk, used to stand. |
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http://www.afrol.com/articles/16237
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Axum |
| | Axum claims to hold in the innermost recesses of its cathedral the original Tables of the Law and the tabout, or Ark of the Covenant that the Abyssinians say was brought from Jerusalem to their ancient fortress of Ava by Menelek, the son of Solomon, and the Queen of Sheba, and transferred later to Axum. | | | Its sacred enclosure is not only the centre of ecclesiastical life, but also one of the most honoured sanctuaries in Abyssinia, where any criminal can find shelter by ringing the bell in the porch and declaring three times in a loud voice his intention of claiming a refuge. | | | Axum became a Christian city in the time of St. Athanasius of Alexandria, who consecrated its first bishop, St. Frumentius, still honoured as the great patron of Abyssinia; since which time (c. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02163a.htm
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| | Kingdom Of Axum |
| | Few kings in ancient times could have found more powerful group of nations to rule. | | | The Axumites, like other ancient Africans, created buildings to express their faith in their religion and their belief in the grandeur of their kingdom. | | | The first king of Axum was Ezana I. King Ezana I was the paramout king of a large empire that included Axum, Arabia, Saba, Abyssinia, Beja, and Moroe. |
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http://www.geocities.com/ps5kingdoms/Axum
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| | Parks - Sister Cities' Parks - Axum |
| | It is reported to have been the capital city of the legendary Queen of Sheba. | | | It is interesting to note that the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, one of the oldest Christian institutions in the world, is perhaps the only ohne to use replicas of the Ark in its prayer rituals for centuries. | | | Axum, Ethiopia is a city over 2,500 years old which is located in the northern Ethiopian region of Tigray. |
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http://www.denvergov.org/Parks/template21708.asp
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| | STARTREK.COM : Biography |
| | Unfortunately, this meant that Axum and Annika — who had rekindled their romance — would be separated a second time, but they bid each other farewell with a promise that he would one day find her again. | | | This was done to empower those people to begin a resistance movement from within the Collective. | | | Three years after Seven was severed from the Collective, Axum found a way to contact her again and solicit her help to save Unimatrix Zero. |
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http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/library/character/bio/1120166.html
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| | afrol News - Axum obelisk finally returning to Ethiopia |
| | With this status of the Axum archaeological site, the Italian government also found it difficult to return the looted obelisk, which Rome was obliged to by international law. | | | The Axum obelisk has been in central Rome since 1937, after fascist Italy invaded the Ethiopian Empire. | | | This was reported yesterday by the UN's culture agency, UNESCO, which is to handle the obelisk's reintegration into the World Heritage site at Axum (Aksum) in northern Ethiopia. |
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http://www.afrol.com/articles/15951
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| | Aksum - Chs. 1-3. by Dr. Stuart Munro-Hay. |
| | Pearce was later shown what seems to have been a fruit press, but which he interpreted as being `made by the ancients to prepare some kind of cement in for building'; his Ethiopian friend told him that this had actually been designed as a container for the snake's food. | | | Certainly the discovery of four large-scale elite residences at or near Axum and believed to date to this phase would suggest that probably by the end of the period, Axum was beginning to take on that function. | | | The Englishman Nathaniel Pearce, who lived in Ethiopia in the early nineteenth century, related (Pearce 1831) how these stories were still current amongst the Ethiopians; `In the evening, while sitting with Ozoro, she told me a number of silly tales about Axum, among others a long story about a large snake which ruled the country. |
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http://users.vnet.net/alight/aksum/mhak1.html
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| | Amazon.com: Axum 6.0: Software |
| | This version of Axum (6) definitely is much much less than what it purports to be. | | | With more than 90 plot types available, you can always find the right plot for your project. | | | Create Axum plots in your spreadsheets with new Excel and SPSS add-ins. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00002S5W0
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| | Axum - Ethiopia: Travels of a Youth |
| | Tradition says that in the sixth century King Kaleb, one of Axum's greatest kings, spent his last 26 years there as a hermit after abdicating to his son, Gebra Maskel. | | | And if you were passing by in his day and didn't understand Greek, the message was also written in Ge'ez, the language of Axum at the time, and in Sabean, the then ancient South Arabia language. | | | She lived at least 1200 to 1500 years before these dwellings were first built. |
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http://www.worksandwords.com/etravels/axum.htm
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| | Discovery Channel :: News :: Italy Returns Obelisk to Ethiopia |
| | The country signed a first agreement with the United Nations in 1947 and a second with the Ethiopian government in 1997 for restitution of all looted property, including the Axum obelisk. | | | The funeral stone, or stele, is one of a group of six obelisks erected at Axum when Ethiopia adopted Christianity in the 4th century A.D. It was stolen by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in 1937 and turned into a symbol of fascist power during his short-lived efforts to revive the grandeur of imperial Rome. | | | April 25, 2005— A decades-long diplomatic dispute between Italy and Ethiopia over the looted Axum obelisk was finally put to an end on Monday, as the monument returned home 68 years after it was stolen by Italian fascist troops. |
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http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20050425/obelisk.html
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| | Axum - Handmade African Jewelry |
| | Wossene Beyene, who was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, but who now lives and operates her business out of Bloomfield, New Jersey, USA. | | | AXUM also participates in a number of Trade Fairs worldwide, so if we do not meet through this website, we may well meet at a trade fair in London, Paris, or Rome. | | | Orders may also be made by telephone by calling (00)1-800-275-AXUM (2986) which is toll free in the USA. |
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http://www.axum3.com
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| | Axum, Ethiopia - The Holy City |
| | There is a similar statement in the Essene Book of Revelation. | | | The Axum page at the Ethiopia Travel website is a good one. | | | The other reason is that the Ark of the Covenant is at Axum and the Ark is an obvious thing to gather around at a time of exodus. |
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http://exodus2006.com/Axum.htm
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| | Axum Obelisk To Go Home |
| | David Philipson of Cambridge University, who has been excavating at Axum for the past five years, has found the footings for the obelisk, making it possible to reerect the monument in its original location. | | | He notes, however, that in the area where the obelisk once stood is rich in archaeological deposits that should be investigated before the stela is reerected. | | | These logistical problems aside, scholars are still debating when and where the obelisk should be reerected. |
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http://www.archaeology.org/online/news/axum.html
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| | SudanTribune article : First piece of Axum obelisk finally to return home to Ethiopia on April 13 |
| | Teshome said he expected the other two pieces to arrive by April 23 after which the monument would be re-erected in the ancient town of Axum within one or two months. | | | The obelisk has been a bone of contention between Addis Ababa and Rome for more than half a century, with the Ethiopia accusing Italy of stalling over its return since an agreement between the two governments was signed in 1947. | | | Ethiopia has built a road between the airport at Axum, near the Eritrean border, and the site where the obelisk will be re-erected and plan a national celebration when it is restored to its rightful place. |
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http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=8949
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| | Sister Cities International Clean Water for Axum |
| | A person can build up immunity to unsafe water if he is lucky enough to have survived until age 5. | | | With low-cost, low-tech, and sustainable water treatment techniques, wells that had been shut down because of poor water quality can be put into use, more than doubling the current supply. | | | None of the water in Axum’s reservoir, its private or public wells is safe to drink. |
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http://www.supportsistercities.org/cb/sistercities/pr/1100/proj1065a.html
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| | NPR : Italy Set to Return Seized Obelisk to Ethiopia |
| | More than 15,000 people in Axum signed a petition for its return, and a large celebration is expected to mark the homecoming, Pankhurst says. | | | The first of three pieces will be airlifted at the end of this month. | | | Melissa Block talks with Richard Pankhurst, of the Committee for the Return of the Axum Obelisk, about the homecoming. |
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http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4521849
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| | Desktop Engineering Articles |
| | But then Axum seemed to drop out with no upgrades and lackadaisical marketing. | | | For example, it might plot two variables against each other with a separate plot for each value of a third variable. | | | New to this version is the ability to open an Excel spreadsheet from within Axum and access the data within such sheets for selected import or for direct manipulation by the graphing module. |
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http://www.deskeng.com/articles/02/sept/software1/main_dig.htm
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| | The Axum Obelisk Coming Home to Ethiopia |
| | Messages posted on the Democratic Underground Discussion Forums are the opinions of the individuals who post them, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Democratic Underground, LLC. | | | I have been to Axum on several occasions | | | AXUM, Ethiopia -- A teenage Abebe Alenayehu watched Italian soldiers haul away Axum's revered obelisk nearly seven decades ago and never thought he would live to see its return. |
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http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=102x1403762
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| | Meskel Square: Back to Axum |
| | Posted by aheavens at April 23, 2005 05:36 AM Comments | | | Today, we are flying back to Axum to be there in time for the expected return of the third and final piece on Monday. | | | We have been told that this will be the big official return, with a welcome from the prime minister at the airport and a triumphal parade of all three pieces through the centre of Axum. |
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http://www.meskelsquare.com/archives/2005/04/back_to_axum.html
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| | Aljazeera.Net - Axum Obelisk to return home in May |
| | Copyright and Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, Disclaimer | | | An Ethiopian national treasure, the ancient Axum Obelisk which was plundered by Italy in 1937, will be flown home from Rome in May. | | | Aljazeera.Net - Axum Obelisk to return home in May |
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http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/4CC38F67-A2ED-4393-8508-1D2803B7C5AD.htm
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| | African Timelines Part II: African Empires |
| | Axum spent its religious zeal carving out churches from rocks, and writing and interpreting religious texts. |
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http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline2.htm
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| | Axum |
| | ..the return of Axum obelisk is a symbolic reconciliation, putting aside all the past differences between Ethiopia and Italy, and the beginning of a new chapter in the history of the people of both countries. | | | The 1700 years old Axum obelisk is returning to Ethiopia. |
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http://www.geocities.com/axum_obelisk/axum.htm
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| | Sister Cities International Improve Health in Axum thru Sanitation |
| | Worse, pit latrines are often located near water wells, which contaminate the population’s water. | | | The Committee also works on improving drinking water quality (see Clean Water for Axum project). | | | The Denver-Axum Sister City Committee seeks to raise money for the donation of one new or used medium-size (800 to 1200 gallon capacity) septic truck. |
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http://www.supportsistercities.org/cb/sistercities/pr/1100/proj1064a.html
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| | Amazon.com: Axum 7: Software |
| | New graphics features include probability plot comparison, the Pareto plot, additional formatting options for box plots, improved axis labeling when time and date variables are used, and an enhanced PowerPoint wizard. | | | Axum is being phased out and replaced by SPlus for Windows. | | | Axum 7 features enhanced Excel integration, new statistics tests, new plot types, updated support for importing and exporting data, additional formatting options, faster data access to graphics, a new project management organization, and more. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00005UL0S/firecad-20
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| | Return the Axum Obelisk Petition |
| | The Return the Axum Obelisk Petition to Italian Government was created by Addis Ababa University Alumni and Ethiopian Scholar Network and written by Abebe Kebede for Andreas Eshete and Richard Pankhurst. | | | Trusting to see swift action on the part of your Government, |
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http://www.petitiononline.com/obelisk/petition.html
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