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| | Early travellers and excavators on the Antonine Wall |
 | | The earliest mention of "Graham's Dike" was by the Reverend George Buchanan in the 1580s. | | | Professor Keppie doubted that such a claim would be processed these days. | | | Lawrence concluded his talk with a brief description of the re-excavation of the site in the 1980s. |
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http://www.btinternet.com/~ian.borthwick/LADAS/prog/00_antonine_wall.html
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| | BBC NEWS UK Scotland Roman wall builds heritage claim |
| | Dr Breeze said despite an initially large military presence, the wall was abandoned 20 years later after Antoninus Pius was replaced by Marcus Aurelius. | | | Most of the people in Britain would have been Britons, Gauls or Germans | | | The Antonine Wall bid forms part of a joint application with Austria, Germany and Slovakia to secure protection for the empire's boundaries, which stretched from Iraq to the Black Sea. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/2789239.stm
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| | rogueclassicism: Antonine Wall Update |
| | She said the wall was something young people were very interested in learning more about. | | | Posted by david meadows on Thu, Jul 07, 2005 at 6:59 AM Comment on this post @ Classics Central | | | Scottish tourism minister Patricia Ferguson has backed Historic Scotland's bid to secure European aid to make the historic structure Scotland's fifth World Heritage site, which would put it on a par with the Pyramids of Egypt and the Great Wall of China. |
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http://www.atrium-media.com/rogueclassicism/Posts/00000924.html
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| | Page 6 - Antoninus to Severus |
| | it is possible there may have been an invasion, as Hadrian's wall was extensively reconstructed during Severus' reign. | | | The fact that the Antonine wall garrison was to be almost as numerous as that of Hadrian's wall despite the former being only half the size may be supporting evidence. | | | Inscriptions along Hadrian's wall suggest the northern Antonine wall had been abandoned by 158 CE. |
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http://www.geocities.com/brian_bleich/Britain/page6.html
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| | Antonine Wall |
| | It may be that the new emperor needed the political prestige that would come from a successful foreign campaign (this also would explain why he acknowledged the acclamation of imperator in Britain but not for his other campaigns). | | | Sometime around AD 154, there was a renewal of hostilities, possibly by the Brigantes, and units of the Roman garrison were withdrawn to the south. | | | Although the Antonine Wall was reoccupied by AD 158, its defense still was not tenable and, sometime after Antoninus' death, it was abandoned altogether, perhaps by AD 164. |
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http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/britannia/miscellanea/antoninewall.html
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| | Scotsman.com News - Battle declared for Roman wall |
| | The bid has the support of a Roman re-enactment group, the Antonine Guard. | | | It is believed the majority of the funding for the bid will come from the EU Culture 2000 programme. | | | She said: "I think if it comes to pass it will undoubtedly be the most ambitious World Heritage Site that has been identified. |
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http://news.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=655452005
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| | Hadrian's Wall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Within one generation the Antonine Wall had been abandoned, and Hadrian's Wall was reoccupied. | | | The wall was garrisoned by auxiliary (i.e., non-legionary) units of the army (non-citizens). | | | Arthur and his men were "knights" held in servitude by the Romans who occupied Britain, and later by the Pope. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wall
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| | Antonine Wall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Although most of the wall has been destroyed over time, sections of the wall can still be seen in Bearsden, Kirkintilloch, Twechar, Croy, Falkirk and Polmont. | | | Construction of the Antonine Wall began in 142 CE during the reign of Antoninus Pius, and was completed in 144. | | | The wall was abandoned after only 20 years, when the Roman legions withdrew to Hadrian's Wall in AD After a series of attacks in AD 197, Emperor Septimius Severus arrived in Scotland in AD 208 to secure the frontier, and repaired parts of the wall. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall
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| | Antonine Wall |
| | This wall is called in the popular language of the country Grime's or Graham's Dyke. | | | In the beginning of the reign of Severus, however, the Caledonians again broke out, but were kept in check by Virius Lupus, who appears to have bribed rather than beaten the barbarians into conformity. | | | Along the whole extent of the wall there was a vast ditch or prœtentura on the outward or north side, which was generally twenty feet deep and forty feet wide, and which, there is reason to believe, might be filled with water when occasion required. |
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http://www.electricscotland.com/history/falkirk/falkirk/antonine.htm
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| | Antonine Wall |
| | There is much speculation concerning the wall's period of occupation. | | | The balance of evidence seems to indicate that the Antonine Wall was finally abandoned in about 164, and the Romans withdrew to Hadrian's Wall, which had been undergoing refurbishment since 158. | | | He waged a number of wars, but all of them through his legates. |
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http://www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/a_wall.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The palisade was later replaced by stone and earth walls. | | | Related to this, the Antonine Wall is called the Severan Wall by a series of Late Roman and Dark Age historians including Eutropius, Orosius, and Bede. | | | Most famous is the wall across Britain that was named after him. |
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http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~baojie/history/other/2002-12-24_greatwall.htm
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| | THE ANTONINE WALL - |
| | It has been estimated that around 7000 legionaries were involved in the building project, and that the work could have been completed in 250 days. | | | The forts were the base and home for the Roman soldiers and auxiliary units defending the Wall, and provide one of the principal sources of archaeological information on the life of the Roman soldier. | | | There is little archaeological evidence of significant attacks on the Antonine Wall, and life for a soldier stationed there was probably mostly uneventful. |
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http://www.freewebs.com/antoninewall
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| | The Antonine Wall, Scotland |
| | Terence Odlin: The Antonine Wall and Hadrian's Wall | | | Forts along the old Hadrian's Wall were re-occupied, and there were new hostilities among the Romans and the Pictii. | | | In another measure, to further increase security, the native tribesmen between the two walls were deported to Germany to fight for the Romans there. |
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http://www.tartans.com/articles/antoninewall.html
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| | Romans in Scotland - The Antonine Wall |
| | Behind the wall was a cambered gravel road with drainage ditches either side - the Military Way- which allowed movement of troops and materials. | | | The Antonine Wall was built by the soldiers of the Second Augusta, the Sixth Victrix, and the Twentieth Valeria Victrix legions (who were also responsible for the building of Hadrians Wall) some time around 142AD These units are testified by the inscriptions they set up on completion of certain lengths of the rampart. | | | These fortlets were then abandoned and further forts were built. |
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http://www.ourpasthistory.com/roman_scotland/roman_antonine.htm
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| | HADRIAN |
| | AD 180 and again in AD 196-197, when Clodius Albinus apparently removed some of the wall garrison to take part in his unsuccessful bid for the throne. | | | In addition, a series of 16 larger forts, some of which partially projected beyond the wall, were spaced along its length. | | | The wall garrison came under serious attack ca. |
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http://www.legionsix.org/hadrian.htm
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| | Roman Military Sites in Britain |
| | The Flavian garrison may have been Ala Petriana and a vexillation from Legio VIIII Hispana. | | | Marching camp, 2.4 ha, a construction camp for the Antonine Wall?. | | | The Wall also has small 'expansions' the purpose of which are unknown. |
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http://www.morgue.demon.co.uk/Pages/Gazetteer/SCOT.HTM
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| | Falkirk's Roman Connections |
| | This wall, known as Hadrians Wall, was 73 miles long, and stretched from the Tyne to the Solway Firth. | | | The siting of the Wall at this position gave an unobstructed view of the countryside to the North. | | | Eventually, because of turmoil in the Empire, the Romans abandoned Hadrians Wall and withdrew from Britain after almost 250 years of occupation. |
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http://www.almac.co.uk/FalkirkTCM/Rome.htm
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| | Britannia in the Ravenna Cosmography |
| | This should be Old Kilpatrick, at the western terminus of the Wall, and *Ciura may be Balmuildy, in which case Litana would be Cadder. | | | It could have been listed a second time if the place were close to but not actually on the line of the Wall and were in some way prominent on the map source. | | | The approach taken here allows us to make hypotheses regarding the names of some of the forts on the Antonine Wall; there can be little doubt that not all the identifications proposed or the suggested emendations are correct, but I firmly believe that the attempt is worthwhile, if only to stimulate further discussion. |
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http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/Ravenna_Cosmography/group24.html
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| | Travels in the UK - A Perfectly Proper Holiday |
| | We have a wonderful view as we walk along talking of Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall and what it would have been like out here for the Roman soldiers who were displaced from their homeland, so many centuries ago. | | | I hadn't thought about the Antonine Wall since the early days of planning my itinerary, when I sighed with resignation that there would be no time to see it. | | | I hadn't realized we were so close to this "other" Roman wall. |
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http://www.skell.org/travels/thirteen4F.htm
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| | The Antonine Wall |
| | Behind the Wall ran a road which we call the Military Way. | | | The Antonine Wall is named after the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius who ordered its construction in about AD 142. | | | Forts and fortlets attached to the rear of the Wall housed regiments of auxiliaries. |
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http://www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk/museum/romans/ANTONINE.HTM
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| | Antonine Wall |
| | Modern archaeology and research leads us to believe that the wall was overrun at least once and was held no longer than AD 170. | | | This also is not uniform along the length of the wall, probably existing only in areas where it was needed. | | | To the north of the wall was a defensive ditch, separated from the wall by a berm of varying widths (there is no evidence of a uniform width of berm along the wall). |
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http://www.gettysburg.edu/academics/english/britain/roman/Antonine.html
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| | Destinations UK - Antonine Wall, Scotland |
| | Later visitors to the wall appear to have been a little more impressed than the Caledonians, as many centuries later its remains became known as the Devil's Dyke, because people could not believe that it had originally been built by the hand of man. | | | The Wall is under the care of Historic Scotland. | | | The Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius ordered the building of his Antonine Wall in AD 140 to bring some order to that troubled outpost of the empire. |
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http://www.historic-uk.com/DestinationsUK/AntonineWall.htm
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| | CASTLE HILL |
| | In this case there is absolutely no evidence to validate this claim. | | | This auxiliary unit was recruited from among the men belonging to the various tribes of the Gallic provinces, modern day France, the fourth regiment to have been so formed. | | | Like many places along the line of the Wall, it is speculated that the first Roman military presence at Castle Hill was established during the campaigns of governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola sometime around AD81, and the site later re-used during the Antonine period. |
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http://www.roman-britain.org/places/castle_hill.htm
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| | The Antonine Wall |
| | The Wall was occupied until the late 150s AD, when it was briefly abandoned and partially dismantled, it was then re-occupied until around 165 AD when the frontier was again withdrawn to Hadrian’s Wall. | | | This information has been researched and published here by: | | | In AD 164 and after only 22 years, the Roman army withdrew from Scotland and the Antonine Wall was abandoned. |
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http://www.heritage.me.uk/misc/antonine_wall.htm
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| | Scotland For Visitors -History - Antonine Wall |
| | However, by A.D 180 they had once again been forced back to Hadrians Wall and this marked a real turning point in the Roman involvement in Caledonia. | | | With three legions at his disposal he reclaimed an area to the North and marked another boundary which was to become known as the Antonine Wall. | | | The zone between the two walls was in some ways difficult to define. |
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http://www.scotlandforvisitors.com/history/antonine.php
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| | Antoine Wall |
| | For additional security the native tribes between the two walls were deported to Germany to fight for the Empire. | | | There three legions, Legio IV, XX and II, constructed the Antonine Wall and attempted to hold it against the rebellious Celtic tribes of the north. | | | However the Roman estates that expanded north of Hadrian& wall soon came under attack, and after another revolt in 140AD Emperor Antoninous Pius authorised the building of a new wall further north. |
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http://www.overtounhouse.com/antonine.html
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| | THE ANTONINE WALL |
| | This station marks the eastern end of the Antonine Wall, and it is assumed that the Ravenna Cosmology again adopts the convention of listing stations in frontier systems from east to west, as is the case with the fort's along Hadrian's Wall. | | | In addition to the unassigned stone from the Antonine Wall, there are three more Scottish stones recorded in the R.I.B. for which no location is known. | | | The wall was fronted by a ditch which was almost invariably present, except on a short section at Croy Hill, situated on an outcrop of igneous basalt, where the legionaries apparently gave up digging after breaking many of their tools. |
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http://www.roman-britain.org/frontiers/antonine.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The British gov't has undertaken the preservation of the wall, which is one of the largest and most significant remains of the Roman occupation. | | | A.D. 122-126 and extended by Severus a century later, the wall marked the northern defensive boundary of Roman Britain. | | | During his visit to Britain (122), he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall. |
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http://www.lyberty.com/encyc/articles/hadrian.html
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| | Antonine Wall |
| | It was defended until about 200, after which the frontier returned to Hadrian& Wall. | | | Rows of small pits which held sharp stakes (lillia) have been found in several places and may have been part of the defences. | | | Running for 60 km/37mi across the Forth–Clyde isthmus, it consisted of a turf rampart fronted by a wide ditch. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0016275.html
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| | The Antonine Wall |
| | This slab was sent to Chicago museum but was destroyed in the fire of 1871. | | | A length of the stone base of the wall was excavated prior to a road development and 12 metres had survived intact despite ploughing in the field (NS 521 725). | | | [The name 'Cleddans' is found at other places along the wall:- about half a mile east of Kirkintilloch; and between Rosehall and Callendar Park, near Falkirk, as Cleedins. |
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http://www.templum.freeserve.co.uk/history/roman/antoninewall.htm
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| | Romans in Scotland - The Antonine Wall - Rough Castle |
| | BUCHANAN, M 1905 Report on the Society's excavation of Rough Castle on the Antonine Vallum. | | | The foundations of these buildings were located during excavations which took place in 1902, 1903, 1932 and 1957-61. | | | This fort was the second smallest along the wall - extending to 0.4 hectacres (approx 1 acre) and is enclosed within double banks and a ditch system. |
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http://www.ourpasthistory.com/roman_scotland/roman_rough_castle.htm
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| | The Antonine Wall |
| | Perhaps unsurprisingly, the wall was only held for 20 years before the imperial forces retreated further south, finding the struggle to subdue the Picts a thankless task. | | | Imagine a Latin legionnaire, looking out from the wall into the wild land of the blue-painted Picts. | | | Roughcastle, at Bonnybridge has the most complete fort on the wall. |
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http://www.visitscotland.com/library/antonine
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| | Antonine Wall Cottages - self catering Questions and Answers |
| | You can book either by sending the booking form on this web site by email or printing off the booking form and posting it to Fiona Briggs, Bonnyside House, Bonnyside Road, Bonnybridge Stirlingshire FK4 2AA. | | | The Wall running through the cottages grounds and up to Rough Castle is under the care of Historic Scotland and is currently part of a multi-country “Frontiers of the Roman Empire” World Heritage Site bid. | | | It was built on the orders of the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius following the re-conquest of Southern Scotland by his army in 140-142 A.D. The ‘wall’ consisted of a turf rampart on a stone base, fronted by a wide and deep ditch. |
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http://www.antoninewallcottages.co.uk/questions.htm
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| | Athena Review 1,1: Antonine Wall sections at Hillfoot, Scotland |
| | This drainage culvert crosses a basal section of the Antonine Wall at Hillfoot Cemetery in Bearsden, near Glasgow, Scotland. | | | The Antonine Wall at this location was originally 4.3 meters wide, but portions found at Hillfoot were later widened to 5 meters. | | | These portions of the ancient wall were exposed in 1903 and 1922, during expansion of the cemetery. |
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http://www.athenapub.com/britsite/hillfoot.htm
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| | Antonine Wall |
| | It was defended until about 200 AD, after which the frontier returned to Hadrian& Wall. |
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http://www.btinternet.com/~james.fanning/murder/page20.html
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| | Antonine Wall |
| | As a defensive barrier the Antonine Wall did not fulfill its role for long. | | | The most northerly Roman defensive wall in Britain. | | | To mark the northernmost extent of Roman territory in Britain - and to gain prestige - Antonius decided to build a wall to rival that of his predecessor. |
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http://www.britainexpress.com/History/roman/antonine-wall.htm
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| | Antonine Wall - definition of Antonine Wall by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | bulwark, rampart, wall - an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes; "they stormed the ramparts of the city"; "they blew the trumpet and the walls came tumbling down" | | | Scotland - one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Antonine+Wall
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| | The Antonine Wall |
| | The wall itself was built largely of turf and has not survived the ravages of erosion very well: the slight rises in the ground in the picture below are what can be seen of the wall. | | | Though less known than Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine Wall also played a crucial role in Roman military strategy in Britain. | | | In their attempts to subdue the unruly Picts in Caledonia (now northern Scotland), the Romans encountered serious difficulties and finally settled for a defensive wall running from a little west of Edinburgh to a little north of Glasgow. |
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http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/odlin1/graphics/scotland/antwall.htm
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| | Welcome to the Hunterian - Antonine Wall Launch |
| | This important teaching resource would place the Hunterian Museum in a very good position if/when the bid is successful in 2007. | | | It is hoped that the officials and planning officers from these five local authorities will work together to ensure that the Antonine Wall and its associated archaeological remains are properly protected and also the appropriate protective measures are set in place before the nomination is submitted in 2007. | | | The event was attended by representatives from the five local authorities that the Wall cuts through. |
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http://www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk/news/antonine/wall.shtml
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| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - Antonine Wall |
| | The first attempt to subdue the Picts came with the three expeditions made by Gnaeus Julius Agricola between ad 79 and 83. | | | MSN Encarta - Search Results - Antonine Wall | | | Antonine Wall, the most northerly of the permanent lines of defence erected by the Romans to protect the northern boundary of Britain (in present-day... |
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http://uk.encarta.msn.com/Antonine_Wall.html
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| | Antonine’s wall built 0139 AD |
| | Antonine’s wall built 0139 AD Antonine’s wall built 0139 AD While Antoninus Pius was the Roman Emperor, an order was sent by him in 139AD to Quintus Lollius Urbicus, his governor in Britain, to tame the troublesome Lowlanders of Scotland and advancethe boundaries of the Empire further. | | | Along the front of the nine feet high wall ran a ditch, thirty-six feet wide. | | | Building with turf and timber on a stone foundation, the Romans ran the Antonine Wall from the Clyde, thirty seven miles east to the Forth, with a fort every two miles and numerous signal towers. |
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http://www.scotclans.com/clans/0139.htm
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| | Roman Military Bibliography |
| | The building of the Antonine Wall: archaeological and epigraphic evidence. | | | The abandonment of the Antonine Wall: its date and implications. | | | Possible changes in plan in the course of construction of the Antonine Wall. |
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http://www.morgue.demon.co.uk/Pages/Biblio/Pages/Subjects/ANTONINEW.HTML
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| | Antonine Wall - Wikimedia Commons |
| | This page was last modified 02:10, 29 October 2005. | | | en: The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf fortification, built by the Romans across what is now lowland Scotland. |
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall
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| | BBC - History - Romans start Antonine Wall 141 |
| | The wall was also marked by carved stone tablets recording the completion of each sector of the wall. | | | The wall was made of stone covered with turf and was some 3m high and 4m thick. | | | Roads, camps and fortlets can be found across southern Scotland, with the characteristic quarry pits alongside the roads. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/scotland/antonine.shtml
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| | Antonine Wall: Dullatur in Dullatur |
| | Click here to find out more about family events at Antonine Wall: Dullatur in Dullatur. | | | Looking for information about Antonine Wall: Dullatur in Dullatur? | | | We have complete listings for what’s on at Antonine Wall: Dullatur in Dullatur. |
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http://www.s1play.com/directory/thingstodo/Dullatur/Antonine_Wall:_Dullatur
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| | Historic places to go - Greater Glasgow & Clyde Valley |
| | See also Antonine Wall entries in Argyll, The Isles, Loch Lomond, Stirling and Trossachs section and link from that page to History of Scotland section on the Wall. | | | The Wall was built in the 140s AD and occupied for about 20 years. | | | It consisted of a turf rampart fronted by a ditch; there were forts about every two miles. |
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http://www.electricscotland.com/historic/sstrath.html
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