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| | Libya Hafsids - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ... |
 | | With the demise of the Almohad dynasty in Morocco, the Hafsids adopted the titles of caliph and sultan and considered themselves the Almohads' legitimate successors, keeping alive the memory of Ibn Tumart and the ideal of Maghribi unity from their capital in Tunis. | | | By 1270 the Almohads in Morocco had succumbed to tribal warfare and in Spain to the steady advance of the Kingdom of Castile. | | | His successor, the sultan Abdal Mumin (reigned 1130-63), subdued Morocco, extended the Muslim frontier in Spain, and by 1160 had swept eastward across the Maghrib and forced the withdrawal of the Normans from their strongholds in Ifriqiya and Tripolitania, which were added to the Almohad empire. |
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http://workmall.com/wfb2001/libya/libya_history_hafsids.html
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| | THE ALMOHAD INVASION |
| | By the death of Alfonso VII in 1157, the Almohads had secured the Almoravid territories, and operating out of Seville and Córdoba they substantially increased the Muslim threat to the Christian frontier while bringing heavy pressure to bear on the Tajo River line. | | | Seville concentrated its campaigning efforts in the next few years against the Alentejo in Portugal, although the Muslim sources do note a raid of dubious success against Talavera in 1182, as well as a counter-strike by the militia of Toledo against Córdoba in the same year. | | | Unwilling to give up the profits of combat, the Christians gathered their herds and prisoners in a large cluster and made a stand against the numerically superior Almohads. |
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http://es.geocities.com/endovelico2001/med/almohad.html
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| | Knowledge Base: The Almohads |
| | The central core of the Almohad movement — it could be called a rebellion against the Almoravids, actually — was the opposition against the position of the leaders of Almoravids as jurists. | | | The Almohad crusade to purify Islam did not succeed as it was intended. | | | The Almohads of course have many of the desert units that other Arab nations have. |
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http://www.twcenter.net/articles/link.php?id=17
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| | meet2 |
| | In 1159, Tunisia conquered by the Almohad caliphs of Morocco. | | | 1159: Tunisia conquered by Almohad caliphs of Morocco | | | The Jews became the dhimmi par excellence in NA society, for no native Christian population seems to have survived the Almohad persecution. |
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http://www.u.arizona.edu/~shaked/Tunisia/meet2.html
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| | Knowledge Base: A History of Russia (Chapters 10-11) |
| | Eventually the Almohads routed, and Boldin claimed victory, which earned him promotion to his third rank by the Tsar. | | | The Almohads now brought on their final reinforcements of 1 archer, 1 desert archer, and 1 muwahid infantry. | | | The French king tried to flee Antioch when Prince Yuri invaded, but the seas had been blockaded by the Russians, and Tripoli had been occupied by Lord Volchkov, so the king and his army were trapped and held for ransom. |
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http://www.twcenter.net/articles/link.php?id=45
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| | Welcome to My Medieval : Total War Page |
| | The Almohads get little love from the Christians and Jews that they rule, as earlier liberal attitudes towards both groups have been abandoned, but this lack of loyalty has had little impact. | | | The Khalifah's rule has kept his subject Christians and Jews under control, although this is now just as much a reflection of the intolerant attitudes shown by the Kings of Spain towards their Islamic and Jewish subjects. | | | If the Almohads rise to meet the immediate challenges they face, then they can be a power in the Mediterranean world and beyond. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/games4/mtw/factions.html
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| | New Page 1 |
| | Near the end of the (Almohad) rule, the Almohad lords handed over many of their strongholds to the abominable (Christian ruler), in order to gain his support for their attempts to capture the capital city of Marrakech. | | | This situation came about as follows: When the Spaniards were no longer ruled by the Arab dynasty (of the Umayyads) and the Lamtanah and Almohad Berbers became their rulers, they detested this domination. | | | He made propaganda for Ibn Abi Hafs, the Almohad ruler of Ifriqiyah, and seized power with the help of a group of relatives who were called "the chiefs." He needed no more people than these, because there were so few groups in Spain (at that time) possessing a government (sultan) |
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http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter3/Ch_3_09.htm
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| | Reader's Companion to Military History - - Las Navas de Tolosa, Battle of |
| | Initially the Almohad vanguard had to retreat, but when the bulk of its army entered the battle, it seemed as if the Christians would be defeated. | | | As a consequence of the Christian victory at Las Navas de Tolosa, the power of the Almohads, the Berber regime that had dominated Muslim Spain (Al-Andalus) from the mid-twelfth century, was shattered, enabling the Christians to take over almost all of southern Spain in the ensuing forty years. | | | The battle was the result of a crusade against the Muslim infidel in Spain organized by Alfonso VIII of Castile, Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada, archbishop of Toledo (d. |
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http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_028500_lasnavasdeto.htm
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Sultanate Court of the Zayyanid Caliphate [Algeria] |
| | In early 1449, Morocco broke the Almohad Unity Pact and made ready for war against Almohad Fez. | | | The rebellious Morocco fell back under Almohad authority, and its Emirship was taken directly by Akbe Mohammed. | | | The fall of the Almohads saw a rise of several succesor states, the most powerful and influential of these arose in the central Maghrib, the Zayanids. |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?s=17a5c02084eafe3340f4c71703da3f48&t=123246
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| | [No title] |
| | West saw the Almohades drawing thir first blood, as one jinete squadron, | | | Harun al-Pullah, who had under his command some 12 squadrons of Berber medium | | | order foot was reported to have been the first to fight the Almohad foot. |
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http://tetrad.stanford.edu/battles/CastilevsAlmohad.html
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| | Almohad |
| | The Almohads were themselves defeated by the Christian kings of Spain in 1212, and in Morocco in 1269. | | | The Almohads ruled much of Morocco and Spain, which they took by defeating the Almoravids&; they later took the area that today forms Algeria and Tunis. | | | Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0020399.html
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| | Almohad Caliph : Almohad Caliph |
| | The central core of the Almohad movement, which could be called a rebellion against the Almoravids, was the opposition against the position of the leaders of the Almoravids as jurists. | | | This elite came from the founders of the Almohads, and was continued by their descendants. | | | Through their 122 years of forming an empire, the Almohads were based upon a ruling elite, coming from the Masmuda tribe. |
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http://almohad-caliph.wikix.ipupdater.com
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| | Islam |
| | Maimonides, on the other hand, fled the Almohad persecution of Christians and Jews all the way to Egypt, where he found refuge at the court of Saladin. | | | This was useful against the Norman conquest of Sicily but ultimately, by 1091, the Normans succeeded, ending the history of Islamic Sicily that had begun with the Aghlabids. | | | Both men suffered from the religious fanaticism of the Almohad regime. |
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http://www.friesian.com/islam.htm
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| | Glossary of Terms |
| | During the reign of Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur (1184-99) serious Arab rebellions devastated the eastern provinces of the empire, whereas in Spain the Christian threat remained constant, despite al-Mansur's victory at Alarcos (1195). | | | Under his successor, 'Abd al-Mu'min, the Almohads brought down the Almoravid state in 1147, subjugating the Maghrib, and captured Marrakech, which became the Almohad capital. | | | The empire of the Almohads had kept its original tribal hierarchy as a political and social framework, with the founders and their descendants forming a ruling aristocracy; however, a Spanish form of central government was superimposed on this Berber organization. |
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http://www.geocities.com/~spiritsbreath/iberia/glossary.html
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| | Crypto-Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The phenomenon of crypto-Judaism, however, dates back to earlier times as Jews forced or pressured to convert by their sovereign hosts secretly kept Jewish rites. | | | The father of Maimonides, for example, is purported to have nominally embraced Islam during the Almohad persecutions of Muslim Spain in 1146. | | | Small communities of crypto-Jews are still said to exist, allegedly still maintaining their hidden traditions, in the Balearic Islands, in Portugal, northeastern Brazil, and throughout Spain. |
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http://www.lexington-fayette.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Crypto-Judaism
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| | Two unpublished Almohad Coins as-Sikka 3.1 Summer 2001AD |
| | It seems evident that the coinage of Almohads struck at Silves can not be consider sporadic (as far as we know, this dirham is the only specimen known). | | | Ibn Qasi recognized the Almohads, but without renouncing his independence[2]. | | | In this period Silves would not have been considered as a Almohad city, but rather a city of Almohad influence. |
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http://www.islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com/assikka31/Almohad.htm
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| | Morocco |
| | The city itself was founded by Abd al-Mumin as a camp for his campaign against Spain and later when trying to invade North Africa. | | | Later, the Almohad sultan Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur used the city for his campaigns in Spain. | | | He named the city Ribat al-Fath, which meant the Camp of Victory. |
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http://us-africa.tripod.com/morocco.html
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| | Saudi Aramco World : Doctor, Philosopher, Renaissance Man |
| | He pointed out, for example, that, strictly speaking, the government of Córdoba should have been considered a tyranny from 1145 onward—that is, since the end of Almoravid rule and the accession of the current Almohad dynasty, whose head was his patron. | | | The Almohad capital was at Marrakech, in today's Morocco, a city founded only some 80 years earlier and which the Almohad ruler was anxious to make a center of the arts and scholarship. | | | It was this book, with its idea that society is perfectible and its discussion of how society can and should be changed, that worried some secular rulers no less than the Muslim 'ulama and the Catholic theologians, all of whom were inclined to see the order of the world as preordained and immutable. |
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http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200303/doctor.philosopher.renaissance.man.htm
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| | Abu Yusuf Yakub al-Mansur Biography / Biography of Abu Yusuf Yakub al-Mansur Biography Biography |
| | There are also chapters on the Almohads in Eleanor Hoffman, Realm of the Evening Star: A History of Morocco and the Lands of the Moors (1965), and in Nevill Barbour, Morocco, (1965). | | | The attack came in 1185 against the eastern holdings of the Almohads on the Algerian coast and resulted in the capture of Bougie, Algiers, and other towns. | | | However, upon his withdrawal to Morocco and the diversion of his efforts to Spain, the Banu Ghaniya soon succeeded in challenging Almohad sovereignty in the east, which was too far removed from the seat of Almohad power to keep under permanent control without a large army of occupation. |
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http://www.bookrags.com/biography-abu-yusuf-yakub-al-mansur/index.html
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| | The Friday Mosque, Tinmal, Morocco — ElsewhereOnline.com.au |
| | Formerly, Morocco and much of Iberia had been controlled by the Almoravids (Murâbitûn), a dynasty established by Ibn Yasin, a Berber preacher who had promulgated a rigorous form of Islam among the Sanhaja of the Sahara (1030s-1070). | | | The Almohads promulgated a particularly rigorous form of Islam, and it is they who finally established the faith throughout the Maghrib. | | | The Almohads soon incorporated all of northern Morocco and Muslim Spain into their empire extending as far as Tunis, from which they expelled the Sicilian Normans. |
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http://www.elsewhereonline.com.au/worldres/countries/spain/essayfridaymosque
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| | Ibn Rushd [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | Despite this tendency, public pressure against perceived liberalizing tendencies in the government led to the formal rejection of Ibn Rushd and his writings in 1195. | | | Ibn Rushd's relationship with the Almohad was not merely opportunistic, (considering the support his father and grandfather had given to the Almoravids) for it influenced his work significantly; notably his ability to unite philosophy and religion. | | | Ibn Rushd's father, Abdul-Qasim Ahmad, although not as venerated as his grandfather, held the same position until the Almoravids were ousted by the Almohad dynasty in 1146. |
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/i/ibnrushd.htm
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| | Destiny |
| | Sometime after 1153, Averroës became closely associated with the noted Arab scholar and physician Ibn-Tufail, who introduced him to the Almohad Caliph of Marrakesh, in present-day Morocco. | | | The qadis were the most learned of men, intimate with the details of religious law, the sharia and the hadith, but also with the traditions of secular learning (including natural philosophy and medicine) that stretched back to the times of the ancient Greeks, preserved for centuries by Arab scholars. | | | While deeply engaged in these philosophical pursuits, he also had a busy secular life, serving as Qadi of Seville and then eventually of his native city of Cordoba, where he became Chief Qadi, one of the primary positions in the Almohad governmental administration. |
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http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/destiny.htm
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| | WHKMLA : History of Spain : the Taifa Kingdoms |
| | The Almohads reunified Muslim Spain (of the 20 Taifa Emirates, only Mallorca remained independent) and they regained ground from the christian kingdoms. | | | This time it was the ALMOHADS who came to the rescue. | | | Again, a call for help went out to North Africa. |
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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/spain/taifas.html
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| | Abd al-Mumin on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Even before his rise to leadership, he had attacked the Almoravids. | | | He was the favorite of the Almohad religious reformer Ibn Tumart and became (1130) his successor. | | | 1163, founder of the empire of the Almohads. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/AbdalM1um.asp
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| | MuslimHeritage.com - Topics |
| | AI-Manssur ruled Morocco from 1184 until his death in 1199. | | | Many historians flourished in Marrakech, most living in the surrounding of Caliphs, such as Abu Bakr al-Sanhadji, who wrote extensively on the Almohads, and whose works were traced by Levi Provencal to the Spanish collection at the Escorial. | | | Abd al-Wahid Al-Marrakushi was Born in Marrakech in 1185; studied there, in Fez, and after 1208 in Spain, but left it in 1217. |
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http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=433
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| | Hassan Al Wazzan aka Leo Africanus |
| | By neglecting their subjects, he noted that they had lost the esteem that would otherwise have been their due. | | | The author Ibn Zaraa in his book "Al Qirtas" described the uprising of the Merinids against the Almohad dynasty in these terms: | | | This was how Ibn Zaraa presented the final days of the Almohad dynasty and the not so subtle message for reform delivered to the Moroccan nation by the Beni Merin. |
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http://www.said-hajji.com/en/book-leo.html
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| | Almohads |
| | In Morocco they lost power to the Merinid dynasty, which took Marrakech in 1269. | | | Almohads, Berber Muslim dynasty that ruled Morocco and Spain in the 12th and 13th cent. | | | With time the Almohads lost some of their fierce purifying zeal; Yakub had a rich court and was the patron of Averro&. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0803445.html
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| | A Ripe Idea - Black History |
| | The Moors ruled all or parts of Spain as part of the Almoravid and Almohad empires of Morocco. | | | David MacRitchie, eminent British archaeologist says, "So late as the tenth century three Scottish provinces were wholly black and the supreme ruler of them became for a time the paramount king of Transmarine Scotland." | | | Until Boabdil capitulated to Ferdinand and Isabella's armys in 1492, Moorish governors ruled Portugal and Spain for 800 years from 711 A.D. to 1492. |
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http://www.aripeideacom.com/html/amenrastablackhistory.htm
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| | IslamiCity.com - Travel Center |
| | Between cities, you will have a chance to view the beautiful countryside of Spain and Morocco. | | | In Morocco, you will visit the famous Cave of Hercules on the Atlantic coast, the magnificent Hassan II mosque in Casablanca, the Almohad Tour Hassan in Rabat, and the medieval suqs and winding streets of ancient Fes. | | | The main mode of learning will be daily walking tours with commentary by the instructor and local guides. |
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http://www.islamicity.com/travel/spain/academic.asp
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| | Abd al-Mumin Biography / Biography of Abd al-Mumin Biography Biography |
| | The first target for conquest was the Almoravid state in Morocco, against whose immorality and espousal of the Maliki school of law the Almohad movement had been directed. | | | But probably because Ibn Tumart had ruled by dint of his personal religious and charismatic qualities, neither his death nor Abd al-Mumin's succession was announced for 3 years. | | | Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that Abd al-Mumin deserves equal credit with Ibn Tumart as a founder of the movement which dominated political and religious life in the Moslem West until the early 13th century. |
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http://www.bookrags.com/biography-abd-al-mumin/index.html
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| | Saudi Aramco World : The Giralda |
| | See Also: ALMOHADS, ARCHITECTURE, MINARETS, MOSQUES, SEVILLE, SPAIN | | | The Giralda dates back to the brief period between 1147 and 1229 when Ishbiliyah, as the city was known to the Arabs, was ruled by the North African Muslim dynasty called the Almohads (al-Muwahhidun), and under them became the capital of al-Andalus. | | | The Kutubiyyah minaret predates that of Seville, and Ahmad ibn Basu and his colleagues obviously had it in mind when constructing the Giralda. |
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http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199401/the.giralda.htm
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| | FREE In-depth report - Almohads - Algeria |
| | The Almohads took control of Morocco in 1146, captured Algiers around 1151, and by 1160 had completed the conquest of the central Maghrib and advanced to Tripolitania. | | | The Almohads entered Spain at the invitation of the Andalusian amirs, who had risen against the Almoravids there. | | | The Almohad rebellion began in 1125 with attacks on Moroccan cities, including Sus and Marrakech. |
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http://www.exploitz.com/Algeria-Almohads-cg.php
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| | Encyclopedia: Yaqub, Almohad Caliph |
| | People who viewed "Yaqub, Almohad Caliph" also viewed: | | | Alfonso VI (before June 1040 - July 1, 1109), nicknamed the Brave, was king of León from 1065 to 1109 and king of Castile since 1072 after his brothers death. | | | Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Deaths 6 April - Richard I of England, from a crossbow during a minor siege in France Minamoto no Yoritomo, founder and first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan Heads of states England - Richard I the Lionheart, King of England (reigned 1189... |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Yaqub,-Almohad-Caliph
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| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - Almohad |
| | Merinids, also known as the Beni Merin, a Berber dynasty that reigned in Morocco from the 13th to 16th centuries. | | | A second conservative Muslim movement from North Africa, the Almohads, entered Spain and attacked the Almoravids. | | | Almohads (Arabic al-muwahhid, “those who proclaim the unity of God”), Berber Muslim reform movement and dynasty established in North Africa and... |
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http://encarta.msn.com/Almohad.html
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| | 1087. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History |
| | The dynasty was founded by the Almohad governors of Tunis, who broke away when the caliph Abd al-Ma'mun renounced (1228) the religious doctrines of Ibn Tumart, the original leader of the Almohad movement. | | | After fleeing to the mountains of Morocco, he allied himself with Abu Hafs Umar, a leader within the Hintata tribal confederation. | | | Fez was captured in 1248 and became the Marinid capital; expanded and partly rebuilt, it thrived as a center of religion and commerce. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/67/322.html
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| | Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ) |
| | Mu’awiyah I, who in Muslim tradition perverted the ideal state of the first four caliphs into a dynastic power state, is viewed by Averroës in the Platonic sense as having turned the ideal state into a timocracy--a government based on love of honour. | | | He wrote the Decisive Treatise on the Agreement Between Religious Law and Philosophy (Fasl), Examination of the Methods of Proof Concerning the Doctrines of Religion (Manahij), and The Incoherence of the Incoherence (Tahafut) at-Tahafut, all in defense of the philosophical study of religion against the theologians (1179-80). | | | Similarly, the Almoravid and Almohad states are shown to have deteriorated from a state that resembled the original perfect Shari’ah state into timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny. |
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http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ir/art/ir-eb.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Almohad urban militia are very similar to the Catholic feudal men at arms. | | | Once you have access to the militia sergeant you have no reason to use this unit. | | | Almohad urban militia don’t really need to flank so you can use them to hold a good front line against infantry attacks. |
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http://www.totalwar.org/strategy/twug/mtw/C8.html
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| | MAIMONIDES, MOSES (Biography) |
| | Maimonides was born in Cordoba, Spain, but left with his family in the wake of the Almohad conquest and subsequent religious persecution. | | | In 1165, the family escaped from Fez with the advent of a new Almohad monarch and a month later landed at Acre. | | | During the years of wandering, Maimonides laid the foundations of his vast and varied learning and even began his literary work. |
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http://www.thirteen.org/heritagedvd/ej_1.html
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| | Abd al-Mu'min -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Even while he was pursuing his conquest, 'Abd al-Mu'min had established a central government for his empire. | | | To the traditional clan organization of the Masmudah and other Berber peoples supporting the Almohads he added an organization to promote the spread of Almohad doctrine and a central administration (the makhzan) modeled on those of Muslim Spain, which was staffed... | | | Berber caliph of the Almohad dynasty (reigned 1130–63), who conquered the North African Maghrib from the Almoravids andbrought all the Berbers under one rule. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003266?tocId=9003266
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| | Dahani.com |
| | he Kasbah des Oudaia dates back to the period during which the Almohad sultan Yacoub el-Mansour made the city his capital. | | | Opposite this important structure is the mausoleum of Mohamed V, the great Alawi sultan who died five years after obtaining his country's independence in 1956. | | | It went on to become a powerful military and administrative area, and the magnificent Porte des Oudaia (the Oudaia being the descendants of the redoubtable Arab warriors who rebelled against the sherif sultans) is one of the finest of all examples of Almohad art. |
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http://www.dahani.com/frameset_files/map/rabat.html
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| | Averroes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | His father, Abu Al-Qasim Ahmad, held the same position until the coming of the Almohad dynasty in 1146. | | | It was Ibn Tufail ("" to the West), the philosophic vizier of Yusef al-Mansur, who introduced Averroes to the court and to Avenzoar (Ibn Zuhr), the great Muslim physician; both men became friends. | | | In modern Tamazight (the language of the Almohad kings) it would be Muḥemmed mmis n Ḥmed mmis n Muḥemmed mmis n Ḥmed mmis n Rucd. |
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http://www.hackettstown.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Averroes
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| | Alfonso VIII |
| | Throughout his reign he maintained a close alliance with the kingdom of Aragon, and in 1179 he concluded the Pact of Cazorla, which settled the future line of demarcation between Castile and Aragon when the reconquest of Moorish Spain was completed. | | | From 1172 to 1212 he was engaged in resistance to the Moorish Almohad invaders, who defeated him in 1195. | | | In the same year the kings of Leon and Navarre invaded Castile, but Alfonso defeated them with the aid of King Peter II of Aragon. |
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http://gallery.euroweb.hu/tours/spain/alfonso8.html
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