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| | Acoustic analysis of singleton and geminate affricates in Italian |
 | | For affricates, it was found that the average difference between singles and geminates in terms of V1d is 38 ms (»-25% for geminates), in C1d is 51 ms (»+62%for geminates), in C2d is 27 ms (»+28% for geminates) while considering the whole consonant Cd=C1d+C2d the difference is 78ms (»+44% for geminates). | | | The analyzed words in the present study were therefore 3 for each affricate consonant (which are [ʧ, ʤ, ʦ, ʣ] and their geminate version) and 6 for each speaker in three repetitions, leading to a total of 3x4x2x6x3=432 utterances (216 singletons and 216 geminates). | | | In Table IV, it is possible to see that error percentages for affricates are worse compared to those obtained for other classes of consonants. |
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http://www.essex.ac.uk/web-sls/papers/01-01/submission.htm
(3460 words)
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| | Ga - UPSID Language Profile |
| | segaff(n, [voiceless, dental_alveolar, sibilant, affricate], [german, russian, bulgarian, romanian, pashto, kashmiri, albanian, e_armenian, lappish, yurak, kirghiz, hebrew, awiya, kullo, lakkia, atayal, tagalog, tsou, mandarin, hakka, changchow, amoy, fuchow, kan, jingpho, yao, tlingit, chipewyan, chontal, mazahua, tonkawa, wichita, yuchi, wappo, bribri, ashuslay, jivaro, greenlandic, aleut, basque, burushaski]). | | | segaff(n, [voiced, alveolar, sibilant, affricate], [greek, lelemi, ik, margi, chamorro, garo, yareba, kwakw7ala, puget_sound, ocaina]). | | | segaff(l, [voiceless, palato_alveolar, sibilant, affricate], [goldi, hebrew, otomi, guarani]). |
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http://www.langmaker.com/db/ups_ga.htm
(2431 words)
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| | consonant - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about consonant |
| | J is a consonant in English, but some nations use it as a vowel-- | | | Consonants can be described in various ways, according to where and how the sound is made and whether the vocal cords in the throat vibrate or not. | | | This behaviour of Mrs Bridget greatly surprised Mrs Deborah; for this well-bred woman seldom opened her lips, either to her master or his sister, till she had first sounded their inclinations, with which her sentiments were always consonant. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/consonant
(251 words)
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| | The consonant chart |
| | The voiceless consonant is always the one to the left. | | | If we want to list consonants in a chart, there's an immediate problem: there are seven dimensions in which consonants can differ from each other, but only two dimensions in which a printed chart can arrange them. | | | The general approach is used in the official IPA consonant chart and in the charts in the textbook. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/138/jan24/chart.htm
(213 words)
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| | Affricate consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Several Khoisan languages such as !Xóõ are reported to have voiced ejective affricates, but these are actually consonant clusters: [dts’, dtʃ’]. | | | Affricates may also be contrasted by palatalization, as in the Erzya language, where voiceless alveolar, postalveolar and palatal affricates are contrasted. | | | Affricate consonants begin like stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]), but release as a fricative such as [s] or [z] (or, a couple languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate_consonant
(905 words)
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| | ipswebhome |
| | Affricate: A consonant sound produced with a complete closure between two articulators and with velic closure preventing air escaping via the nasal cavity. | | | Context-sensitive voicing: A phenomenon where the voicing of consonant sounds is determined by the context in which they appear. | | | In most languages vowels are the only syllabic sounds, but some consonants, mainly sonorants, are also used as syllabic sounds in some languages. |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/ips/ipsweb_glossary.htm
(5447 words)
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| | Talk:Affricate consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | I say, either all three hypothetical voiced dorsal affricates should be listed, or none. | | | One of the sequences discussed was trz, and this was being contrasted with the others with the claim that the difference was stop+fricative vs affricate. | | | Generally in Uralic, /i/ and /j/ effect palatalization on a neighboring affricate, but sometimes the cause is deleted and effect remains, retaining the phonemic status that the deleted (semi)vowel held. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Affricate_consonant
(2158 words)
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| | Ņaranis Grammar |
| | Several consonants also has a lenited allophone which appears in certain positions, usually word-finally and before another consonant (but never word-initially). | | | Fricatives lenite before a voiced consonant or sometimes intervocally. | | | Roots are written here in the form C-C-C (consonants marked in their capital forms). |
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http://www.thegreatsleep.com/serakus/language/naranis/grammar.html
(4689 words)
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| | Speech Group Achievements 2001 |
| | Stridency of the fricatives and affricates can also be classified very well with 8 cues. | | | In addition, the aspirated consonant /h/ is compared with fricatives and affricates in order to assess the capability of differentiating frication and aspiration. | | | For stops, the overall discriminant analysis classification score is 75% correct classification for all vowel types and all speakers; for nasals, the overall correct classification score is 57%; and for fricatives and affricates, the correct classification is 85%. |
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http://web.mit.edu/speech/www/2001achieve.html
(3796 words)
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| | Hexapedia - List of linguistic topics |
| | B back-formation - backronym - bilabial consonant - breathy voice- breve | | | F false cognate - false friend - formal language - fricative consonant - function word - fusional language - future tense | | | N naming - nasal consonant - natural language - natural language processing - natural language understanding - neologism - neurolinguistics - nominative case - noun - noun phrase - null morpheme |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/List_of_linguistic_topics
(471 words)
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| | Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept RadiatingSound |
| | the conversion of a simple stop consonant into an affricate | | | a consonant produced by stopping air at some point and suddenly releasing it; "his stop consonants are too aspirated" | | | a consonant whose articulation involves movement of the lips |
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http://icosym-nt.cvut.cz/kifb-test/wordnet/_radiating_sound.html
(3891 words)
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| | NewMidterm.doc |
| | Which of these choices begins with an affricate consonant sound? | | | Pick the symbol which represents a voiced alveo-palatal affricate a. | | | Which of these choices begins with a voiceless fricative consonant sound? |
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http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~gawron/intro/NewMidterm.doc
(820 words)
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| | SPA3112 Notes |
| | Liquid consonants can be found as syllable nucleii | | | Consonants vary in how they create and shape noise | | | Resonant consonants have most of their energy in the lower frequency portion of the spectrum (the whole vocal tract, a bigger cavity, shapes the noise) |
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http://www.cas.usf.edu/~frisch/SPA3112_Fall01_L06.html
(893 words)
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| | GroMye2000.html |
| | The coarticulation of consonants and vowels during speech produces an overlapped, interwoven arrangement of sounds that is perceived as a temporal succession of phonemes (e.g., Liberman, Cooper, Shankweiler and Studdert-Kennedy, 1967). | | | The explanation in terms of articulatory knowledge relies on the fact that, in natural speech, stop consonants are those which by definition are produced by a temporary closure of the vocal tract and hence give rise to a brief pause in acoustic energy of the speech signal. | | | The transitions to and from the juncture consonant were spliced out and replaced in the different original phrases in various orders, producing four possible percepts for each phrase (e.g., play ought, play taught, plate ought, and plate taught). |
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http://www.cns.bu.edu/Profiles/Grossberg/GroMye00.html
(17879 words)
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| | Describing consonants |
| | An affricate is a single sound composed of a stop portion and a fricative portion. | | | Producing a consonant involves making the vocal tract narrower at some location than it usually is. We call this narrowing a constriction. | | | Which consonant you're pronouncing depends on where in the vocal tract the constriction is and how narrow it is. It also depends on a few other things, such as whether the vocal folds are vibrating and whether air is flowing through the nose. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/phonetics/articulation/describing-consonants.html
(1759 words)
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| | Prentiss Riddle: Language: Chipotle or chip poultry? |
| | Affricate means it consists of a stop followed by a release of air to make a fricative in the same place. | | | I gather that the -tl- in chipotle is the unvoiced lateral affricate commonly occurring in Nahuatl; it is similar to the unvoiced ll in Welsh. | | | Pronunciation guides that use English spelling for other languages ("chee-POHT-lay", "MEH-hee-koh", etc., or what some call Berlitz-speak) endourage people to use the wrong vowels and consonants. |
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http://www.aprendizdetodo.com/language?item=20030327
(1587 words)
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| | Normal speech development - Caroline Bowen |
| | A fricative consonant (/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/, 'sh', 'zh', 'th' or /h/), or an affricate consonant ('ch' or /j/) is replaced by a stop consonant (/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ or /g/). | | | The fricative consonants 'sh' and 'zh' are replaced by fricatives that are made further forward on the palate, towards the front teeth. | | | A velar consonant, that is a sound that is normally made with the middle of the tongue in contact with the palate towards the back of the mouth, is replaced with consonant produced at the front of the mouth. |
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http://www.members.tripod.com/caroline_Bowen/acquisition.html
(1057 words)
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| | Old_English_language |
| | are allophones of respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced consonants. | | | Doubled consonants are geminated; the geminate fricativesðð/þþ, ff and ss cannot be voiced. | | | Before a consonant letter the pronunciation is always ; word-finally after i it is always. |
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http://mindwallet.com/wiki/Old_English_language
(2459 words)
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| | Syllable structure |
| | Most languages consider /ts/ as common affricate but similar findings for /ks/ have not been found across languages. | | | Most all consonants found in the Blackfoot language (please refer to the section on Blackfoot sounds) can occupy the onset position except for a few, which are /h/, /w/, and /y/. | | | The onset and coda are occupied by consonants forming the margins of the syllable, and the nucleus is universally obligatory and occupied by vowels. |
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http://www.fp.ucalgary.ca/howed/syllable_structure.htm
(1097 words)
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| | Encyclopedia Search |
| | ...of affricates, see also: clicks ct of affreightment, as will hereinafter appear. | | | Affreightment Affreightment Affreightment (from Freight class=printable...Contract of Affreightment is the expression usually employed to describe the contract... |
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http://www.encyclopedian.com/search.php?searWords=Affreightment
(115 words)
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| | Wordsmyth |
| | a speech sound or consonant that resembles or suggests hissing, such as "s," "sh," or "ch". | | | in phonetics, produced by the complete stoppage, then sudden forceful release of the breath, such as the sounds of the consonants "p," "b," and "t". |
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http://www.wordsmyth.net/live/home.php?content=wotw/2000.0605/wotw_language
(254 words)
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| | The Aiola Alphabet |
| | Four consonant sounds are represented in written speech with diagraphs (two-letter symbol). | | | All the other symbols represent consonants of the language. |
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http://www.aiola.org/learn/alphabet.html
(99 words)
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| | hist1.htm |
| | segmental simplification of an affricate to a fricative | | | vowel becomes nasalized when next to a nasal consonant | | | change of a glide to an affricate in word initial position |
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http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~irenem/hist1.htm
(1422 words)
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| | affricate -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Examples of affricates are the ch sound in English chair, which may be represented phonetically as a t sound followed by sh; the j in English jaw (a d followed by the zh sound heard in French… | | | also called semiplosive a consonant sound that begins as a stop (sound with complete obstruction of the breath stream) and concludes with a fricative (sound with incomplete closure and a sound of friction). | | | "affricate." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003919
(78 words)
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| | Learn more about Liquid consonant in the online encyclopedia. |
| | Liquid consonants, or liquids, are speech sounds; more specific, they are approximant consonants that are not classified as semivowels (glides) because they do not correspond phonetically to specific vowels (in the way that, for example, the initial [j] in English yes corresponds to [i]). | | | The class of liquids can be divided into lateral liquids and rhotics. | | | Learn more about Liquid consonant in the online encyclopedia. |
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http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/l/li/liquid_consonant.html
(155 words)
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| | Church Slavonic Pronunciation - Help Me Learn Church Slavonic |
| | voiceless dental affricate; articulated with the tongue very low; hard consonant: the following vowel must be a back vowel regardless of how it is written | | | preiotated ; preiotated in word-initial and after a vowel; can cause palatalization of a preceding neutral consonant when is not in syllable initial position | | | voiced palatal fricative; rather dorsal: place of articulation is the dorsum of the tongue; feel a buzzing around your molars; hard consonant |
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http://justin.zamora.com/slavonic/alphabet/pronunciation.html
(499 words)
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| | affricate consonant: Information From Answers.com |
| | affricate consonant is mentioned in the following topics: | | | Meaning #1: a composite speech sound consisting of a stop and a fricative articulated at the same point (as `ch' in `chair' and `j' in `joy') |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/affricate-consonant
(75 words)
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