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| | Italy Web Resources |
 | | By 264 BC all Italy south of Cisalpine Gaul was united under the leadership of Rome in a confederacy; its members were either incorporated in or allied with the Roman state. |
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http://bosnia.europe-countries.com/travel/italy.htm
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| | Ethics of Roman Expansion to 133 BC by Sanderson Beck |
| | Gauls invaded Etruria again in 283 BC and in violation of their treaty were aiding the Etruscans against the Romans. | | | Roman consul Titus Flamininus brought the Boeotians into their alliance also, though he connived at the murder of Boeotarch Brachyllas because he was pro-Macedonian. | | | Flamininus' answer was that they would have had to destroy Sparta to remove him. |
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http://www.san.beck.org/EC24-RomanExpansion.html
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| | First Punic War, 264-241 BC |
| | Eventually an new leader, Hiero, rose in Syracuse, and under his leadership the Mamertines were defeated. | | | However, on their return to Sicily, the consuls decided to attempt to intimidate the Carthaginians left on Sicily and attempted to sail along the south west coast. | | | This allowed the unsuccessful invasion of Africa detailed above, after which the Roman fleet, now 350 strong, was sent to rescue the survivors, winning another battle at Cape Hermaeum (255 BC) on the way. |
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http://www.rickard.karoo.net/articles/wars_punic1.html
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| | A timeline of the Roman empire |
| | 53 BC : in the first war against Persia, Crassus is defeated and killed by the Parthians at Carrhae (Syria) | | | 474 BC : the Greeks defeat the Etruscans at Cuma | | | 133 BC : Attalus III of Pergamum wills his kingdom to Roma and the whole Mediterranean Sea is under Roman control ("mare nostrum") |
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http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/romans.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Which Greek historian was a leading politician of the Achaean League who incurred the suspicions of the Romans during their wars in Greece and suffered deportation to Italy in 167 BC? | | | Which Roman consul led reinforcements against forces from Carthage and Syracuse that had put Messana under seige in 264 BC? | | | Prior to 227 BC, which official governed Sicily? |
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http://www.speakeasy.org/~bwduncan/cary12.txt
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| | CARTHAGE AND ITS COINAGE |
| | Traditionally described as having been founded circa 814 BC by Phoenicians from Tyre, Carthage became a great mercantile state and seapower that carried out extensive trade around the Mediterranean. | | | Barcids in Spain, AE 12, 237-228 BC, 1.6 gm, Villaronga 114 | | | North Africa coast, Sardinia, western Sicily, Balearic Islands, and Malta |
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http://ancient-coins.com/articles/carthage/carthage2.htm
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| | Rome bibliog |
| | Irfan Shahid, Rome and the Arabs: a prolegomenon to the study of Byzantium and the Arabs. | | | Gedalia Alon, The Jews in their Land in the Talmudic Age. | | | Schürer, The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C. Rev. ed. |
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http://www.historyrome.com/Rome_bibliog.html
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| | Roman Chronology |
| | 43 BC: Triumvirate of Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus; proscriptions and murder of Cicero | | | 82 BC: Sulla victorious at the Colline Gate, proscriptions follow | | | 37 BC: Pact of Tarentum; Antony marries Cleopatra |
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http://www.coh.arizona.edu/classics/inst/latin400/LAT400timeline.htm
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| | 1 |
| | The destruction of Carthage and Corinth, 146 BC delenda est Carthago' | | | Declaration of war against Perseus, 171 BC Livy 42.30.8-11 | | | The absorption of Latium, 338 BC Livy 8.11.12-16, 12.5, 13.8-10, 14 |
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http://www.brown.edu/Courses/CL0132/LRIndex1.html
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| | AE15 of Punic-Sardinia?, 264-241 BC |
| | AE15 of Punic-Sardinia?, 264-241 BC AE15 of Punic-Sardinia?, 264-241 BC Obv. | | | Alexandropoulos 60 1.44 g SNG Milano XIV 459 A 060 M 274 Cop 224 Cop 225 M 274 1.2 -2.0 g 8 exemplares de différentes collections Cop 224 2.06 g Cop 225 1.84 g Mil XIV 459 1.44 g 300-264 BC Italo Vecchi 309 1.50 g |
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http://www.bio.vu.nl/home/vwielink/WWW_MGC/Punic_map/Sardinia_map/descrA060B.html
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| | Punic War: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | Despite the Roman victories in sea, the Republic was the side that lost most ships and crews during the war, largely due to the effect of storms. | | | Carthage lost most of its fleet and was economically incapable of funding another, or to find manpower for the crews. | | | Sardinia and Corsica were to be added (again, lost by Carthage) in 238 BC. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/first-punic-war
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| | Roman |
| | During the next 50 years, Rome became involved in numerous disputes in Greece, Macedonian and Asia Minor. | | | The beginning of the end came in 53 BC when Crassus was killed in the Battle of Carrhae trying to conquer the Parthians. | | | In 83 BC he returned to Italy and after a 1-year civil war he regained control of Rome and had himself appointed dictator for the purpose of reconstructing the Republic. |
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http://www.iserv.net/~cjsalpha/wargames/roman.htm
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| | Roman Culture and the Aeneid |
| | overthrow her Tyrian walls—after more than 100 years of rivalry, the Romans finally did conquer Carthage in 146 BC, some 900 years after this prophecy was supposedly made. | | | This Octavian was the adopted son of Julius Caesar (murdered 44 BC), and he proved to be quite adept at power politics. | | | 264-134 BC: Middle Republic; wars of conquest; senatorial government. |
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http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/Aeneid.htm
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| | Chronology |
| | 104 – 103 BC Invasion of the Cimbrians and Teutones | | | 29 – 19 BC Campaigns against the Cantabri, Vaccei and Astures | | | 195 BC Defeat of the Ausetani, Bargusi, Edetani and Suessetani |
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http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/0240bc/chronology.htm
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| | Zeugitana, Carthage - Ancient Greek Coinage thumbnail index - WildWinds.com |
| | Carthage or Sicilo-Punic, AE 14, 4th to 3rd centruy B.C. Head of Tanit left / Horse. | | | c.350 BC, Carthage Mint, Bust of Tanit left, wreathed with corn, wearing triple-drop earring and necklace of 8 pendants. | | | Head of Tanit left wreathed with corn, wearing necklace and earring / Horse right, looking back, right foreleg raised. |
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http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/zeugitana/carthage/t.html
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| | The First Punic War (264-241 BC) |
| | This offensive was led by Claudius and Marcus Valerius Messalla in 263 BC. | | | However, Carthage occupied the Sicilian town of Massana in 264 BC, after the Mamertines, a group of mercenaries, appealed to Carthage for help against Hiero II, king of Syracuse (a Sicilian city-state). | | | As late as 279 BC the two cities has signed a treaty against Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, whom posed a threat to both. |
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http://www.dl.ket.org/latinlit/historia/republic/punic2.htm
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| | Roman Timeline of the 3rd Century BC |
| | 264 BC An alliance between the Romans and a group of mercenaries called Mamertines is signed. | | | 200 BC Birth of the Greek historian Polybius, in Megalopolis, Arcadia, Greece. | | | 282 - 275 BC War against King Phyrrus of Epirus. |
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http://www.unrv.com/empire/roman-timeline-3rd-century.php
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| | Carthago -- History and Mythology |
| | The First Punic War began in 264 BC when Rome came to the aid of the Mamertines in Sicily against Carthage. | | | The Carthaginian engagement of the Sicilian Greeks in 480 BC at the same time as the Persians under Xerxes were invading Greece seems to have been part of a coordinated plan that met with failure. | | | 814 BC: traditional date for the foundation of the city, though many believe that the actual date was some two generations later because of the lack of earlier remains. |
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http://iam.classics.unc.edu/loci/144/144_hist.html
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| | Time Line |
| | 497-451 BC Temples of Saturnus, Ceres, Castor, Apollo are built. | | | 560 BC The temples of Diana, Fortuna and Mater Matuta are built. | | | 31 BC Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at Actium. |
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http://www.mce.k12tn.net/ancient_rome/time_line.htm
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| | The 1st Punic War (264-241 BC) (DBA Campaign Scenarios) |
| | In 251 BC Carthage attacked Panormus and were badly beaten prompting them to sue for peace again, which this time the Romans declined. | | | Magna Graecia is a DBM campaign setting for the Wars for Sicily (398-211 BC), which encompasses the 1st Punic War. | | | The survivors of the Roman fleet were caught in a storm and destroyed. |
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http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/campaigns/campaign1stpunic.html
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| | Warrior Challenge. Romans. Time Capsule PBS |
| | The Punic Wars: 264 BC - 146 BC | | | After Hannibal's ally Macedonia was vanquished in 149 BC and Carthage transformed into a province three years later, Roman supremacy over the Mediterranean became indisputable. | | | Although siege works had been used in the past, this double ring fortification was so elaborate and effective that Caesar, with his 45,000 men was able to defeat the relief army of 250,000 men. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wnet/warriorchallenge/print/print_romans_time.html
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| | Ancient Rome - Punic Wars |
| | The first and second Punic wars (264-241 Bcand 218-201 BC) had effectively deprived Carthage of its political power. | | | Roman troops tried to bar his advance but were outmatched, and Hannibal's hold over northern Italy was established. | | | In 264 the Carthaginians intervened in a dispute between the two principal cities on the Sicilian west coast, Messana and Syracuse, and so established a presence on the island. |
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http://www.crystalinks.com/punicwars.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Only those with a certain amount of wealth could participate Citizen/soldiers were ordered by class and organized into military units or centuries. | | | Archaeological sources SPOTLIGHT: Pompeii, a Roman town 79 CE V. | | | First Punic War (264 — 241 BC) Rome victorious on land and sea Rome seized Sardinia and Corsica 227 BC First Roman province outside of Italy 4. |
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http://www.baraboo.uwc.edu/academics/classresources/history/10.23notes.doc
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| | First Punic War |
| | In 241 BC, the Carthaginians and Romans signed a treaty in which Carthage had to give up Sicily, which it didn't miss. | | | The First Punic War: 264-241 BC The North African city of Cathage had the greatest navy in the Mediterranean Sea in the 3rd century B.C. Cathage controlled most of North Africa, and also controlled the islands of Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, and most of Southern Spain in Europe. | | | The First Punic War broke out in 264 BC. |
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http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/RomanLinks/first_punic_war.htm
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| | eLookup Encyclopedia |
| | The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL. | | | 26 260 2600 2600_BC 2600_The_Hacker_Quarterly 260_BC 260s 260s_BC 261 2613_BC 261_BC 262 262_BC 263 263_BC 264 264_BC 265 265_BC 266 266_BC 267 267_BC 268 2686_BC 268_BC 269 269_BC 26_April 26_August 26_BC 26_December 26_February 26_January 26_July 26_June 26_March 26_May 26_November 26_October 26_September 26th_Amendment 26th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution 26th_Cavalry_Regiment 26th_Cavalry_Regiment_(PS) 26th_century 26th_century_BC 26th_of_December |
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http://www.ebroadcast.com.au/lookup/encyclopedia/26
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| | Bc_Ringette |
| | The Punic Wars 264-146 Bc (Essential Histories, No 16) | | | The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (C. 1000-264 Bc) (Routledge History of the Ancient World) | | | Egyptian Art in the Days of the Pharaohs, 3100-320 Bc (World of Art) |
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http://www.ebout.net/Bc_Ringette.html
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| | Zeno of Citium (333 BC-264 BC) : Library of Congress Citations |
| | 263 B.C., his system was named Stoicism) Enc. | | | Series: Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle LC Call No.: PA4500.Z3 1973 Dewey No.: 187 ISBN: 0405048548 Notes: Reprint of the 1891 ed. | | | Zeno of Citium (333 BC-264 BC) : Library of Congress Citations |
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http://www.mala.bc.ca/~MCNEIL/cit/citlczeno.htm
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| | Roman Republic: 753-31 BC |
| | 753-31 BC The Founding of the City: 753-262 BC 1184 BC: Aeneas arrives in Italy [Legendary] | | | 201-118 BC: Polybius, Greek who writes a history of Rome | | | 270-266 BC: Rome at war with Umbrians and Etruscans |
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http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/Mediterranean/RomeRep.html
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| | World Civilizations: Lecture Outline 3 |
| | F. From the Peloponnesian War to Macedonian Conquest 404-338 BC. | | | The Punic Wars: The Expansion of Rome into the Mediterranean World, 264-146 BC. | | | A. From the Origins of Rome to the End of the Monarchy, 753-509 BC. |
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http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/hst114o3.htm
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| | Phoenician Zeno of Citium |
| | Zeno was born in 333 B.C. in Citium, a principal Phoenician city in Cyprus, situated on the southeast coast near modern Larnaca. | | | Most of these are collected in Book VII of Diogenes Laertius' Lives of Eminent Philosophers, from which the following information is taken. |
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http://phoenicia.org/zenocit.html
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| | 264 BC -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | Three pairs of ((ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat) gladiators face off in the first recorded gladiatorial combat, held at the funeral games in honor of Decimus Brutus Pera. | | | 264 BC -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article | | | (Ancient Greek philosopher who found the Stoic school (circa 335-263 BC)) Zeno of Citium, (A specialist in philosophy) philosopher |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/2/26/264_bc1.htm
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| | Osprey Publishing - The Punic Wars 264—146 BC |
| | The three Punic Wars lasted over 100 years, between 264 BC and 146 BC. | | | They represented a struggle for supremacy in the Mediterranean between the bludgeoning land power of Rome, bent on imperial conquest, and the great maritime power of Carthage with its colonies and trading posts spread around the Mediterranean. | | | See shipping and handling charges for all countries |
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http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title=S3551
(334 words)
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| | Origins |
| | The first gladiatorial contest at Rome took place in 264 BC as part of aristocratic funerary ritual, a munus or funeral gift for the dead. | | | Decimus Junius Brutus put on a gladiatorial combat in honor of his deceased father with three pairs of slaves serving as gladiators in the Forum Boarium (a commercial area that was named after the Roman cattle market). |
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http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/gladiatr/origins.htm
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| | Adherents.com |
| | Later we find him linked with cults in Aegina, Sparta and Phrygia. | | | This new type of religion becomes evident in the time of Imperial Rome, although it had its beginnings as far back as the 6th or 5th century BC. | | | "The fact that Orpheus was adopted as the founder of the Eleusinian Mysteries should mean that he composed the sacred poetry, and a chronicle of 264 BC probably named him as the author of a cult poem on the rape of Persephone. |
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http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_489.html
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| | egover2 |
| | Etruscan rule in Rome for about 100 years beginning around 600 BC | | | Earliest beginnings as small town in 8th century BC Growth and subsequent domination over Italian peninsula and Mediterranean region | | | By 600 BC, entire west coast of Italy from Po River Valley to Campania |
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http://condor.depaul.edu/~sbucking/extra/296W3over1.htm
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| | Find in a Library: The Punic Wars, 264-146 BC |
| | Find in a Library: The Punic Wars, 264-146 BC Search: | | | To find a library, type in a postal code, state, province, or country. | | | WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries. |
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http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/18ced494f5c8b21ca19afeb4da09e526.html
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