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| | 16th Century Lutheran & Orthodox Dialogue |
 | | Thus, it is extremely noteworthy that a group of Lutheran theologians from the University of Tübingen in Germany during the last quarter of the sixteenth century would initiate a dialogue with — and even seek approval from — the Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Orthodox Christians under Ottoman oppression in the East. | | | Large sections of Eastern Orthodox Christianity existed for centuries under Muslim and later under Ottoman rule — all hostile in varying degrees to Christianity. | | | It also would be naïve to suggest that theology alone was the driving force behind this sixteenth century correspondence. |
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http://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htm
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| | The Realm Of Venus - Ladies Clothing and Accessories in 16th Century Venice |
| | The variations in style from the late fifteenth century to the end of the sixteenth are numerous, but the outstanding qualities of Venetian gowns were femininity, elegant simplicity, and sex appeal. | | | If you are looking for information on 16th century Venetian clothing design - the what and how of putting together an authentic looking outfit - "Venus' Wardrobe" is for you. | | | For my research and theory on how the clothes were constructed see "Venus' Seamstress". |
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http://realmofvenus.renaissancewoman.net
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| | 16th century Satanism - an imaginary religion |
| | In the State of Utah, a newspaper poll during the 1990's showed that about 90% of adults believe in the existence of Satanic groups who abuse and kill infants. | | | These elements continue to surface today in conservative Christian anti-Satanic and anti-Wiccan hate literature. | | | The belief offered the neatest solution to the dilemma of theodicy -- the theological conflict caused by the presence of evil in the universe that was created by an all-loving, moral God. |
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http://www.religioustolerance.org/satanis5.htm
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| | 16th and 17th century Coifs |
| | TREASURES FROM THE EMBROIDERER'S GUILD COLLECTION, Chapter 1: "From Tudor Coifs to the Twentieth Century: British Embroideries," by Lynn Szygenda. | | | --TREASURES FROM THE EMBROIDERERS' GUILD COLLECTION, "From Tudor Coifs to the Twentieth Century," by Lynn Szygenda. | | | These symbols would originally have been readily understood by the educated, but by the end of the century they had lost much of their significance and become formalized motifs. |
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http://costume.dm.net/headwear/coifpics.html
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| | CDC - Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico |
| | This geography of disease is not consistent with the introduction of an Old World virus to Mexico, which should have effected both coastal and highland populations. | | | The native population collapse in 16th century Mexico was a demographic catastrophe with one of the highest death rates in history. | | | Tree-ring evidence, reconstructed rainfall over Durango, Mexico during the 16th century (6), adds support to the hypothesis that unusual climatic conditions may have interacted with host-population dynamics and the cocoliztli virus to aggravate the epidemics of 1545 and 1576. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no4/01-0175.htm
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| | SCSC Home Page |
| | The Sixteenth Century Society and Conference (SCSC) is a scholarly society that is interested in the early modern era (ca. | | | This annual meeting preferably and traditionally takes place on the last full weekend of October. | | | WELCOME TO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY SOCIETY AND CONFERENCE |
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http://www.sixteenthcentury.org
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| | Tarot Magick in the 16th Century |
| | So, again, it appears that a non-gaming usage of Tarot has not yet been confirmed for dates earlier than the mid-18th century, at least not in the more scholarly works devoted to the history of the deck(s). | | | There is certainly some evidence that Tarot was used in ways other than for gaming prior to the 18th century, but these are generally dismissed by skeptics as "light-hearted" and thus of no consequence. | | | But, it is interesting to note that what this means magickally is the use of the Tarot deck as a kind of pantacle, or set of them, and a couple of centuries before we should have thought to find evidence of such a thing. |
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http://jktarot.com/tarmag16.html
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| | 16th Century Persian Women's Clothing |
| | This kind of veiling may have evolved into the all-enveloping tent-like garments frequently seen today in the cities of Afghanistan (Michaud 9). | | | Throughout most of Islam's history, women were veiled and 16th century Persia was no exception. | | | Persia was more or less united under Safavid rule during much of the 16th century (Bacharach 42, 105). |
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http://fenris.net/~lizyoung/16thCePers/16thCePersian.html
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| | Embellishment |
| | This is out of the question unless you have an abundance of time. | | | Many Court costumes of the 16th Century were encrusted with gems and jewelry. | | | In the world of historical costuming there exist a continuum from those who want to create costumes that look historical and are made using historical fabrics and methods, all the way to those who create costumes that are only reminiscent of a particular historical period. |
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http://lynnmcmasters.com/embellishment.html
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| | 17th Century |
| | Women's necklines dropped precipitously among the fashionable (in warm weather), while remaining thoroughly covered in linen among the conservative middle class. | | | This is the style people associate with The Three Musketeers of Alexandre Dumas and Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac. | | | Conservative Catholics at the Spanish court, on the other hand keep wearing fashions from the previous century well into the 17th Century. |
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http://schoolweb.missouri.edu/ashland.k12.mo.us/Carolee/webpage2.html
(740 words)
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| | The End of 15th and First Part of 16th Century |
| | Some of the groups had been seen or visited by the Spaniards but their existence was kept secret. | | | In the Indian Ocean the Portuguese were in the full bloom of their power in the beginning of the century. | | | The hope to discover a new road to India had not only animated the Portuguese navigators, but also led Columbus and Cabot across the Atlantic. |
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http://www.sevenoceans.com/MaritimeDiscovery/EndOf15thAndFirstPpartOf16.htm
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| | Reformers of the 16th Century: Resources and Links |
| | The American Colonist's Library includes an massive set of links to primary source documents from Classical, Medieval, and Ren/ Ref/ Colonial times that influenced the American colonists. | | | This class was a study of the many Reformers God used to revive His Church in the Protestant Reformation. | | | Wyclif and Hus -14th and 15th Century attempts at reform. |
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http://www.eldrbarry.net/heidel/heidel.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | A number of lovely German & Flemish outfits and articles on making them | | | A Brief History of Lace in the 1500's | | | 16th Century Smocks & Chemises: Their history and how to make them |
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http://costume.dm.net/content.html
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| | Sixteenth Century |
| | The second half of the century was consumed with the Wars of Religion, which were as much a political and civil conflict as a religious one. | | | A spirit of inquiry, a desire to return to first principles, was blowing through the Church, which had been the unifying cultural foundation of Europe for a millenium. | | | The century opened with the discovery of a new continent. |
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http://www.lepg.org/sixteen.htm
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| | MFA-Turkish Miniatures in the 16th Century |
| | century, the number of miniaturists in S’leyman the Magnificent's court only were 29 instructor-masters and 12 apprentice-pupils. | | | centuries and they have been found in Egypt. | | | The miniaturist signed his work only if he alone has painted the portrait or the scene. |
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http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Ext/miniatur.html
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| | whhs bushbury 16th century |
| | This could have been the moated site to the west of the church referred to by Stebbing Shaw. | | | The Reverend Stebbing Shaw, writing at the end of the eighteenth century in his "History and Antiquities of Staffordshire", refers to "Bushbury Great Field" but it has not been possible to identify its boundaries. | | | The principal land owning families were, at Bushbury the Grosvenors; at Moseley the Moseleys; the Levesons owned Oxley and Showell, although they were not resident in the parish. |
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http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/bushbury/16thcent.htm
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| | UNESCO Courier: 16th century AD |
| | A document dating from the beginning of the seventeenth century puts the figure at 456. | | | The black eunuchs who had charge of it from the end of the sixteenth century retained their power and influence until the end of the imperial period. | | | Ottoman sources say 700, which would seem to be a maximum in view of the space alloted them. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1991_Dec/ai_11864013
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| | HOASM: The High Renaissance |
| | IVK: Orlandus Lassus and Catholic Polyphony in late 16th Century Germany | | | IVB: At the Imperial Court of Maximilian I | | | The Netherlander Lassus (died 1594) in Munich and the Italian Palestrina (died 1594) in Rome were the two outstanding masters of the second half of the century, and the Royal Courts, from that of the German Emperor Maximilian I to that of Queen Elizabeth I of England, were the main centres of music making. |
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http://www.hoasm.org/PeriodIV.html
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| | 16th Century |
| | This map was the most important historical maps of the city noticeable for its accuracy and the care with which the woodcut was put together. | | | Other indications even suggest that the original drawing may have been made in the closing years of the Fifteenth century. | | | It shows no identifiable features specific to the city as it was known. |
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http://ias.berkeley.edu/cmes/icmc_files/icmc/16th.htm
(364 words)
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| | TIMELINE 16th CENTURY page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE |
| | It s "liberal" in the old sense of arguing for life according to nature, rather than the dictates of Church or State. | | | The 16th Century was a time of great exploration, religious turmoil, political turmoil, scientific advances, and extraordinary literature. | | | The flavor of this masterpiece can be found in the late 20th century works of the Strugatsy brothers (always poking fun at Soviet stuffed shirts), the comic fiction of Robert Sheckley, Frederic Brown, or any of the iconoclastic works of SF which exalt the individual. |
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http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline16.html
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| | 16th Century Europe |
| | Ruffs had begun very modestly in mid Century on the wealthy, primarily in France and Spain, but spread rapidly, and grew in size to the end of the Century, and into the beginning of the next. | | | You are not required to read all the material on all the links, however: | | | By mid Century, clothing is so stiffened and tight with the desire to constrict change that some surviving examples appear as though they could stand up on their own. |
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http://www.costumes.org/classes/fashiondress/16thCent.htm
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| | Building a 16th Century Linenfold Chest |
| | Since this document was started in media res some of the early stages aren't documented as fully as the later ones. | | | century but not modelled after any particular piece. | | | Many linenfold chests have survived to the present, most of which are similar in general layout. |
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http://www.medievalwoodworking.com/articles/linenfold/linenfold.html
(676 words)
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| | Anabaptism in 16th Century Europe |
| | This meant that all soldiers where now Christians; a new twist for believers who previously desisted military service because of their allegiance to a greater emperor. | | | He strongly opposed the Mayhem in Munster, but was forced to go into hiding for a year because of his offers of minor assistance to them. | | | The joy of New Testament baptism through repentance and conversion of adult believers had been lost in this practice which originated in about the Fourth century. |
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http://www.cob-net.org/anabaptism.htm
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| | British Bookbindings |
| | This binding is almost certainly by Henry Walther, one of a group of German binders who came to England in the late eighteenth century. | | | These gold-blocked panels were used during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and most of the seventeenth century, usually on small religious works, such as this, which were produced cheaply but intended to look expensive. | | | Canvas was used as a base material from the fourteenth century until the middle of the seventeenth century, but velvet was more common during the Tudor period and satin during the Stuart. |
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http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/bindings
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| | The identity of the mathematical practitioner in 16th-century England |
| | The Protestant reign of Edward VI (1547–1553) and the Catholic reaction under Mary (1553–1558) were too riven by political and religious upheaval to provide a stable courtly environment. | | | For the rest of the century, the idea of an inventive and intellectually expansive court went into retreat. | | | Of course, books had been printed in England since the 15th century, but the first printed mathematical book in the vernacular was the anonymous ‘An introduction for to lerne to recken with the pen or with the counters’ (1537); Robert Recorde’s much better-known ‘Grounde of Artes’ followed in the early 1540s. |
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http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/staff/saj/texts/mathematicus.htm
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| | Constructing 16th Century Welsh Names |
| | This pamphlet does not attempt to describe all the possible names and name patterns that could be found in 16th century Wales, but rather is a guide to how to construct a name that would be "typical" for the time and place. | | | In theory, after Henry VIII passed the Act of Union, Welsh people were supposed to adopt English-style fixed, hereditary surnames, just as the English had been using for a considerable period at that point. | | | This pamphlet looks at the more typical names and name formats that appear in Welsh records during the 16th century. |
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http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/welsh16.html
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| | 16th century - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. | | | 15th century - 16th century - 17th century | | | Martin Luther at age 46 (Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1529) |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century
(1163 words)
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| | Ukrainian Icon In The 11th-16th CC.:Main Hall |
| | The appearance of this subject in Byzantine art is believed to date from the 6th century. | | | Nicholas With Scenes From His Life (Latter half of the 16th century) | | | The Descent Into Limbo (The Anastasis) (Mid-16th century) |
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http://www.christusrex.org/www1/lviv/Gallery/MainHall.html
(360 words)
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| | 16th Century |
| | Although pounds had been used in accounts for centuries, no pound coin had been issued before. | | | Double and treble sovereigns were struck at this time, but probably not for general use. | | | He also introduced the Testoon, a one shilling coin, at the start of the 16th century and re-introduced the Ryal for a while. |
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http://www.bignell.uk.com/16th_century.htm
(340 words)
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| | 16th-19th Century: Internet Collections by Period, etc.: Literature: Subject Guides: MIT Libraries |
| | Eighteenth Century Studies - "This collection archives works of the eighteenth century from the perspectives of literary and cultural studies. | | | Verse was selected for this project "from standard bibliographies, anthologies, and histories of American literature....These were supplemented by specialized bibliographies of writing by American women and people of color." A joint project of the Humanities Text Initiative and the University of Michigan Press. | | | This is a joint project of the Universities of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Oxford. |
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http://libraries.mit.edu/guides/subjects/literature/renaissance.html
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| | Early 16th Century Scottish Lowland Names |
| | From around the 15th century, Scots was also spoken by some in Shetland and especially Orkney. | | | In 16th century Scotland, people did not have the notion that there was one and only one correct way to spell someone's name. | | | [1] Since Scottish Lowlanders spoke a very similar language to the English and historically had had similar cultural influences, as well as varying degrees of contact with England, 16th century Scottish Lowland names were very similar in general to 16th century English names, though there were differences in detail. |
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http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/lowland16
(1259 words)
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| | HOASM: The Venetian Style |
| | Having the choir divided for the antiphonal singing of part-music was a device known in the north; moreover, it was not new to Italian soil, but the old practice was to achieve new life at the hands of Willaert (who, however, is not credited with its invention by Zarlino, as is often claimed). | | | Willaert, however, by directing the music at St. Mark's and by functioning as a teacher as well as in other capacities, helped to establish what may legitimately be called a Venetian School. | | | The great event in the domain of sacred music in early 16th century Venice was the election, in 1527, with the support of the Doge Andrea Gritti, of Willaert as maestro di cappella of St. Mark's. |
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http://www.hoasm.org/IVN/IVNVenetianStyle.html
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| | DragonBear: 16th Century Samplers |
| | 177, and cited in several other texts.) Throughout the rest of the century there are numerous references in poems, plays, and account books, which shows the popularity of the form. | | | By the 16th century there were a wide variety of stitches available to the embroiderer, and many were used in these samplers: | | | Notice also that none of these "Celtic" knotwork motifs are from Celtic countries; knotwork designs were extremely popular everywhere in the 16th century. |
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http://www.dragonbear.com/samplers.html
(1596 words)
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| | The Estevanico Society: 16th Century Bibliography on Estevanico. |
| | The Estevanico Society: 16th Century Bibliography on Estevanico. | | | The file CIBOLA.PDF contains the French translations of all the 16th century documents related to the discovery of New Mexico by Fray Marcos de Niza and Estevanico. | | | The diffusion of this document is restricted to non profit research only. |
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http://www.estevanico.org/nallino.html
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| | THE 16th CENTURY |
| | The 16th Century was perhaps the most turbulent in the long and bloody history of Scotland. | | | It was also a century of religious upheaval with reformations taking place in both Scotland and England resulting in both nations converting to the Protestant faith. | | | The 16th Century was the heyday of the Border Reiver, one of the most overlooked and misunderstood characters in the nations history. |
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http://www.gaddgedlar.com/16th_century.htm
(201 words)
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| | [History] > 16th Century - Ayin - Great China Earthquake |
| | A similar correlation between a major historical calamity and the chapter sequence of Revelation is seen in the Black Death of the Fourteenth Century. | | | It was the greatest natural disaster - in terms of the death toll of 830 thousand - in all of recorded human history. | | | This Sixteenth Century earthquake correlates perfectly with the common theme connecting Spoke 16 of the Inner Wheel of Revelation with Zechariah on Spoke 16, Cycle 2 of the Bible Wheel. |
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http://www.biblewheel.com/History/C16_Quake.asp
(320 words)
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| | The 16th Century |
| | Rhau's publications uniquely reflected the standard choral repertoire of 16th Century Lutheranism. | | | Among those setting the course for Lutheran music in the early 1500s, two musicians stand out for their unique contributions. | | | The following important composers born at the end of the 16th Century began the transition into the 17th Century: |
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http://www.thrivent.com/heritage/music/16/composers.html
(729 words)
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| | Building a 16th Century Wheel Barrow |
| | At the Weald and Downland Museum in England, they have a reconstruction of a similar type based on archaeological evidence from medieval London waterfront excavations. | | | Very similar barrows also appear in the late 15th century "Medieval Housebook" of Wolfegg Castle. | | | It seems the art of the heat-shrunk tire was largely lost in Europe through most of the Middle Ages, not becoming common again until the 16th or 17th century. |
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http://www.his.com/~tom/sca/barrow.html
(2681 words)
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| | The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights |
| | The 18th century, when the national school of painting flourished, is represented by artists who brought fame to England far beyond its shores. | | | Works by Reynolds' contemporaries also found their way to Russia: Venus Comforting Cupid, Stung by a Bee, and Portrait of George, Prince of Wales, and Prince Frederick, Duke of York (1778) by the historical painter to King George III, Benjamin West, who headed the Royal Academy after Reynolds's death. | | | A younger contemporary of Kneller, John Wootton, is closely associated with the development of the hunting genre in painting, a characteristic example of which is the work Dogs and a Magpie. |
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http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_3_1_6.html
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| | 15th and 16th Century Gypsy Women's Costume |
| | century, at least according to artists of the time. | | | If you are observant you can spot Gypsy women in numerous art works in the late 15 | | | century, not including the ones with Gypsy in the title. |
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http://www.eagnet.com/edipage/areaserv/camdentor/gypsyclass.htm
(1111 words)
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| | Women Warriors Throughout History, 16th Century, battles, tournaments, soldier, revolutionary, war, pirate, duel, ... |
| | Since the 15th Century it has been the traditional weapon of ladies of the bushi class. | | | Women Warriors Throughout History, 16th Century, battles, tournaments, soldier, revolutionary, war, pirate, duel, disguise, historical re-enactment, living history, Lothene Experimental Archaeology. | | | Women as Warriors from 3500BC to the 20th Century |
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http://www.lothene.demon.co.uk/others/women16.html
(552 words)
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| | Dar Anahita: 16th Century Near Eastern Women's Clothing |
| | The artists who made these pictures were all Europeans and thus there may be inaccuracies in the representations of the garments. | | | She wears outdoor garments: a veil over her head coming down to her ankles, a narrow-sleeved tunic, stockings or hose of some sort, and "ballet" slippers | | | Her veiling is more extreme than the Syrian woman's, and includes a lower face covering. |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~lilinah/Costuming/16women.html
(490 words)
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| | The History of Costume - Index #6 |
| | Plate #35 - First Third of the Sixteenth Century - Germany | | | Plate #36 - First Third of the Sixteenth Century - Germany | | | Plate #31 - Second Half of the Fifteenth Century |
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http://www.siue.edu/COSTUMES/COSTUME6_INDEX.HTML
(71 words)
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