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| | Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century |
 | | Hence the classic image of the entrepreneur serving the public interest, which persisted throughout the nineteenth century, while the virtues of laissez-faire and free trade were everywhere celebrated. | | | For Braudel the monopolistic character of capitalism is the key element of privilege and the link between the state and society. | | | Beginning his study with counting all of humanity, Braudel starts off with a global view, involving the rich and the poor, and all regions of the world. |
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http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/heston.shtml
(4812 words)
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| | The Origins of the Inquisition in 15th Century Spain (review) |
| | In consequence, in the middle of the 15th century (and no doubt in many cases even later) the great majority of the New Christians in Spain had not yet shaken off the shadow of their past; and the result of this fact was the consciousness of their "otherness" that determined the attitude of their neighbors... | | | Thus began a century of conflict between Jews and non-Jews that culminated in the mass expulsion of all Jews from Spain in 1492. | | | As a result, by the middle of the 15th century there was a numerically large (perhaps 100,000), and politically and economically significant community of people of Jewish descent in Spain who were, at least outwardly, Christians. |
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http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v16/v16n1p-2_Chalmers.html
(10161 words)
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| | From the late 13th century through the 15th century (from Aristotelianism) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Some scholars have indeed claimed that Aristotelianism collapsed, but such an assertion does not take into account the non-Aristotelian components of previous philosophies and the permanent acceptance of Aristotelian doctrines in the new ones. | | | The various schools of Scholastic philosophy—Thomism, Scotism, Ockhamism—that asserted themselves in the 14th century and that lived on had a common Aristotelian basis, but they had different ways of interpreting it (see also Scholasticism and Christianity). | | | From the Byzantine renaissance to the 15th century |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-33152?hook=408124
(1634 words)
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: Witchcraft Documents [15th Century] |
| | Some recent authors - notably Carlo Ginzberg - however, have argued that there were indeed groups of people who regarded themselves as witches. | | | The basic doctrines of the later witchcraze were laid down in documents of the later medieval period. | | | Real or not, witches and witchcraft, were very real phenomena to the writers of the fifteenth century and later. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/witches1.html
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| | Christian Century: 15th century AD |
| | Kant put an end to metaphysical speculations for many Protestants, while Friedrich Schleiermacher developed a new kind of liberal dogmatics that took Kant's critique fully into account. | | | Liberal Protestants in the 19th century were quick to reject all things Greek (that is, metaphysical) and embrace all things Hebraic (that is, ethical). | | | The ancient councils had lost in their metaphysical categories the liberal Protestant vision of a "young and fearless prophet of ancient Galilee, whose life is still a summons to serve humanity." Not surprisingly, there was no room for Aquinas in this particular theological inn. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_17_122/ai_n15379538
(1390 words)
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| | Understanding 15th Century Italian Dance |
| | Depending on your reconstruction, you are either supposed to face in the same direction as the step you are taking or in the opposite. | | | This is the only misura that was not an independent dance form at some point in it's own right. | | | She is widely recognized as one of the foremost authorities on reconstruction of 15 century Italian dance and I first learned this dance form under her. |
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http://www.mindspring.com/~tkilling/itartasc.htm
(3428 words)
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| | Vinland Map Parchment is 15th Century Radiocarbon Tests Show |
| | Doug Donahue (left) and Larry Toolin of the NSF-Arizona AMS lab cut subsamples of a sliver of the Vinland map parchment for radiocarbon dating. | | | Olin also reported in her 2000 article that when examined in connection with historical evidence regarding ink production, the elemental composition (as reported by McCrone and by the UC-Davis scientists) supports the possibility that the ink is 15th century. | | | McCrone reported in 1974, and has since maintained, that the ink could not be medieval because it contains too much crystalline anatase, a form of titaniam dioxide that became commercially available only in 1920. |
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http://ali.opi.arizona.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/UANews.woa/1/wa/SRStoryDetails?ArticleID=5862
(1106 words)
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| | Lorenzo de' Medici and Florence in the 15th century |
| | It is amazing what can happen when people are in the right place at the right time. | | | Not only did he have a major influence on politics and the people he ruled over, he also helped in the early experimentation which led to one of the best secular genres of his century. | | | Not only did he possibly help influence the development of the madrigal but he also helped greatly to improve political relations with other countries and encourage commerce during his rule. |
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http://www.vanderbilt.edu/htdocs/Blair/Courses/MUSL242/f98/robing.htm
(1391 words)
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| | TurkoTek Discussion Forums - 15th Century Andalusian Rug |
| | Dear Sue and All- I understand your confusion, especially considering what the adjustments to the photo mentioned By R.J Howe have done, but Turko-Arabs have represented the predominant culture in Morocco and Andalusia for centuries. | | | (4'th/5'th century) that have been found by mr. | | | This 15th century rug has never, I think, been exhibited before, perhaps in part because it is in very poor condition. |
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http://www.turkotek.com/misc_00009/misc_9.htm
(3298 words)
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| | Overview of 15th Century Men's Doublets |
| | This book also has many of the illustrations cited. | | | I know of only one documented doublet from this century and detailed information about it has not been published, at least not in English. | | | This does not mean that one would never find a doublet with Northern European features in Italy and vice versa, but that there were some features that were found more often in one region than in the other. |
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http://www.nachtanz.org/SReed/doublets.html
(3401 words)
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| | Richard III Society -- 15th century Life |
| | The fifteenth was also the century in which the carol came to full perfection, and there were secular carols written as well as carols for many occasions of the Christian year. | | | Figures carved in alabaster would have been seen by many people in the fifteenth century. | | | The household mentality had familial, economic, social, political, and religious ramifications, and was a powerful force before, during, and beyond the fifteenth century. |
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http://www.r3.org/life/articles/delights.html
(6141 words)
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| | 15th century - Skeleton Discovered Under 15th Century Ship is Much Older |
| | The bones were found three years ago, and the findings mean they are 1500 years older than the 15th century ship under which they were discovered. | | | BRAMA - History of Ukraine - 15th Century | | | Ensigns 13th-15th Centuries; Royal Standard of the Catholic Kings 1492-1506 In 15th century coats-of-arms they could be seen as any number from five to |
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http://infoseeknow.com/ifsn/15th-century.htm
(434 words)
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| | The 15th Century |
| | Much of Scotland’s foreign policy of the century was centred around the “Auld Alliance” a military alliance with France against the mutual enemy: England. | | | For Europe it was a bloody century featuring the climax of the Hundred Years War between England, France and Scotland and the brutal horror of the “Wars of the Roses” where England went to war with itself. | | | For Scotland, however, the century is marked by the fact that of the four kings crowned during it, none of them died peacefully in their beds. |
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http://www.gaddgedlar.com/15th_century.htm
(174 words)
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| | 15th Century Renaissance Painting |
| | These were just coming into use in the later part of the fifteenth century, but had not yet usurped the place hitherto filled by the pictures. | | | The names of the Tiepoli (singular, Tiepolo) in Venice, or of Canaletto and of Guardi, famed for their views of Venetian architecture, will hold a very minor place in the perspective which places the sixteenth century in the foreground. | | | The traditional subjects of Christian art were not less interesting, but rather more so on this account. |
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http://www.oldandsold.com/articles34/renaissance-art-14.shtml
(2521 words)
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| | Manuscripts of the 15th century |
| | The nation was by no means in such a state of barbarism as some writers would lead us to expect. | | | The Highlands seem to have had a large number of men of letters during the 15th century, and most of our existing manuscript materials seem to be of that age. | | | They had legal forms, for we have a formal legal charter of lands written in Gaelic; they had medical men of skill and acquirement; they had writers on law and theology, and they had men skilled in architecture and sculpture. |
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http://www.electricscotland.com/history/literat/manuscri.htm
(1294 words)
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| | History 15th Century |
| | Hus prophesied before his execution in 1415: "In one hundred years, God will raise up a man whose calls for reform cannot be suppressed." One Hundred years later, in 1515 Luther was converted and began declaring salvation by faith alone. | | | The Lollards swept through the country teaching the common people that Scripture was the ultimate authority over the church and sufficient for government of the world. | | | By the end of the fifteenth century, fifty percent of the populations were either Lollards or in sympathy with them. |
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http://www.seekfind.net/Amazing_Facts/History_15th_Century.html
(344 words)
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| | Susan Reed: Men's Headdress -- A Review of Literature |
| | This review of literature is a part of ongoing presentation of my thesis project on 15th and early 16th century men’s headdress. | | | Unlike the other authors, she does cover the development of ecclesiastical vestments for these three centuries, the sight of which would have been most frequent in medieval society, and of professional and academic dress. | | | The previous article on 15th century visual evidence as sources of costume information (in the Archive) was also derived that study. |
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http://www.nachtanz.org/SReed/headrevlit.html
(4844 words)
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| | Daimyo flags, 15th - 17th century (Japan) |
| | Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598) the warlord and he could for the first time truly claim that he had extended his regime nationwide into which provincial lords were integrated. | | | Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) the Shogun warrior chieftain who outwitting many of his major contemporaries and outliving and out-procreating the rest, survived Japan's late 16th century wars of unification with victories at the battles of Sekigahara (1600) and Osaka (1614). | | | This is why we will see so many Daimyo flags. |
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http://flagspot.net/flags/jp-kuni.html
(664 words)
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| | Tents of the 15th Century |
| | 15th century (Henry III landing in Aquitaine with his retinue) | | | 15th century (French army of the 15th century) | | | This page was last updated on the 18th April 2001 |
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http://www.geocities.com/historyoftents/15thcentury/15thcindex.html
(582 words)
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| | 15th Century Flags (Spain) |
| | The Castile and Leon flag is reputedly the first to have flown on American territory, since it was the one used by Christopher Columbus on behalf of the Spanish government who subsidized his journeys. | | | The Spanish flag being relatively new —it was first used at the end of the eighteenth century— the kings of Spain used to fly the flags of the different kingdoms that joined together at the end of the Middle Ages. | | | Historically there was no convention on where the arrows should be pointing or what number should they be. |
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http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es_15thc.html
(1594 words)
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| | 15th Century |
| | The Map to the right claims to show Cairo in the 15 th Century. | | | Cairo's famous features cannot be recognized here, and there are no accurate representations for the city. |
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http://ias.berkeley.edu/cmes/icmc_files/icmc/15th.htm
(64 words)
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| | Bagpipes -- 15th Century |
| | Nativity -- Annunciation to the Shepherds: [Ms Lyons BM 5142] French, 15th century. | | | Includes a peasant with a bagpipe, in the background, with a group leaving the scene. | | | Nativity -- Adoration of the Magi: [Pa private collection] Italian (Venetian), 15th century. |
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http://www.unh.edu/music/Icon/ibphs.htm
(3694 words)
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| | A Venetian Diplomat in the 15th Century Lithuania |
| | Some 30 years before the start of Contarini's travels, Ladislas III, a son of Jogaila, had led a crusade against the Ottomans but was defeated and killed at Varna, a Black Sea port in present-day Bulgaria. | | | ALBERT C. Some time ago, I was looking through a history of Lithuania1 which had belonged to my father-in-law, Joseph Ambraziejus, a well-known leader in the underground movement for Lithuanian independence during the first decade of this century. | | | A Venetian Diplomat in the 15th Century Lithuania |
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http://www.lituanus.org/1984_3/84_3_03.htm
(3687 words)
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| | The Great Age Of Discovery - 15th Century |
| | Thus within half a century after the day when Columbus first landed on Guanahani, we find almost the whole eastern coast of America rising from an unknown past. | | | Towards the end of the fifteenth century the English flag was still a stranger to the Mediterranean. | | | The direct communication with the Levant only began in the sixteenth century. |
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http://sevenoceans.com/MaritimeDiscovery/GreatAgeOfDiscovery15thCentury.htm
(1334 words)
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| | 15th Century Italian Dance |
| | This book lists only a handful of 15th C dances, and there are many more dances that can be done in an SCA setting that are not listed in this book. | | | There are several of these dances that have never or very rarely been reconstructed (because the transcriptions and translations have only recently been made available), and so it is useful work too! | | | Later, you will want to come back and read more of the step descriptions and learn more of the complex dances, then read up on tempi, misura, and maniera, which are also described here. |
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http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/del/sections/15th_c_italian_dance.html
(605 words)
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| | Unit I Contents |
| | Unit I Perspective: The World in the 15th Century | | | Unit I - The World in the Fifteenth Century |
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http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/curriculum/socialstd/MWH/Unit_I_Contents2.html
(108 words)
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| | Essay or Coursework - Great Architectural Feats of the 15th Century |
| | This course of action is evidence that Brunelleschi was far more advance than and epitomized all other late 15th and sixteenth century renaissance architects. | | | Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in 1475 and died in 1564. | | | Coursework and Essays: By Level: A2 and A-Level: Design and Technology: Great Architectural Feats of the 15th Centur |
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http://www.coursework.info/i/25410.html
(605 words)
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| | Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century |
| | Fifteenth century Spanish names reflect both traditional names that had been used for centuries and new names that were beginning to come into use. | | | The names of 1957 men and 456 women who received money from the queen are mentioned. | | | Names are fairly simple, with the vast majority of people having a single given name and a single element surname. |
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http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella
(305 words)
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| | A 15th C. Chivalric Miscellany in the Hastings Collection |
| | How a Man Schall be armyd at his ese (Modern and Middle English versions): 15th century text describing what a mans shall wear and what he should bring to the field when a foot combat is expected. | | | Challenge between John Astley and Sir Philip Boyle of Castile (declaration and rules for a joust): Another interesting set of rules, this one documenting the emprise at which John Astley was knighted by Henry VI after his martial display with a Castilian knight, Sir Philip Boyle. | | | We ran across an old copy of this piece in the Chronique archives; it was printed at the turn of the century, when the study of chivalric topics was far more popular than it is today. |
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http://www.chronique.com/Library/MedHistory/Archeologia-chivalry.htm
(630 words)
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| | A Treasure of 15th-Century Manuscript Illumination (Getty Exhibitions) |
| | During the 15th century the popular art form of the hand-painted book faced challenges from new developments in independent painting and the invention of the printed book. | | | Throughout the century and across Europe, princes enhanced their prestige by creating libraries stocked with richly illustrated manuscript copies of historical and spiritual texts. | | | Courtiers, nobles, and a newly wealthy middle class also discovered that a beautiful manuscript prayer book enhanced their status. |
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http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/manuscripts.html
(322 words)
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| | Women Warriors Throughout History, 15th Century, battles, tournaments, soldier, revolutionary, war, pirate, disguise, ... |
| | Since the 15th Century it has been the traditional weapon of ladies of the bushi class. | | | Women as Warriors from 3500BC to the 20th Century | | | Women Warriors Throughout History, 15th Century, battles, tournaments, soldier, revolutionary, war, pirate, disguise, historical re-enactment, living history, Lothene Experimental Archaeology |
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http://www.lothene.demon.co.uk/others/women15.html
(720 words)
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| | Richard III Society -- Fifteenth Century Life |
| | "Many casual students of history today and most students of past generations," writes Ohio University Professor A. Compton Reeves, "thought of the fifteenth century in English history as a time when English folk had forgotten what was good for them politically, religiously, legally, and in most other ways. | | | Members of the Ohio Chapter have a particular interest in recreating the material culture and coming to an appreciation of the rich life of the mind in Yorkist-era England. | | | It takes as its "keynote address" Professor Reeves' presentation, "Delights of Life in Fifteenth- century England," delivered literally as the keynote address at the 1989 Annual General Meeting of the American Branch. |
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http://www.r3.org/life
(273 words)
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| | Italian Balli of the 15th Century |
| | This is followed by the practice, which includes choreographies of 31 dances: 14 bassedanze, and 17 balli. | | | Our reconstruction is based on information gleaned from the primary sources, from other modern scholars' interpretations of these 15th century steps, and from knowledge of steps from 16th century sources, including Arbeau, Caroso, and Negri. | | | These treatises do not provide much concrete information on how the steps were done. |
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http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/lod/vol3/italian_balli.html
(3070 words)
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| | The History of Costume - Index #6 |
| | Plate #35 - First Third of the Sixteenth Century - Germany | | | Plate #36 - First Third of the Sixteenth Century - Germany | | | Plate #31 - Second Half of the Fifteenth Century |
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http://www.siue.edu/COSTUMES/COSTUME6_INDEX.HTML
(71 words)
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| | 15th and 16th Century Gypsy Women's Costume |
| | century, at least according to artists of the time. | | | If you are observant you can spot Gypsy women in numerous art works in the late 15 | | | century, not including the ones with Gypsy in the title. |
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http://www.eagnet.com/edipage/areaserv/camdentor/gypsyclass.htm
(1111 words)
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| | To Cry a Joust, 15th Century |
| | century account of a joust à plaisance, held for the pleasure both of the knights themselves and of the gathered ladies in the gallery. | | | The text is less fluid than some of the other elements included in the source, Sir John Astley's Great Book of Chivalry copied from an earlier manuscript in the 15 |
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http://www.chronique.com/Library/Tourneys/cryajoust.htm
(1567 words)
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| | An Embroidered Box from Medieval Germany |
| | This box is described in A Pictorial History of Western Embroidery, by Marie Schuette and Sigrid Mueller-Christiansen (1963) Frederick A. Praeger, New York, Item Number 178. | | | A 14th - 15th century Embroidered Box from Westphalia (Germany) |
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http://www.doctorbeer.com/joyce/emb/westbox/westbox.htm
(738 words)
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| | Hope Greenberg: 15th cent. Dresses: A portfolio of Images |
| | This site contains images of women from paintings and sculpture of the 15th century by artists working primarily in the northwestern part of Europe. | | | The gowns show a distinct evolution from the full, loose fitting overgowns, with fitted undergowns, of the early part of the century, to the narrower silhouette of the later part of the century, ending with the transition gown that crosses over to the 16th century. | | | A number of these dresses appear in late century with a clearly delineated lowered waistline, though they do not necessarily show a waist seam that becomes more common in the 16th century. |
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http://www.uvm.edu/~hag/sca/15th
(1591 words)
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| | Accent on Images: 15th & 16th Centuries |
| | [See also the 15th century book of hours, use of Rome (above) for a similar example of this type of devotional literature. | | | For a 19th century revival of the book of hours see the Livre de Prieres from 1886.] | | | [See also the late 15th century Dutch book of hours (below) for a similar example of this type of devotional literature. |
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http://voxlibris.claremont.edu/sc/events/accent/Lo_15_16cent.html
(352 words)
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| | Cauls, Truncated and Butterfly Henins, and theories |
| | Toward the middle of the century (1430-1460), noblewomen were switching to truncated-cone and butterfly hats, often with ornate decoration and complex veiling. | | | Some related headresses of the 15th Century: theories on construction | | | Construction methods for recreating bump/horn type cauls and their veils |
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http://www.virtue.to/articles/arnolfini.html
(3100 words)
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| | The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights |
| | But the central figure in the "Golden Age" was Diego Velazquez, represented here by one of his early works, Luncheon (1630s), and by Portrait of Count Olivares (about 1640), an outstanding piece of great charm and force. | | | The 17th century opens with a number of remarkable examples of formal portraiture, such as Portrait of Don Diego de Villamaior (1605) by Juan Pantoja de la Cruz. | | | Works by Ribera, Zurbaran, Velazquez, the most outstanding artists of the 17th century - the "Golden Age" of Spanish painting - give the collection particular significance. |
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http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_3_1_2.html
(249 words)
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| | The Movements -- Early Renaissance |
| | Images are only reproductions of the book cover, they do not indicate the size of the original art work. | | | Mid to Late 19th Century European Art |
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http://www.geocities.com/rr17bb/15thItaPainting.html
(37 words)
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| | ASIA SOCIETY: THE COLLECTION IN CONTEXT |
| | The Kushans, descendants of nomads from various parts of Central Asia, settled in what is present-day northern India, the Gandhara region of Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan by the 2nd century B.C.E., although it was not until the 1st century C.E. that the empire was united under one ruler. | | | Art from the Gandhara region shows the strong impact of Greek and Roman sculpture, owing in part to the conquests of Alexander the Great in that part of the world in the 4th century B.C.E. and to the strong diplomatic and trade relations between the Kushans and Rome. | | | There were two artistic centers of the Kushan empire, each with a distinctive style: a northern one in the Gandhara region centered around Peshawar and later in Taxila, and a southern one in Mathura, south of present-day New Delhi. |
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http://asiasocietymuseum.com/region_results.asp?...&CountryID=12&ChapterID=30
(192 words)
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