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| | Discovery from 9th to 13th Century |
 | | The Euxine opened her ports to the Venetian seamen, treaties of commerce were concluded with Trebizond and Armenia, and a factory was established at Tana, at the mouth of the Don. | | | But their voyages to the western ocean took place under circumstances much more favorable than those which had attended the men of Tyre and Carthage in their adventurous expeditions. | | | Along with Amalfi, Gaeta, Naples, and Pisa rose to considerable eminence in commerce, though far from equaling the power and splendor of Genoa and Venice. |
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http://www.sevenoceans.com/maritimediscovery/DiscoveryFrom9to13century.htm
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| | Scholasticism: Chapter II |
| | The great Commentator was wrong, egregiously wrong, in his conclusions; yet he had before him a truth which he never reached, which none has reached since, though many have endeavoured; a discovery the making of which would renovate philosophy. | | | The translations referred to were of Aristotle, and of commentators on Aristotle, sometimes Jewish, sometimes Greek. | | | He is said to have been buried at Oxford, where 'Folly Bridge,' on which in the eighteenth century stood what was then called 'Welcome's Folly,' and had been Friar Bacon's Observatory, still dimly preserves his memory *. |
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http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/scholas3.htm
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| | 13th Century Gedolim |
| | He main work is known simply as Mordechai, a halachic compendium arranged according to the order of the Talmud that cites many of the French and German Rishonim. | | | Rav Yom Tov the son of Avraham Asevilli was born in Seville in 1250, and lived there until his death in 1330. | | | Written by Rav Meir the son of Yekutiel HaKohein, these glosses on the Mishne Torah of Rambam stress the views of the Tosafists and other Ashkenazic scholars. |
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http://www.chaburas.org/13cent.html
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| | Encyclopedia: 13th century |
| | This page is about centuries as units of time. | | | This is a list of decades which have articles with more information about them. | | | William de Congenis worked in the early 13th century and spoke without disdain of itinerant surgeons who were noted for their practical expertise and specialization. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/13th-century
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| | History of Galicia and Volhynia second half of 13th century. Historical notes about medieval political history of ... |
| | The mutiny was organized by boyaryn Pylyp (Philipp). | | | Brutskus notes that in Jewish literature of 10th and 12th centuries, and in Rabbinical responses of this era, Jewish merchants who were traveling by whole caravans to Rus', found special definition "Holchei russia", similar to theirs chronichle name "ruzarii". | | | In 11th century, sources noted the caravan of Regensburg Jewish merchants who were returning from Rus' through Hungary. |
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http://www.personal.ceu.hu/students/97/Roman_Zakharii/gal.htm
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| | Category:13th century - Simple English Wikipedia |
| | This category is for articles and events specifically related to the 13th century, which began in the year 1201 and ended in the year 1300. | | | This page was last changed at 07:32, 6 August 2005. | | | Note that the year 1300 is included in Category:1300s in the 14th century but is actually part of the 13th century. |
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:13th_century
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| | Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck |
| | After he died in 1305, his wife said that he was the author. | | | Scholars believe he wrote the mystical Book of Splendor (Zohar) about 1280. | | | Moses claimed his manuscript was written in the 2nd century CE, and some of its teachings may derive from that era. |
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http://www.san.beck.org/AB21-Europe13thCentury.html
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| | A 13th-Century Traveler to China Comes to Light |
| | But because of the turbulence in China over the centuries, little is known of these foreigners or of the daily life of the cities where they lived. | | | If the manuscript had become public in his lifetime, he would have risked severe punishment, and Selbourne speculates that the manuscript was kept secret for so many centuries precisely because it is so profoundly anti-Christian. | | | In contrast, there is no possibility that Jacob was seeking fame with his manuscript, for his account includes constant disparaging remarks about Christians. |
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http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/china-manuscript.html
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| | Late 13th century armour adapted for the SCA |
| | Though the 14th century is usually associated with the ‘transitional' period in European armour study there are several examples that show armourers were beginning to experiment with rudimentary plate defenses from even the beginning of the 13th century. | | | By the end of the century it is possible to find examples of poleyns that would cover enough of the knee to be SCA legal. | | | This guide is mostly intended for those who would like a period looking harness but do not have the interest to do extensive research. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Labyrinth/4213/thirteenth.html
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| | 13th Century Icons (2) |
| | century, when such thuribles began to appear more frequently in frescoes as well, which was a reflection of their increased use in churches and monasteries. | | | The dating of the Ohrid thurible could thus be linked to that of the Benaki thurible, which would mean that the two were made in the 13 | | | In the churches of Ohrid there were icons and other objects worked in varying materials. |
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http://www.soros.org.mk/konkurs/019/eng/txt06_2.htm
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| | Worcester Art Museum - The Crucifixion with the Virgin and Saint John |
| | In the thirteenth century, however, Christ's agony and the sufferings of those who witnessed his death began to be emphasized. | | | Becoming popular in Christian devotion around the ninth century, the image of the crucified Christ was commonly depicted during the next four centuries as alive and often crowned, thus evoking both his human suffering and the eternal triumph of his conquest of death. | | | This group is remarkable because of its impressive size and its survival as an ensemble, including two witnesses, the disciple John and the Virgin Mary. |
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http://www.worcesterart.org/Collection/European/1934.26abc.html
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| | De Liebaart - Trade and Commerce in late 13th century Flanders |
| | These fairs were organised in sequence at each of a group of towns, allowing the merchants to attend all possible fairs in their region. | | | Most merchants would have visited a number of local markets on their way to the next regional fair, while many locals would also have been present at the regional fairs to buy the few exotic goods they were ever likely to possess. | | | The Flanders fairs declined with the rise of the towns as trade centres in the 13th century, but the sequential fair system did not disappear until well into the late Middle Ages. |
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http://www.liebaart.org/handel_e.htm
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| | Notes on 13th Century Poland |
| | During the 12th century, Krakow's Jews prospered as merchants, traders and tax-farmers, and by century's end they were sufficiently important to have become mintmasters to princes, issuing coins with not only monarchs' names but also their own in Hebrew. | | | The head covering was of leather and something like a cowl; it fell clear to his shoulders and ran up over the head in such a way that only his face and a bit of hair were visible. | | | Although the editors' original intention was to initiate an annual publication series, the second volume under review had to wait three years and had to be published with the help and cooperation of the Medium AEvum Quotidianum Society of Krems, Austria. |
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http://slavic.freeservers.com/Poland5.html
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| | 13th Century Brocaded Tablet Woven Band |
| | Century and later bands found in Europe were often silk with gold and silver brocading. | | | Century bands from the Middle East were primarily double-faced and brocaded in silk and linen. | | | century Anglo-Saxon belts were found in women's graves in Cambridge and Suffolk. |
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http://willadsenfamily.org/sca/isabel_as/brocade/brocade.htm
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| | 13th Century Icons |
| | In the archepiscopal city there can, however, we found icons from the same period which according to their stylistic characteristics, technique and precision belong to another group, or rather to another centre which fostered icon-painting, in which the new tendencies in painting are evident. | | | century, according to the records available, two very important icons dedicated to Jesus Christ were painted. | | | centuries in Macedonia; we would stress in particular its simularity to the painting in the church of Ss. |
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http://www.soros.org.mk/konkurs/019/eng/txt06_1.htm
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| | TIMELINE 13th CENTURY page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE |
| | The 13th Century, according to D.E. Smith, "represents the real awakening of the world after a long period of intellectual torpor....a Spirit of the Times was abroad. | | | The three mathematically deepest Germans of the century were Jordanus Nemorarius (also known as Jordanus de Saxonia); Albertus Magnus (so widely learned that they called him "Doctor Universalis"); and Witelo (or Vitello) [see 1270]. | | | 1276: Germany was a chaos of independent cities, church lands, and petty feudal states, which the Hapsburgs had begun to consolidate in 1276 (from Austria), but were two Centuries or more from being powerful enough to stop the expansion of France. |
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http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline13.html
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| | History |
| | The motivations underlying the formation of alliances within the two groups, however, cannot be easily summarized due to the idiosyncratic and often contradictory motives of the combatants which ranged from dynastic pride to personal desire for revenge, from economical reasons to political strategies. | | | These two parties, the Guelphs and the Ghibellines, extensively influenced European policy and helped to characterize the whole of the century's history. | | | In the first phase of conflict between Frederick II and the Church, two parties formed throughout Italy. |
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http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/history/hist_1.shtml
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| | DragonBear: Strutt's Dress & Habits of England |
| | A Nobleman of the 13th Century in his Habit of State. | | | A Physician & his Servant from a M.S. of the 13th Cent. | | | Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury from a M.S. of the 12th Century. |
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http://www.dragonbear.com/strutt3.html
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| | Trade at Ugarit In the 13th Century |
| | The peace resulting from the accord was to have far-reaching effects on the fate of Phoenicia, including such cities as Tyre, Byblos, and Ugarit. | | | Trade at Ugarit In The 13th Century BC In the thirteenth century BC, the Levant was the scene of an antagonism between the area's two superpowers, The Hittites from Anatolia on the north, and Egypt. | | | However, Ugarit was also for a period of three centuries the main site of import and export on the Eastern Mediterranean. |
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http://www.syrianamericanwomen.org/~farras/ugarit.htm
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| | 13th Century Perfumery |
| | Introduced into Europe by Arabs in 8th century and spread rapidly. | | | Musk and floral perfumes were brought to northwest Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries from Arabia, through trade with the Islamic world and with the returning Crusaders. | | | They had been using distillation since before the 9th century. |
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http://www.quantal.demon.co.uk/saga/ooc/perfumery.html
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| | 13th century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | 14th century BC - 13th century BC - 12th century BC | | | This bronze ritual wine vessel, dating from the Shang Dynasty in the 13th century BC, is housed at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_century_BC
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| | goGreece.com: City Guide |
| | For many centuries, it was half covered in earth; removal works were completed in 1972. | | | The Parigoritissa Museum houses some of the archaeological finds from the region, the rest are in the museum in Yanina. | | | The capitals on the columns in the sanctuary originally belonged to an Early Christian building of the 5th or 6th century. |
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http://www.gogreece.com/travel/select.asp?CityID=43
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Said: Book of the Maghrib, 13th Century |
| | This brings to my recollection the words of an eastern geographer who visited Andalus in the fourth century of the Hijra (tenth century A.D.), and during the prosperous times of the Cordovan Khalifate, I mean Ibnu Haukal Annassibi, who, describing Andalus, speaks in very unfavourable terms of its inhabitants. | | | Ibn Said was a Spanish Muslim writer of the 13th century. | | | Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Said: Book of the Maghrib, 13th Century |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/maghrib.html
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| | AC 2/98: Raman Microscopy Of A 13th-Century Illuminated Text |
| | The pigments were identified primarily by microscopy (i.e., by viewing down a microscope) or by X-ray crystallography. | | | The most serious conservation problem associated with lead white is blackening, which has most often been observed on paintings in which the pigment was applied as a watercolor. | | | One theory is that the blackening effect is caused by an interaction of the lead white with atmospheric hydrogen sulfide to form the compound lead(II) sulfide. |
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http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/ac/98/feb/raman.html
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| | Test |
| | Nothing proves that the "Renaut" who identifies himself as the author of Jehan Bouche d'Or also wrote Jehan Paulus. | | | While the Visions of Hell have a long and ancient tradition (Owen), the word and concept of Purgatory appeared only at the end of the 12th century (Le Goff: 1981), to become officially recognized by the Church in 1254. | | | Edited by Williams and Allen along with its 14th-century prose version, this poem is an entirely invented story with no identifiable sources which offers interesting insights into the mechanisms of hagiographic composition in 13th-century France. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/~patricia/Jehantrans0001.html
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| | Art Bulletin, The: 13th century AD |
| | We are fairly well informed about the history of the church itself.(16) Its origins are early Christian; it began as a fourthcentury loggia, which was enclosed, probably in the sixth century, to create a church. | | | Whitewashed in the mid-seventeenth century and uncovered in the late nineteenth during renovations, the frescoes are in such poor condition that they are almost illegible. | | | The statement "Alfanus fieri tibi fecit Virgo Maria" (Alfanus had [this] made for you, Virgin Mary) appears twice, on the bishop's chair and on a marble panel, perhaps from a chancel barrier. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0422/is_n3_v77/ai_17776762
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| | Natural Necessity and Eucharistic Theology in the late 13th century |
| | For what is really interesting in the apparently ever greater "autonomy" that accidents seem to have gained in the discussions of the theologians of the late 13 | | | Natural Necessity and Eucharistic Theology in the late 13th century | | | But this, it would appear, might provide a perfectly good motivation for attempts to simplify the semantics of discourse concerning all mundane entities along these lines, thereby directly pointing the way toward the great "semantic schism" of the later middle ages, caused by the emergence of 14 |
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http://www.fordham.edu/gsas/phil/klima/EUCHARIST.HTM
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| | Criccieth Castle |
| | The discovery of a 13th century crucifix inside one of the upper story rooms indicates that a chapel may have filled one of the chambers. | | | Perhaps Llywelyn wanted to augment his power base in North Wales, acknowledging the imminent encroachment of the English into his territory. | | | The earliest mention of a stronghold on the craggy outcrop is to be found in the Welsh chronicles, the Brut y Tywysogyon, in the year 1239, when Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (son of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, or "the Great") was imprisoned in the castle by his half-brother, Dafydd. |
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http://www.castlewales.com/criccth.html
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| | An article on the 13th century Sufi mystic jester, Nasruddin Mulla |
| | Mulla Nasruddin was a Sufi visionary who lived during the 13th century in the Middle East. | | | Roaming around the deserts of Arabia, this mystic jester brought humor to the Sufi tradition and life to stoicism. | | | An article on the 13th century Sufi mystic jester, Nasruddin Mulla |
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http://www.lifepositive.com/Spirit/world-religions/sufism/nasruddin-mulla.asp
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| | Stabat Mater |
| | The message of the Stabat Mater focuses on the spiritual and emotional bond which unites Mary and all Christians to the death of her Son on the Cross. | | | This requires a Real Media Player which may be downloaded free from realaudio.com. | | | A notable number of scholars point to da Todi as author, since two 14th century codices and the 1495 edition of the sequence attribute the hymn's authorship to him. |
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http://www.udayton.edu/mary/resources/poetry/stbmat.html
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| | 13th & 14th Century Scottish Names |
| | Barbour would even refer to "The Bruce" without a first name, and the particular Bruce in question must be deduced from context. | | | Readers should keep this in mind when they see something like "Vmphraville" or "Dauid". | | | Not only would it let you experience an original 14th century epic, but it would be an excellent source for familiarizing yourself with Middle English. |
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http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/symonFreser/scottish14
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| | Women Warriors Throughout History, 13th Century, battles, tournaments, soldier, revolutionary, war, pirate, duel, ... |
| | In the late 13th Century Heldris de Cornouaille (Heldris of Cornwall) wrote an Old French verse poem called "Roman de Silence" which tells the fictional story of a woman who was a minstrel and knight. | | | In 1297 the Countess of Ross led her own troops during William Wallace and Andrew de Moray's battles with the English. | | | Women Warriors Throughout History, 13th Century, battles, tournaments, soldier, revolutionary, war, pirate, duel, disguise, historical re-enactment, living history, Lothene Experimental Archaeology. |
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http://www.lothene.demon.co.uk/others/women13.html
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| | UCB Libraries Special Collections Medieval Treasures |
| | Examples of writing from the 9th to the 15th centuries, including the work of two identifiable scribes. | | | Medieval manuscripts were frequently dismembered by later generations, often by those anxious to extract choice decoration (as in the examples here). | | | Between them is a 15th century fragment from a Book of Hours (MS 315); all that survives of what was once clearly an elaborately decorated manuscript. |
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http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/specialcollections/exhibits/past/treasures.htm
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| | The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights |
| | Tiziano Vecellio, known as Titian, who dominated the Venetian school of art during the first half of the 16th century, is represented mainly by works from his mature period (1559-1570). | | | The extensive collection of Italian painting occupies 30 rooms in the Old and New Hermitage, encompassing its development from the 13th century to the beginning of the 19th century. | | | Just two, The Flight into Egypt (beginning of the 1500s) and Portrait of a Young Woman (about 1530), show the artist's earlier style. |
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http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_3_1.html
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| | Golconda Fort |
| | The history of Golconda Fort dates back to the early 13th century, when this south eastern part of the country was ruled by the Kakatiyas. | | | The bulk of the ruins of this fort, date from the time of the Qutub Shahi kings, who had ruled this area in the 16th and 17th century. | | | A new attraction at the fort is a sound and light show that brings the legend of Golconda to life. |
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http://www.webindia123.com/monuments/forts/golconda.htm
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| | NGA - Byzantine Art and Painting in Italy |
| | Many of the Gallery’s early Italian paintings were originally parts of altarpieces, a form that first appeared in Italy in the thirteenth century as new attention was focused on the altar by changes in the liturgy, church architecture, and the display of relics. | | | Painting on wooden panels had not been common in the West, but by this time the gilded and painted panels of elaborate altarpieces had begun to join—and would eventually overshadow—fresco and mosaic as the principal forms of decoration in Italian churches. | | | Byzantine 13th Century, Enthroned Madonna and Child, 13th century |
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http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg1/gg1-main1.html
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| | 8-13th Century |
| | See also Early Alchemy for discussion of prior alchemical period (2nd to 7th Century). | | | MEDIEVAL MANUSCRIPTS contained many practical recipes and showed the state of chemical knowledge in Europe from the 8th to the 13th century. | | | "BOOK OF FIRES" by MARCUS GRAECUS (11th or 12th Century) |
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http://bradley.bradley.edu/~rbg/8.html
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| | French Names from Two 13th Century Chronicles |
| | Judging from this sample of names, the French nobility of the 13th century were overwhelming known by a single given name plus a locative surname. | | | Chronicles of the Crusades, by Joinville and Villehardouin, is a translation of two 13th century chronicles of French participation in the Crusades. | | | Of the 322 masculine names collected in this list, 303 included a byname of some kind. |
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http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/crusades
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| | Thirteenth-Century Polyphony - Table of Contents |
| | Any attempt to describe or analyze medieval music must confront a basic obstacle: the lack of any known treatises from this period discussing multi-voice cadences. | | | European music of the 13th century presents a rich variety of vertical sonorities and cadences for three or four voices. | | | 1200) to Petrus de Cruce (active in the last decades of the 13th century) more accessible and enjoyable, it will have served its purpose. |
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http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/harmony/13c.html
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| | SELJUK ART (11th to 13th century) |
| | While the use of gold and silver declined except in the manufacture of jeweiry, brass begins to make an appearance towards the end of the 12th century. | | | In addition to the lakabi, underglaze, and slip techniques, richly-figured works done in the Iiister and minai techniques during the last quarter of the 12th century and the early part of the 13th represent some of the finest examples of pottery-making ever achieved. | | | In pottery, monochrome glazed wares in turquoise, cobalt blue, and white decorated with sgraffito or with molded or carved decorations are frequently encountered. |
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http://www.sadberkhanimmuzesi.org.tr/english/sanat/selcuklu.htm
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| | The Armory - 13th Century Dress |
| | Although this gorgeous gown is called the 13th Century Dress, it really isn’t associated with any particular time period. | | | It can be seen in many romantic renderings throughout the Renaissance. |
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http://www.armory.net/item.cfm?RecordId=8-069&SectionID=clothing_women
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| | Evolution of the Medieval Book |
| | This distinct Gothic script was not, however, the result of a deliberate break with the past; it represents the cumulative effect of slight changes that emerged one by one over the course of centuries. | | | On the whole, Gothic minuscule looks bolder, denser, and more elaborate than the scripts that preceded it. |
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http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/medievalbook/letterforms/13th_Century.htm
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| | Medieval Chests |
| | This first chest is a 13th century hutch style chest. | | | The interesting thing about this chest is the three different chip carved designs. | | | In addition to the two chest shown here, I have visited the Ouevre Museum in Strasbourg, France and taken pictures of various chests (and a chair) in that Museum. |
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http://www.greydragon.org/furniture/chests.html
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| | Armenian Reporter, The: 13th-Century Manuscript Illumination on Exhibit at Getty Museum@ HighBeam Research |
| | MALIBU, CA - The J. Paul Getty Museum here is the site of an exhibit entitled Manuscript Illumination of the Thirteenth Century, which opened on January 21. | | | The exhibition of 19 works from the museum's collection of European illuminated manuscripts explores the art of painting in books from this period. | | | The artistic diversity of the 13th century can be seen in the distinctive regional styles included in this exhibition. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:3298930&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf
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| | Images of Conwy Castle, Conwy, North Wales, late 13th century. |
| | Conway Castle was a popular landscape subject for British artists in the 18th and 19th centuries. | | | Images of Conwy Castle, Conwy, North Wales, late 13th century. | | | Paul Sandby's View of Conway Castle from the Northwest, a watercolor of c. |
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http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/conway/conway.html
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